Uppsatsen är en delvis rättsdogmatisk, delvis rättssociologisk studie av hur institutet barnets vilja är reglerat i gällande rätt och tillämpningen av densamma.

Den aktuella studien har som syfte att visa på hur barn synliggörs samt i vilken grad de ges möjlighet till delaktighet i LVU-förhandlingar i Förvaltningsrätten i Stockholm. Detta genom en kvalitativ textanalys baserad på samtliga ansökningar från socialnämnd som tagits upp till muntlig förhandling, gällande barn mellan 0-18 år under januari månad 2014. Jag har även använt mig av juridisk metod då jag studerat de olika lagrum som berörs och hur dessa tolkas och även hur dessa påverkar det enskilda barnet. Resultatet visar att barnets inställning utifrån eget eller ombudets perspektiv synliggörs i samtliga utom två av de studerade domarna, dvs. drygt 90% har dokumenterat ett barnperspektiv och eller barnets perspektiv. Dock saknar ca 30% av det studerade materialet formuleringar direkt ur barnets perspektiv. I detta material beskrivs barnet endast ur den vuxnes, ombudets, föräldrarnas, nämndens, perspektiv. I endast ca 40% av de mål där LVU till följd av brister i omsorgen behandlas lyfts barnets inställning i bedömningen. Det finns förbättringsområden för att stärka barnperspektiv samt barnets rätt att deltaga och få möjlighet att komma till tals. Ett av dessa är att det i nuläget saknas krav på att den som arbetar med att företräda barnet genom en process i förvaltningsrätten ska ha särskild barnkompetens.

In this thesis I study children's right to be heard in custody cases. The main purpose is to study the legal situation in Sweden from a European and international perspective. The emphasis given to the child’s right to be heard in cross-border custody cases in EU regulations is studied, in particular with regard to the Brussels II bis Regulation and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, from the perspective that the child is habitually resident in Sweden. Furthermore, I study the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the European Convention on Human Rights, both which are important rights documents in Europe. The CRC is also studied from the perspective that Sweden has incorporated the CRC as a directly applicable Swedish law as of January 1, 2020. I analyze whether Swedish law in practice is in compliance with these regulations. The conclusion is that Swedish law to some extent is, but that certain inconsistencies exist in relation to the requirements set forth in Article 12 of the CRC. In light of the study there appears to be a risk that the primacy of EU law and the principle of mutual trust can put children's rights aside. The legal situation in England, Finland and Norway regarding children's right to be heard in custody cases is studied in order to create a context in which Swedish law can be compared. The aim is to study how well children's right to be heard in custody cases is ensured in Sweden in a European comparison. It appears that the legal situation in Sweden is relatively good but that children’s right to self-determi-nation appears to be more developed in the legislation of Norway and Finland. The thesis shows some areas of improvement in Swedish law. One is the child's right to be heard in cases when the parents are able to agree on custody issues. Another is the child’s right to be heard, contrary to the parents’ wishes and without their consent. Studies show that children's actual right to express their opinion and have it regarded by the court in a custody dispute is not always ensured in practice. The conclusion is that legislative changes, or a more comprehensive consideration of Article 12 of the CRC, could lead to a better implementation in practice of the right of children to express their views and have them regarded in custody disputes.

Nyckelord: asylsökande barn, barnperspektiv, information, Migrationsverket, rätt att komma till tals. Denna uppsats synliggör asylsökande barns rätt till information och rätt att komma till tals ut-ifrån den teoretiska utgångspunkten barnperspektiv som denna uppsats utgår ifrån. Vilken in-formation barnen har fått ta del av, och om och när barnen får komma till tals på Migrationsverket diskuteras i denna uppsats. Migrationsverket har uppmärksammat att myndigheten inte har riktad information till asylsökande barn. Detta ledde till projektet Riktad information till asylsökande barn startades, för att framställa informationsmaterial till asylsökande barn. Pedagogiskt informationsmaterial ska även skapas till vuxna omkring barnen. För att få en bra grund gällande vilka ämnen som bör behandlas i kommande informationsmaterial har jag genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer och enkäter där datainsamling har skett med asylsökande familjer, ensamkommande barn, lärare och mottagningshandläggare. Teman som efterfrågades i kommande informationsmaterial var bland annat, asylprocessen, rättigheter och skyldigheter, bidrag, fritidssysselsättning och vart stöd och hjälp kan fås. Tankar gällande hur Migrationsverket kan implementera ett barnperspektiv i verksamheten diskuteras även i denna uppsats då arbetet med barn på myndigheten har många brister i dagsläget. / Keyword: asylum seeking children, child perspective, information, Migration Office, right to speech. This thesis reveals asylum seekers' entitlement to information and right to be heard from child perspective which is the theoretical point of view this thesis. What information the children have been given and if and when they get a chance to be heard at the Migration Office is discussed in this thesis. Migration Office has noted that they have no targeted information to asylum-seeking children. The project Aimed information to asylum-seeking children started in order to create information material for asylum-seeking children and adults around the asylum-seeking children. To develop good information, opinions are collected for this thesis through interviews and surveys with asylum seeking families, unaccompanied children, teachers and employees from the Migration Office. Themes that were requested in the upcoming information was, among other things, the asylum process, rights and obligations, grants, recreation and where support can be obtained. Thoughts concerning how the Migration Office can implement a child perspective in the operation are also discussed in this thesis since the work with children at the Migration Office has a lot of deficiencies.

No description available.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur två av barnkonventionens fyra grundläggande principer, nämligen barnets bästa och barnets rätt till delaktighet, tillämpas i asylärenden. Det ingår även i syftet att undersöka ifall det går att urskilja några mönster i bedömningen från före och efter barnkonventionens inkorporering i svensk nationell lagstiftning sedan år 2020. Materialet har omfattats av fem domstolsbeslut, relevanta delar från barnkonventionen och utlänningslagen, samt relevant tidigare forskning som kopplar an väl till uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningar. För att besvara syfte och frågeställningar har en rättsdogmatisk metod valts för att granska de fem domstolsbesluten från Migrationsöverdomstolen och Migrationsdomstolen utifrån gällande rätt. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat har visat på en diskrepans mellan lagstiftning och policydokument med avseende hur barnets bästa och barnets rätt att komma till tals tillämpas i praktiska sammanhang. En slutsats som dras är att genom att belysa frågan från ett MR-perspektiv med en rättsdogmatisk ansats, har detta bidragit till att belysa diskrepansen mellan mer abstrakta lagar och dess tillämpning inom asylärenden. / This paper aims to examine how two of the four fundamental principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, namely the best interests of the child and the child's right to participation, are applied in asylum cases. The objective also includes investigating whether patterns in assessment can be discerned before and after the incorporation of the Convention into Swedish national legislation since 2020. The material encompasses five court decisions, relevant sections from the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Aliens Act, as well as pertinent previous research that aligns well with the purpose and questions of the paper. To address the objectives and questions, a legal dogmatic method has been chosen to scrutinize the five court decisions from the Migration Court of Appeal and the Migration Court based on prevailing law. The main results of the study have revealed a disparity between legislation and policy documents regarding how the best interests of the child and the child's right to participation are applied in practical contexts. A conclusion drawn is that by illuminating the issue from a human rights perspective with a legal dogmatic approach, this has contributed to highlighting the disparity between more abstract laws and their application in asylum cases.

The purpose of this study was to examine how some child welfare case workers say they go about to give children in foster homes the opportunity to be heard. The idea was also to examine how much weight is given to the children’s views and if the respondents believe that the childrens right to be heard has improved over the time they have been working with foster children and if so, how? The study was conducted by using qualitative research method and the analysis of the results was made using Shier’s model of childrens participation. The results have also been tied to previous research in the area. The conclusions of this study was that according to the respondents it’s important that they get to know the children well so that the children can have confidence enough to speak their minds. They feel it is important that the children are listened to and the childrens views also have some influence in decision-making. The respondents also believe that the opportunities for the children to express their opinions have strengthened in recent years.

The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the extent to which the child's will is given in Swedish courts' overall assessments of the best interests of the child in disputes on custody, resident and visitation (VBU). 18 District Court judgments have been collected from the database Zeteo via court judgments from Sweden's six Courts of Appeal. Based on a qualitative research effort, a content analysis was conducted on the judgments. The content analysis resulted in the following three categories being identified: The court judges according to the expressed will of the child, The court judges against the expressed will of the child, and The will of the child was omitted in the district court's assessment. The results were mainly analyzed based on childhood sociological perspectives, Hart’s ladder of participation and family law regulations. The theoretical framework was used to illustrate how the child was presented and socially constructed, and what impact this had on the space the child's will was given in the court's assessments of the best interests of the child. This was then reflected in the prevailing laws. The results of the study showed that the child's will appeared in about half of the cases, and that the court judged according to the will of the child in less than one third of them. The study also showed that the court tended to question the authenticity of the will of the children whose wishes did not comply with what the court considered to be the best interests of the child. In the majority of the cases where the children’s will were not given any room in the judgment, the court generally gave no reasons why the will was not reported.

No description available.

In 2020, approximately 6900 children in Sweden were relevant for investigation of custody disputes. During the same year, 1802 court decisions were enforced regarding supervision by a contact person. Previous research has shown that children often have a lack of participation and opportunity to influence in these cases. It has also shown that parental rights and the child´s need for protection often outweigh the child´s expressed will. The aim of this study was to investigate children´s participation in the district court´s judgments regarding supervision by a contact person. What an impact the child´s will have and how factors such as age, risks and their best interest affect children´s ability to be involved. Through a qualitative content analysis, nine judgments from various district courts in Sweden during 2018-2021 have been selected. The material was then analyzed with the help of social constructivist theory and Roger Hart´s ladder of participation. The study shows that in six out of nine judgments, children are involved based on different levels and that 44% of the judgments are in accordance with the child´s expressed will. However, it has been difficult to read out how the child´s will has actually had a bearing on the verdict. The result also shows that factors such as age, risks and the best interests of the child affects the child´s ability to participate. In cases where the district court has not reported the child´s will or participation, no explanation or clarification is given as to why it is so.