Women often feel unsafe outdoors, restricting their use of public places. They have still not been prioritized in urban planning. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study usage and perception of public places by young women in Flemingsberg. The intersectional perspective chosen lifts their voices. "Safety" and “place” are still the primary focus, using Jane Jacob’s theories about safety in the city. Interviews with nine young women and observations of unsafe places in Flemingsberg were conducted. The results show that the women generally feel safe. Their perception of their safety and place-attributes still makes them use public places restrictively, especially at night. Some feel safer in Flemingsberg, some are safer elsewhere. Connections were also found to the intersectionality theory, as the women felt more vulnerable at a younger age. Jane Jacob's implication that it is safer with more people present at a place was also relevant. The most influential attributes which make the women feel safe or unsafe are what number and kind of people are out in the streets, lighting, and familiarity with a place. Specific locations are thereby safer and more used for some of the women, for others unsafe. Improvements suggested show what can make them safer.

A presente pesquisa envolve a análise de trabalhos que realizei entre 2012-2018 relacionados às questões da cidade contemporânea e à perda gradual de sua capacidade de promover encontros. Discuto como, na sociedade urbana contemporânea, espaços propícios ao encontro e à troca entre alteridades, tais como calçadas, praças e parques foram sendo substituídos por experiências individualizadas, praticadas em ambientes assépticos e dirigidos ao consumo massivo. A partir dessas inquietações, investigo de que forma processos artísticos participativos e de caráter dialógico possibilitam a ocorrência de situações de encontro no espaço público, examinando a ocorrência de tais processos como microacontecimentos cotidianos. Meu interesse parte do entendimento de que os projetos, ações e inserções desenvolvidos se constituem como modos de subjetivação capazes de encaminhar a construção daquilo que entendo como poéticas da proximidade. / The present research involves the analysis of works that I performed between 2012-2018 related to contemporary city issues and the gradual loss of their capacity to promote meetings. I discuss how, in contemporary urban society, spaces conducive to meeting and exchanging between alterities, such as sidewalks, squares and parks were replaced by individualized experiences practiced in aseptic environments and directed to mass consumption. From these concerns, I investigate how participatory artistic processes and dialogical character enable the occurrence of situations of encounter in the public sphere, examining the occurrence of such processes as everyday micro events. My interest is based on the understanding that the projects, actions and insertions developed are forms of subjectivation capable of directing the construction of what I understand as poetics of proximity.

A cidade constitui-se hoje como um local de conflitos e disputas, sejam eles em níveis sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais, como também de interesses distintos de usos e apropriações etárias, restringindo, cada vez mais, a participação infantil nos espaços públicos. A partir dessa constatação, a presente pesquisa desenvolve-se colocando as crianças como sujeitos e atores sociais para refletir, junto aos diferentes profissionais, sobre a construção dos espaços livres urbanos. Nesse sentido, as leituras infantis são trabalhadas como ponto de partida para a identificação das temáticas existentes nesses cenários. Por meio de uma série de oficinas realizadas com meninos e meninas moradores do distrito do Jaraguá, na região Noroeste do Município de São Paulo, trabalhou-se com as interpretações e os projetos urbanos elaborados por eles, abordando assuntos que envolvem, sobretudo, questões observadas em seus espaços cotidianos. Essa experiência institui-se como ponto central da pesquisa, que, através de interlocuções constantes com os diferentes campos teóricos abordados, estabelece uma oportunidade para analisar, não apenas os olhares infantis no e do espaço urbano, mas também a produção da cidade que estamos promovendo e vivenciando, colocando-nos para refletir sobre quais interesses estamos atendendo e privilegiando. / Nowadays the city is a place of conflicts and disputes, be they at social, economic, political and cultural levels, as well as different interests of age appropriations and uses wich increasingly restricts children\'s participation in public spaces. Based on this assumption, the present research is developed considering children as social actors to reflect, together with different professionals, on the construction of urban spaces. In this sense, children\'s perseptions are worked as a starting point for the identification of themes in these scenarios. Through a series of workshops developed with boys and girls to live in the district of Jaraguá, in the Northwest Region of the Municipality of São Paulo, we worked on the interpretations and urban projects elaborated by them, addressing issues that mainly involve subjects observed in their routine spaces. This experience was as a central point of the research, which, through constant dialogues with different theoretical approaches, establishes an opportunity to reflect not only on children\'s views in and of urban space, but also on the production of the city that we are promoting and experiencing, putting ourselves to think about what interests we are attending and privileging.

A cidade constitui-se hoje como um local de conflitos e disputas, sejam eles em níveis sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais, como também de interesses distintos de usos e apropriações etárias, restringindo, cada vez mais, a participação infantil nos espaços públicos. A partir dessa constatação, a presente pesquisa desenvolve-se colocando as crianças como sujeitos e atores sociais para refletir, junto aos diferentes profissionais, sobre a construção dos espaços livres urbanos. Nesse sentido, as leituras infantis são trabalhadas como ponto de partida para a identificação das temáticas existentes nesses cenários. Por meio de uma série de oficinas realizadas com meninos e meninas moradores do distrito do Jaraguá, na região Noroeste do Município de São Paulo, trabalhou-se com as interpretações e os projetos urbanos elaborados por eles, abordando assuntos que envolvem, sobretudo, questões observadas em seus espaços cotidianos. Essa experiência institui-se como ponto central da pesquisa, que, através de interlocuções constantes com os diferentes campos teóricos abordados, estabelece uma oportunidade para analisar, não apenas os olhares infantis no e do espaço urbano, mas também a produção da cidade que estamos promovendo e vivenciando, colocando-nos para refletir sobre quais interesses estamos atendendo e privilegiando. / Nowadays the city is a place of conflicts and disputes, be they at social, economic, political and cultural levels, as well as different interests of age appropriations and uses wich increasingly restricts children\'s participation in public spaces. Based on this assumption, the present research is developed considering children as social actors to reflect, together with different professionals, on the construction of urban spaces. In this sense, children\'s perseptions are worked as a starting point for the identification of themes in these scenarios. Through a series of workshops developed with boys and girls to live in the district of Jaraguá, in the Northwest Region of the Municipality of São Paulo, we worked on the interpretations and urban projects elaborated by them, addressing issues that mainly involve subjects observed in their routine spaces. This experience was as a central point of the research, which, through constant dialogues with different theoretical approaches, establishes an opportunity to reflect not only on children\'s views in and of urban space, but also on the production of the city that we are promoting and experiencing, putting ourselves to think about what interests we are attending and privileging.

In this study, the socio-spatial formation of a public place in Ankara, the capital city of the Turkish Republic, is analyzed between the 1950s and the 1980s. Within this framework, the focus of analysis is the Tunali Hilmi Avenue (earlier &Ouml / zdemir Street) as one of the main streets in Ankara. To understand experiences of daily life in relation to spatial constitution of a public place is vital for this study, because this opens the way for discussing the formation of a &ldquo / street&rdquo / as a public place where social forms and practices come into being in the city. Focusing on the socio-spatial experiences of people on a street as a public place, this study uses visual and written documents about the architectural and planning processes, as well as the information gathered from oral history survey about the experiences of individuals, in order to understand how public life and public place are shaped in a reciprocal manner, and how the spatial formation of a street is realized in relation to daily experiences of its inhabitants. The decades from the foundation of the Turkish Republic until the late-1950s are initially presented as the period when this part of the city transformed from a suburb of vineyards into a residential area. The main period of analysis in this study is from the late 1950s to the late 1980s when the Tunali Hilmi Avenue was formed as a significant public place in Ankara, acquiring residential as well as cultural, recreational and commercial functions to act as an urban sub-center in the city. Aiming to produce a comprehensive architectural history of the socio-spatial formation of the Tunali Hilmi Avenue as a public place, with reference to its public role in a specific period of time, this study examines this process as associated with the contemporary changes in the built environment and daily life of Ankara. From such a broad perspective, the study evaluates the unplanned formation of the Avenue as an urban sub-center not only as an urban or architectural entity but also as a social process.

Cette thèse porte sur un espace public urbain situé dans le quartier populaire des Quatre- Chemins à la frontière de Pantin et Aubervilliers. Elle s’intéresse secondairement à l’espace public local dessiné par les politiques publiques communales à l’attention des immigrés à Aubervilliers. Son objectif est de décrire comment des immigrés d’Afrique subsaharienne prennent place dans ces deux espaces. La thèse met au jour l’existence pour chaque espace public d’un opérateur de neutralisation. Celui-ci suspend localement la possibilité de rapporter les conduites des immigrés à leur culture supposée en les identifiant sur une base raciale. Dans l’espace public urbain, cet opérateur fonctionne différemment suivant plusieurs classes d’interaction. Dans l’espace public des politiques publiques, son bon fonctionnement dépend en grande partie de l’action de la municipalité et de sa capacité à éviter que l’on ne crée localement un problème de l’immigration. Cette ligne d’action est le fruit d’un héritage d’une histoire singulière du communisme municipal local. La thèse tente par la suite d’étudier plusieurs petits groupes d’immigrés venant des grandes villes d’Afrique de l’ouest et occupant durablement le quartier et notamment les cafés. Le quartier leur offrant à la fois une protection contre les discriminations et les incitant à partager durablement l’espace commun, ils prennent ici place en racontant peu à peu à d’autres ce qu’ils sont ; en rendant visible à l’attention du public des éléments de leur vie privée, en la mettant en scène. La thèse vise à comprendre le sens de ces mises en scène. Elle y voit le retour ambigu de la figure du travailleur immigré. Elle dévoile également la fragilité de la protection qu’offre l’espace du café pour éloigner de son esprit la dureté des relations conjugales. / This PHD deals with a public place located in a Parisian suburb named Les Quatre-Chemins. The neighborhood is divided into two areas. The main one is part of Aubervilliers and the second one of Pantin, two cities of la Seine Saint-Denis (93). Quatre- Chemins is very poor and a lot of migrants from different waves of recent migrations live here. As it is full of food shops, drugstores and coffee shops, and as it hosts a subway station, urban life is very intense there. Secondly, the PHD deals with a second public sphere composed by the residents who apply to different social and cultural local policies dedicated to migrants in the city of Aubervilliers. The goal of the PHD is to reveal how sub-Saharan African migrants take place in these two public places and talk about themselves and their private life. How they define what is public and what is private and how they present the private part of their lives. The PHD reveals that in both public spaces, the cultural background of these migrants is neutralized in first place. This means that a few unconscious tricks work so that it seems impossible for the audience to interpret the acts of migrants as something which would be completely determined by their supposed belonging to an assigned migrant community. They can then act as individuals. In the urban public place of Les Quatre-Chemins, the neutralizing operator is composed by different interactional situations. Quatre-Chemins is then close to what Elijah Anderson calls a “cosmopolitan canopy”. In the political and local public space, the neutralizing effect is due to a political and ideological position of the municipality itself. Then, the PHD aims to understand how distinct groups of African migrants from different big cities of Senegal, Ivory Coast and Mali, take place in the streets and coffee shops of Les Quatre- Chemins. How they interact with different people who don’t come from the same regions and how they present themselves, their ethnical background, their working conditions and their private lives.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romani_gn_me_jabo.pdf: 615001 bytes, checksum: c2624eb8336a9c3101f7aae647433b94 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As praças públicas são representações de áreas verdes tendo como finalidade principal o lazer. Por estarem em uma área urbana e com ambiente degradado são sistemas frágeis e complexos e exigem administração e planejamento cuidadoso, com os objetivos de otimizar as funções da arborização e reduzir custos com a mesma. Visando o conhecimento detalhado da vegetação arbórea para fins de orientação do manejo e conservação dessa área, foi feito um levantamento florístico, fitossociológico e qualitativo da arborização (árvores e palmeiras) da praça XV de Novembro, situada em Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foram identificados, mensurados e visualmente avaliadas todas as árvores e palmeiras presentes na praça que ocupa uma área de 15.456 m2, onde verificou-se a presença de 19 famílias botânicas, 42 espécies num total de 161 indivíduos. A espécie Caesalpinia peltophoroides (sibipiruna) apresentou maior densidade (14,91%) na população local e também, foi a espécie que apresentou maiores problemas fitossanitários causado por cupim, no entanto, Ficus dendrocida (figueira-mata-pau ou figueira-branca) foi a espécie de maior valor de importância por seus altos valores de dominância relativa na população que deve-se ao alto valor de sua área basal. O valor do índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver foi de 3,14 que se comparado a outros levantamentos consiste em um bom índice. As árvores e palmeiras apresentam alturas variadas, mas a maioria está em um porte adulto com mais de 10 metros de altura. Em se tratando de qualidade da arborização, a Praça XV de Novembro, deixa a desejar devido aos problemas fitossanitários existentes, com destaque para o caso dos cupins arborícolas nas sibipirunas que podem causar quedas de galhos e conseqüentes acidentes com os cidadãos / The squares are a public green areas have leisure as main aim. The fragility and complexity of this system require to be administered planning carefully, aiming to optimize the afforestation functions and reduce costs, so it is essential planning, defining the activities and the possible qualitative and quantitative targets, because the lack of plan to follow and to complete makes the processes of implementation and management planning totally empirical. The aim of this survey was to quantify the arboreal vegetation composition in order to direct the conservation and management. It was carried out a floristic, phytosociological and qualitative survey of existing trees and palms. It was identified, measured and visually evaluated all arborial vegetation of the square. Occupying an area of 15,456 m2, it was found 19 botanical families, 42 species distributed into 161 individuals. Although Caesalpinia peltophoroides (sibipiruna) had obtained the highest density level, Ficus dendrocida (figueira-mata-pau ou figueira branca) was the most dominant species in the population due to its high basal area value. The diversity index of Shannon-Weaver, was 3,14, which is a good result due to other inventories. The trees and palms presented different heights, but most of them are in an adult size of over 10 meters high. When it comes to its afforestation quality, the XV de Novembro Square has not good points to show because of the existing pest and diseases over its vegetation, especially for the termites that may cause branches fall put citizens on dangerous

Urban planners are facing the challenge of forming the community for the present and the future. Public places are a part of the community and are places in which people can stay and make use of the area. The public places are important in the urban society of today from a democratic perspective as well as a health- and security perspective. Gävle has an overall objective that reads, that all people should feel safe in public places and this can be created by more people staying on the site. The purpose of this study is to find out what defines a public place and how a public place is created, with a view to a broader understanding and knowledge of the subject. Seven public places in Gävle have been evaluated using a model that measures the publicity and is known as the OMAI model. The goal of the evaluation is to see if the model is suitable when planning and analysing public places. The model is based upon four dimensions: ownership, management, accessibility and inclusiveness. The evaluation was performed using two different method strategies: case study in the form of observations and survey in the form of questionnaires. What is common about all different public places is that they contain a public life constructed by individuals and that the individuals are the ones who determine if the place is public or not. The dimensions accessibility and inclusiveness are based on the experiences of individuals and are suitable for evaluating a public place. The dimensions ownership and management are based on hard factors and not experiences and can therefore not be considered suitable for evaluation of public places. The conclusion is that the way the OMAI model illustrates public places makes the model easy to implement but it does not work quite as well for evaluating the public life. A model that takes aspects concerning experiences of individuals into account would be better when evaluating the public life at public places.

A partir des années 90, le Mali s’est engagé dans un véritable processus de décentralisation. Mais la plupart des entités territoriales décentralisées sont confrontées aux défis de la gouvernance locale. La gestion de proximité que cette situation implique entraîne l'ouverture de cadres de concertations et de prises de décisions en faveur du grand nombre des citoyens. Ce qui n'est pas sans poser des problèmes de conflits de compétences entre la tutelle ministérielle, les services déconcentrés de l'État, les collectivités locales, les acteurs de la coopération décentralisée, la société civile, la chefferie traditionnelle et les communautés villageoises. L’étude de la gouvernance locale et de la décentralisation est devenue un objet canonique en science politique. Elle demeure toujours d’actualité. En science politique, la « gouvernance locale » découle de la « gouvernance politique » d’une manière générale. Elle fait référence à des formes de coordination qui incluent une pluralité d’acteurs. A ce titre, l’action publique locale n’est plus le seul fait des autorités élues qui sont désormais tenues d’impliquer cette pluralité d’acteurs dans les processus décisionnels. La gouvernance locale occasionne un brassage d’acteurs d’appartenance sociopolitique et professionnelle diverse. Elle implique un « partage du pouvoir » dans les processus décisionnels et la reconnaissance d’une multiplicité de parties prenantes dans la gestion des affaires de la communauté. L’objectif de cette réflexion sociopolitique, à partir de l’expérience du Mali, notamment dans les cercles de Diéma et de Nioro du Sahel, vise à étudier le paysage sociopolitique local à partir des conflits de gouvernance locale liés à la gestion des équipements communautaires et des programmes de coopération décentralisée et de développement local. Il s’agit également de voir comment trouver dans le passé africain des éléments fécondants pouvant promouvoir des processus de décentralisation pertinents adaptés à nos réalités et porteurs de progrès. / From the 90’s, Mali got into a real decentralization process. But most of the decentralized territorial entities face the challenges of local governance. The community-based management that this new situation implies leads to open frameworks for consultations and decision-making for a large number of citizens. This is not without creating conflicts of competence between the ministerial administrative supervisor, the decentralized services of the state, the local collectivities, and the actors of the decentralized cooperation, the civil society, the traditional chieftaincies and the communities of villages. Indeed, the studies on local governance and decentralization policies have become a canonical object in political science. But it still remains current news. In political science, “local governance” stems generally from “political governance”. It refers to the forms of coordination, which include a plurality of actors. In that sense, the local public action is not the only fact of elected authorities who are obliged to involve the plurality of actors in the decisional process. Local governance creates situations of a combination of actors who belong to different socio-political and professional areas. It implies “power sharing” in the decision-making process and the recognition of a multiplicity of stakeholders in the management of the community affairs. The objective of this socio-political reflection, from the experience of Mali, especially in the circles of Diema and Nioro du Sahel, is to study the local socio-political landscape from the local governance conflicts due to the management of the community development equipment, the decentralized cooperation and local development programs. It is also about how to find in the African past of fertilizing elements that promote relevant decentralization process adapted to our progress and rview holders.

is thesis deals with the new approach to solving the usage of the urban places located at the current build-up area of the block of flats. On experiences from long-term processing of concrete designs there are introduced principles and fundamentals for the regeneration of public places at block of flats, including new structure of functional areas. These principles and fundamentals will serve as the methodical aid for the public service, self-government and for the designers conversant with regeneration of public places.