The purpose of this study is to give a thorough and detailed account and analysis of the semantics of twelve Swedish dimensional adjectives: hög ’high/tall’, låg ’low’, bred ’broad/wide’, smal ’narrow’ vid ’broad’, trång ’narrow’, tjock ’thick’, tunn ’thin’, djup ’deep’, grund ’narrow’, lång ’long’ and kort ’short’. Focus has been placed on their spatial, non-metaphorical sense. The study was written within the framework of cognitive linguistics, where lexical definitions may be given in terms of prototypical and peripheral uses. Four sources of data have been considered: a corpus, consisting of contemporary fiction, an elicitation test, designed for the purpose, dictionary articles on the pertinent adjectives, and the author's own linguistic intuition as a native speaker. The methodology has involved categorisation of combinations of adjective and noun, based upon three major themes: orientation, function, and shape. In order to determine prototypical uses, precedence has been given to the outcome of the elicitation test over the corpus search. For both sources, frequency has played an important part. The ranking of senses as stated in the dictionary articles has also been considered. The results indicate that the dimensional adjectives differ quite markedly from each other, as opposed to a structural view where the adjectives traditionally have been regarded as forming a neat patchwork. Adjectives overlap each other for some uses (högt gräs ’high grass’, långt gräs ’long grass’ and even djupt gräs ’deep grass’), while there are also situations in which no dimensional adjective can describe an object. Furthermore, adjectives forming pairs, such as djup – grund ’deep – shallow’, do not exhibit full antonymy, despite the fact that dimensional adjectives are traditionally cited as examples par excellence concerning antonymy.

This is an onomasiological study with a diachronic perspective. Its purpose is to examine the use of the four most frequent names for migrants in Sweden in Swedish newspapers 1923-2013. The four names are invandrare (roughly ’immigrant’), immigrant (‘immigrant’), migrant (‘migrant’) and utlänning (‘foreigner’). The results from 37 Swedish corpora show that invandrare is the most frequent word used by the media. The word is often used in contexts that discuss something problematic and sometimes even rather negative in regards to migrants, using that very word – invandrare. It often marks a thought of us-and-them. Utlänning is frequently used as a synonym for invandrare, although it carries a different meaning. Immigrant and migrant are seldom used and when they are, they generally refer to migrants in other countries than Sweden. All the words are used in order to convey a distance between migrants and what is considered ethnic Swedes. Language planning is a good tool in this case, but the ultimate key lies in the attitudes of the speakers. No matter how many times the names for migrants are changed, they will always end up negative if that is the speakers’ intention.

Drawing data from a variety of sources, this thesis compares functional evidence regarding lexical categories from a number of Salish and Wakashan languages, as well as from the Michif language. It then applies Prototype Theory to examine the structure of the lexicons of these languages. They are described in terms of prototype categories that overlap to varying extents, with each category and each area of overlap defined by a central set of prototypical features. A high degree of gradience appears to exist between categories in Salish and Wakashan languages, with no clear boundary between categories or areas of overlap, indicating that lexical categories in these languages, rather than being clearly demarcated, are instead fuzzy categories with very little distinguishing them. Categories in Michif, on the other hand, exhibit far less overlap. This variation is compared to variation in conceptual categories across languages, and challenges the notions of the universality of clearly demarcated lexical categories and the existence of separately stored language module in the human mind. In spite of the variation in lexical category demarcation observed across the languages studied, it is possible to demarcate the categories of Noun and Verb to at least some extent in all languages, as well as a category of Adjective in some languages. This supports the proposed universality of the categories of Noun and Verb, as well as the implicational universals proposed in the Amsterdam Model of Parts of Speech (Hengeveld 1992a, b). It is also possible to identify a number of defining characteristics for each lexical category that appear to hold across languages. Since similar characteristics can be identified across languages for all categories, but the categories themselves display varying degrees of overlap in individual languages, this research supports the proposal that language universals, rather than consisting of structures, rules, and categories that are identical in all languages, are rather collections of prototypical characteristics for grammatical categories that are similar across languages (Croft 2000).

<p>A word or a linguistic construction can mean various things depending on the context. The imperative is a representative example of such a construction and can express a variety of illocutionary forces such as COMMAND, REQUEST, ADVICE, and more (Quirk et al., 1985, Huddleston et al., 2002). </p> <p>However, although there are many studies that comprehensively deal with the imperative or individual illocutionary forces of it (e.g. Lakoff, 1966, Ljung, 1975, Davies, 1986, Wilson & Sperber 1988, Han, 2000, Takahashi, 2012, Jary & Kissine, 2014), there is no such study that shows a possible overall process of how we would interpret an imperative to reach a certain illocutionary force when it is uttered. Without such a shared process, we cannot explain why we can communicate using imperatives without misunderstandings. Thus, this process needs to be investigated. </p> <p>Another problem regarding imperatives is the treatment of non-directive uses of imperatives such as “Have a good day”. The illocutionary force of this imperative would be called GOOD WISH and regarded as a conventional use of imperatives (Davies, 1986). However, it has not been clearly explained why we would choose the imperative construction to express wishes. If this kind of wishes expressed in the form of the imperative are actually a use of imperative, then there should be some reason and motivation for it. </p> <p>The main purposes of this study are to provide (1) a schema of how one would typically reach the interpretation of WISH when hearing an imperative and (2) an account of such use of imperatives as WISH. In this study, examples of imperatives in two non-cognate languages are used for the analysis in the hope to substantiate the credibility of the schema and the account: Japanese and English. Based on the analyses on the imperative and individual illocutionary forces that have been presented in the literature combined with my own analysis, a schema is proposed that illustrates how one would typically reach PRIVATE WISH, the state of affairs of which is deemed to be desirable mainly for the speaker, and GOOD WISH, the state of affairs of which is deemed to be desirable mainly for the addressee. Then, an account for the use of PRIVATE WISH and GOOD WISH is provided. Specifically, the use of imperatives as WISH is an analogous use of prototypical imperatives; people would use the imperative construction to express their strong desirability, and to build and maintain a good relationship with others.</p>

No processo derivacional, os sufixos nte e (d/t/s)or são conhecidos por formarem vocábulos designados na língua como agentivos. O conceito de agente, por sua vez, é fundamental para os estudos da linguagem, pois descreve uma categoria primária a qualquer ser vivo, servindo, por isso, de base para a criação de outras categorias. Propôs-se observar, descrever e organizar os significados dos sufixos nte e (d/t/s)or presentes na língua portuguesa, utilizando o mecanismo da paráfrase. Por tratar-se de afixos abrangentes, fizeram-se necessários dois tipos de abordagem: uma qualitativa e uma quantitativa. Num primeiro momento, fez-se uma pesquisa etimológica específica nos agentivos nomeadores de profissionais, isto é, em designadores de seres humanos portadores de uma função, em que se examinou o emprego primitivo dos sufixos que compõem essa análise. Depois, abarcaram-se palavras pertencentes a campos diversos, limitados pela presença desses sufixos. Os sufixos formadores de nomina agentis nte e (d/t/s)or remetem aos falantes a ideia de alguém ou algo que faz alguma coisa, isto é, forma duas séries nas quais se corporizam as derivações deverbais de designações de pessoas que são agentes da ação implicada no significado do verbo. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que os nomes em nte e (d/t/s)or possuem a propriedade do aspecto, entendido como duração da ação, devido à constituição histórica tanto das bases que os integram como dos próprios afixos, o que confere a cada um deles um papel semântico específico na língua. Constatou-se que as paráfrases dos nomes em nte e (d/t/s)or seguem um padrão acional único, sem variação nos diversos grupos lexicais a que pertencem, com uma especificidade no significado do sufixo nte. Esses e os outros elementos morfológicos se constituem como fundamento material para mediar a relação do falante com sua expressão social / In the derivational process, the suffixes nte and (d/t/s)or are known for forming words which are designated in the language as agentives. The term agent is fundamental to the studies of languages because it describes a primary category to any living being, and therefore it serves as a base to the creation of other categories. The proposal of this work is to observe, to describe and to organize the meanings of the suffixes nte and (d/t/s)or in Portuguese, utilizing the mechanism of paraphrase. Since they are comprehensive affixes, two approaches a qualitative and a quantitative one were necessary. Firstly, it was conducted a specific etymological research about the professional agentives, i.e. namely in human beings that have a function, in which the original function of the suffixes was examined. Subsequently, words of different fields were analyzed with these affixes. The nomina agentis forming suffixes nte and (d/t/s)or give to the speakers the idea of someone or something that does some action, forming two series in which they embody the deverbal derivations of nouns of people who are agents of the action implied in the verb meaning. The hypothesis of the work is that names in nte and (d/t/s)or own the property of the aspect, videlicet the implication of the duration of the action, due to historic constitution of both the bases and the affixes, which provides to each suffix one specific semantic role in the language. It was noticed that the paraphrases of the names in nte and (d/t/s)or follow one single standard of action, with no variation in the several and different lexical groups to which they belong, with a specificity in the meaning of the suffix nte. These and the other morphological components constitute the material base to mediate the relationship between the speaker and his/her social expression

No processo derivacional, os sufixos nte e (d/t/s)or são conhecidos por formarem vocábulos designados na língua como agentivos. O conceito de agente, por sua vez, é fundamental para os estudos da linguagem, pois descreve uma categoria primária a qualquer ser vivo, servindo, por isso, de base para a criação de outras categorias. Propôs-se observar, descrever e organizar os significados dos sufixos nte e (d/t/s)or presentes na língua portuguesa, utilizando o mecanismo da paráfrase. Por tratar-se de afixos abrangentes, fizeram-se necessários dois tipos de abordagem: uma qualitativa e uma quantitativa. Num primeiro momento, fez-se uma pesquisa etimológica específica nos agentivos nomeadores de profissionais, isto é, em designadores de seres humanos portadores de uma função, em que se examinou o emprego primitivo dos sufixos que compõem essa análise. Depois, abarcaram-se palavras pertencentes a campos diversos, limitados pela presença desses sufixos. Os sufixos formadores de nomina agentis nte e (d/t/s)or remetem aos falantes a ideia de alguém ou algo que faz alguma coisa, isto é, forma duas séries nas quais se corporizam as derivações deverbais de designações de pessoas que são agentes da ação implicada no significado do verbo. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que os nomes em nte e (d/t/s)or possuem a propriedade do aspecto, entendido como duração da ação, devido à constituição histórica tanto das bases que os integram como dos próprios afixos, o que confere a cada um deles um papel semântico específico na língua. Constatou-se que as paráfrases dos nomes em nte e (d/t/s)or seguem um padrão acional único, sem variação nos diversos grupos lexicais a que pertencem, com uma especificidade no significado do sufixo nte. Esses e os outros elementos morfológicos se constituem como fundamento material para mediar a relação do falante com sua expressão social / In the derivational process, the suffixes nte and (d/t/s)or are known for forming words which are designated in the language as agentives. The term agent is fundamental to the studies of languages because it describes a primary category to any living being, and therefore it serves as a base to the creation of other categories. The proposal of this work is to observe, to describe and to organize the meanings of the suffixes nte and (d/t/s)or in Portuguese, utilizing the mechanism of paraphrase. Since they are comprehensive affixes, two approaches a qualitative and a quantitative one were necessary. Firstly, it was conducted a specific etymological research about the professional agentives, i.e. namely in human beings that have a function, in which the original function of the suffixes was examined. Subsequently, words of different fields were analyzed with these affixes. The nomina agentis forming suffixes nte and (d/t/s)or give to the speakers the idea of someone or something that does some action, forming two series in which they embody the deverbal derivations of nouns of people who are agents of the action implied in the verb meaning. The hypothesis of the work is that names in nte and (d/t/s)or own the property of the aspect, videlicet the implication of the duration of the action, due to historic constitution of both the bases and the affixes, which provides to each suffix one specific semantic role in the language. It was noticed that the paraphrases of the names in nte and (d/t/s)or follow one single standard of action, with no variation in the several and different lexical groups to which they belong, with a specificity in the meaning of the suffix nte. These and the other morphological components constitute the material base to mediate the relationship between the speaker and his/her social expression

Modeling protean objects, i.e. objects adapting their structure and behavior dynamically with respect to a changeable environment, is often challenging in traditional object-oriented languages. According to the author, the root cause of this problem lies in the class-based conceptual framework embedded in the foundation of the object-oriented para-digm. The proposed paradigm Object Morphology (OM) is greatly influenced by prototype theory developed in the field of cognitive psychology. OM abandons the notion of class and suggests, instead, that the abstractions of protean objects should be established through the construction of morph models describing the possible forms of those objects. This the-sis defines the theoretical foundations of OM, which is further used to specify the elements of prototypical object-oriented analysis. An important part of this work is also a proof-of-concept implementation of an OM framework in Scala.

The late Neolithic of North Mesopotamia has long been held up as the first example of a ‘global’ culture with aspects of shared material culture, most notably pottery styles and subsistence strategies, spread across North Mesopotamia, the Northern Levant, and parts of south-east Anatolia. Increasing research in the past twenty years has illustrated that the material similarities visible in the late Neolithic do not represent a closed cultural community, but instead reflect a network of loosely connected groups who were members of imagined communities that linked people within shared cosmologies. Since their discovery in the early decades of the twentieth century stamp seals have been treated as a type artefact of the late Neolithic (particularly one of its constituent parts the Halaf) where they have been used to argue for the presence of sealing systems based around administrative storage of personal or communal property and possibly trade relations. However, except for a thesis published in 1990, late Neolithic stamp seals have never been comprehensively studied or interpreted primarily within their own context. Instead previous studies of stamp seals have tied stamp seals into a modernist narrative of progression that implicitly culminates in modern, Western, Nation States. This research challenges and deconstructs this narrative to demonstrate there is little evidence that seals in the late Neolithic were used for administrative purposes. To this end it gathered and re-classified the available data on provenanced stamp seals using a classificatory ontology called prototype theory that allows for more reflexive classification then the existing Aristotelian classifications. The thesis argues that stamp seals were indexical symbols with their symbolism being used to link members of imagined communities within real communities across the late Neolithic ‘world’. These people were members of a perceived descent group originating in shifting relationships to place during the change from sedentary farming communities in the eighth millennium BC to more mobile communities in the seventh millennium BC. At the same time as negotiating these supra-community identities seals were also used indexically in a variety of sub-community ways being used for a variety of magical (primarily apotropaic and talismanic) uses. As part of this I argue sealing practices in the late Neolithic relate to specific events of efficacious sealing using the power in the seal’s design.

Der Begriff des ›Prototypen‹ ist der deutschsprachigen Musiktheorie nicht fremd, ohne dass jedoch seine Implikationen umfassend rezipiert worden wären. Für die Entwicklung der cognitive sciences hat die Prototypentheorie seit den 1970er Jahren eine wichtige Rolle gespielt, indem sie Prozesse der Kategorisierung untersuchte und diese ins Zentrum der Kognition stellte: »We have categories for everything we can think about. To change the concept of category itself is to change our understanding of the world.« (Lakoff) Ausgehend von einer kurzen Einführung in das Prinzip einer Kategorienbildung mit unscharfen Grenzen, nichtäquivalenten Exemplaren und flexibler Gewichtung von Merkmalen, skizziert der Beitrag das Potenzial der Prototypentheorie für die Klärung bzw. Weiterentwicklung musiktheoretischer Begriffe und schlägt Kriterien zur Beurteilung ihrer Nützlichkeit vor. / The term ›prototype‹ is not unknown in German music theory. Its implications, however, haven’t been thoroughly adopted yet. Prototype theory has played an important part in the development of cognitive sciences since the 1970s by enabling researchers to examine processes of categorization and place them in the center of cognition: »We have categories for everything we can think about. To change the concept of category itself is to change our understanding of the world.« (Lakoff) The article begins with a brief introduction into the concept of categories with vague boundaries, non-equivalent samples and adjustable emphasis of characteristics. It outlines the potential of prototype theory to clarify or further develop music theory terms. Finally, there are suggestions for criteria to evaluate their usefulness.

Ausgehend von der festgestellten Unschärfe der Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs in der vorliegenden Forschungsliteratur wird in diesem Dissertationsprojekt versucht, die Bedeutung dieses Ethos genauer zu bestimmen. Um die leitende Forschungsfrage nach der Bedeutung dieses Ethos zu beantworten, wird jedoch nicht davon ausgegangen, diese könnte erschöpfend erfasst werden. Vielmehr wird der Standpunkt vertreten, dass sich der Bedeutung dieses Ethos nur angenähert werden kann, was der Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit entspricht. Um diese Zielstellung realisieren zu können, werden zwei Zugänge gewählt: Ein theoretischer und ein empirischer. Während mithilfe des theoretischen Zugangs über Aspekte der Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte Auskunft gegeben wird, soll es durch den empirischen Zugang gelingen, sich der Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos von Lehrkräften anzunähern. Mit diesem empirischen Zugang wird zugleich auch einem Desiderat der Forschung zum Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs begegnet, das von mehreren Wissenschaftler:innen festgestellt wird: Die Ermangelung eines realitätshaltigen i. S. v. realitätsnahen sowie praxisrelevanten i. S. v. praxisbezogenen Diskurs des Ethos 'für' Lehrkräfte. Auf der Basis des linguistischen Verständnis von Bedeutung im Begriffsbezug sowie dessen theoretische Rahmung durch die Prototypentheorie nach Rosch (1978) sowie Rosch et al. (1975) auch in ihrer Weiterentwicklung i. S. des Idealize Cognitive Model nach Lakoff (1987) und deren operationalen Anwendung auf das Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs ist es möglich, die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und Ethos von Lehrkräften anhand von zentralen Begriffen sowie zentralen sprachlichen Wendungen abzubilden. Zum einen wird dafür eine empirische Untersuchung mit N=53 Gymnasial- und Oberschullehrkräften des Bundeslandes Sachsen durchgeführt, um anhand problemzentrierter Interviews nach Witzel (1985, 2000) die Vorstellungen von Lehrkräften zu ihrem Berufsethos zu erfassen. Zum anderen werden dafür aus Publikationen deutschsprachiger Autor:innen, die zwischen 1987 und 2019 – auch in englischer Sprache – erschienen und der Erziehungswissenschaft sowie der Moralpsychologie zuzuordnen sind sowie Interviewtexten zentrale Begriffe und zentrale sprachliche Wendungen erarbeitet, die i. S. von natürlichen, thematischen sowie analytischen Kategorien in hierarchisch angeordneten Kategoriensystemen die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und als Ethos von Lehrkräften auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsniveaus abbilden. Bei beiden Zugängen zur Annäherung an die Bedeutung dieses Ethos findet also zur Auswertung o. g. Texte die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2002, 2015) Anwendung. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und als Ethos von Lehrkräften anhand von präzisen Bedeutungselementen i. S. v. konkreten Inhaltselementen sowie abstrakten Strukturelementen auf verschiedenen Bedeutungsebenen zu beschreiben, der Inhalts- als auch Strukturebene. Hervorzuheben sind dabei die Hauptkategorien der in beiden Analysen erarbeiteten Kategoriensysteme, die als Strukturelemente und somit als Strukturebene der Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs zu verstehen sind: Die Bedingungsfaktoren, die Lehrkräfte als Träger:innen, die Schüler:innen als Richtung, die Anwendungsbereiche und die Gestaltungsmittel des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und als Ethos von Lehrkräften. Bei der theoretischen Analyse zur Annäherung an die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenethos als Ethos für Lehrkräfte wurden darüber hinaus die 'Theoretische[n] Ausführungen zum Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte' als weiteres Strukturelement der Bedeutung dieses Ethos erarbeitet. Besonders anhand der jeweils zahlreichen feingliedrig angeordneten Inhaltselemente der Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und als Ethos von Lehrkräften ist es u. a. möglich, den Zusammenhang der erarbeiteten Struktur- sowie Inhaltsebene der Bedeutung dieses Ethos als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und als Ethos von Lehrkräften i. S. eines Wechselspiels zwischen Konkretem und Abstraktem, Inhalt und Struktur als Mechanismus zur Beschreibung der Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und Ethos von Lehrkräften aufzuzeigen sowie die Bedeutung dieses Ethos in diesen Perspektiven jeweils zusammenfassend zu bestimmen. Damit einhergehend wird besonders in der Diskussion der Ergebnisse des empirischen Zugangs dargestellt, mit welchen aus erziehungswissenschaftlicher, pädagogisch-psychologischer sowie pädagogischsoziologischer Perspektive bearbeiteten Themen die Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs korrespondieren. Dies verhilft dazu, in der Diskussion der Ergebnisse des empirischen Zugangs einen integrativen Ansatz vorgeschlagen, durch den o. g. Desiderat begegnet werden könnte. Weiterhin wird in den Diskussionen der Ergebnisse beider Zugänge zur Annäherung an die Bedeutung dieses Ethos als Ethos für Lehrkräfte und als Ethos von Lehrkräften die Relevanz der im Rahmen dieses Dissertationsprojektes erzielten Erkenntnisse für die Lehrer:innenbildung zur Anbahnung und/ oder Weiterentwicklung des Ethos von Lehrkräften sowie mit Blick auf den Diskurs zur Professionalität des Lehrer:innenberufs beleuchtet. Anhand der abschließend skizzierten Analogie der Ergebnisse beider Analysen, ihrer Interpretationen sowie Diskussionen ist es möglich, eine Aufgabe zur weiteren Forschung zum Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs besonders zu betonen: Die kriteriengeleitete Synthese beider Analysen. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese die Annäherung an die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos bei Lehrkräften – also jenes Ethos, welches im beruflichen Handeln von Lehrkräften sichtbar wird – bereichern, zur Formulierung eines Leitbildes i. S. eines institutionellen Selbstverständnisses von Lehrkräften beitragen sowie Lehrkräfte dabei unterstützen könnte, dem gesetzlich erteilten Erziehungs- und Bildungsauftrag von Schulen in ihrem beruflichen Handeln nachzukommen.:ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS vi TABELLENVERZEICHNIS x ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS xi ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 1 SUMMARY 3 0. Einleitung 5 1. Theoretische Grundlagen und methodisches Vorgehen 8 1.1 Theoretische Grundlagen der theoretischen Analyse sowie der empirischen Untersuchung und empirischen Analyse 9 1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen bei der theoretischen Analyse sowie bei der empirischen Untersuchung und empirischen Analyse 26 2. Theoretische Analyse zur Annäherung an die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos für Lehrkräfte 80 2.1 Erstes Ergebnis der theoretischen Analyse 81 2.2 Zweites Ergebnis der theoretischen Analyse 141 2.3 Drittes Ergebnis der theoretischen Analyse 151 2.4 Interpretation der Ergebnisse der theoretischen Analyse 157 2.5 Diskussion der Ergebnisse der theoretischen Analyse 177 3. Empirische Untersuchung und empirische Analyse zur Annäherung an die Bedeutung des Ethos des Lehrer:innenberufs als Ethos von Lehrkräften 194 3.1 Beschreibung der Stichprobe der empirischen Untersuchung 196 3.2 Vorstellung des Erhebungsinstruments der empirischen Untersuchung 199 3.3 Bericht der Durchführung der empirischen Untersuchung 209 3.4 Darstellung des Vorgehens bei der Auswertung der in der empirischen Untersuchung erfassten verbalen Daten 212 3.5 Präsentation der Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse 224 3.6 Interpretation der Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse 240 3.7 Diskussion der Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse 281 4. Grenzen und Ausblick 297 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 304 ANHANG 326 EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG 388