Bakgrund: Padeltennis, en sport som på kort tid ökat explosionsartat i Sverige och lockat till sig många utövare- unga som gamla, tränade som otränade, kvinnor som män. Att börja med en ny sport kan innebära nya påfrestningar på kroppen, däribland många repetitiva slag som kan leda till överbelastningsskador samt akuta skador som det visat sig i studier för idrottare. Målet med denna studie är att öka kunskapen för det skadeförebyggande arbetet samt rehabiliteringsprocessen för denna målgrupp. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka skadepanorama samt identifiera de främst förekommande skadelokalisationerna inom padeltennis för att kartlägga och analysera skadorna i förhållande till kön, ålder och nivå hos padeltennisspelare. Metod: En kvantitativ kunskapsansats med retrospektiv design valdes. Insamlingen av data skedde genom delning av en egenutformad digital enkät både genom sociala medier samt padelhallar runt om i landet. Resultat: 610 personer deltog i studien varpå 56,5% uppgav att de haft en skada till följd av padelspel det senaste året. Den kroppsdel som varit mest utsatt för överbelastningsskador var armbåge medan fot/fotled hade flest akuta skador. Analys av skadefrekvensen visade ingen märkbar skillnad bland könen, däremot hade de äldre åldersgrupperna samt de högre spelarnivåerna något större skadefrekvens. Konklusion: Denna studie kan ses som ett första steg för ett skadeförebyggande arbete inom padel. Likt andra studier visar denna att skador inom padel förekommer, dock behövs det fler standardiserade studier inom ämnet för att lättare jämföra resultat av framtida undersökningar.

A l'instar des autres métropoles subsahariennes, Abidjan traverse une crise multiforme. Elle se traduit, entre autres, par une croissance urbaine accélérée, par une réduction des emplois modernes et, par voie de conséquence, par un renforcement des activités de l'informel, le tout dans un contexte d'affaiblissement de l'Etat et de son administration. Comme tous les secteurs socio-économiques, celui des transports n'a pas été épargné par cette crise. L'extension spatiale rapide conjuguée à la pression démographique et les changements des principes gestionnaires ont influé sur le système de transport collectif. Ces facteurs ont entraîné l'essor du secteur privé populaire : woro-woro et gbaka. L'initiative privée pallie l'insuffisance d'Etat régulateur et a ouvert la porte à diverses pratiques illicites comme la corruption et le racket dans le secteur. Les transports populaires constituent un secteur pourvoyeur d'emplois. Leur dynamique a permis une certaine amélioration du transport urbain local. En revanche, elle pose un certain nombre de problèmes urbanistiques et gestionnaires. Les rues, les trottoirs et les carrefours sont détournés de leur fonction circulatoire au profit d'une émergence de gares spontanées. Les recettes générées constituent une manne financière pour les acteurs, l'Etat et les collectivités locales peu efficaces à réguler ces activités sur le territoire urbain

Submitted by NATHALIA MUYLAERT LOCKS GUIMARÃES (nathalia.m.locks@gmail.com) on 2016-12-12T22:30:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 guimaraes-nml-tese-doutorado.pdf: 650426 bytes, checksum: 814e8d24742e1cd97b7d40614dc9956d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-15T15:37:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 locks_nm_dr_arafcl.pdf: 650426 bytes, checksum: 814e8d24742e1cd97b7d40614dc9956d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T15:37:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 locks_nm_dr_arafcl.pdf: 650426 bytes, checksum: 814e8d24742e1cd97b7d40614dc9956d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Objetivo dessa tese foi a de criar um protótipo de tese virtual, que esteja de acordo com as novas formas de produção de conteúdo. A criação desse protótipo, que nada mais é do que a transposição de uma tese escrita para a forma de blog permite que a Universidade se aproprie do espaço Web, uma vez que a Universidade tem perdido o seu papel enquanto instituição de formação. Em uma época de excesso de informação, onde usuários comuns se apropriam da liberdade de criar conteúdo, filtrar informação necessária se torna um problema. Humberto Eco, em um texto sobre o papel das universidades, frente ao fenômeno do mídia mass, diz que é “preciso inventar, e difundir, uma nova arte da depuração”, o que esse protótipo se objetiva a ser. É por isso, que chamamos a tese como obra de arte, pois o papel, o texto, a norma precisou ser reinventada para seja possível a apropriação do espaço da world wide web. Em seguida, reforço o argumento da reprodutibilidade técnica, incitando o leitor a conduzir a realizar sua própria mediação de maneira imanente. Desse modo, a paródia do texto de Walter Benjamim A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica, parodiado como: A tese como obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica; crítica, de forma não discursiva, as normas da abnt, aliando o problema da quantidade no lugar de qualidade a sua forma de exposição e compilação de dados. Nesse sentido, a nota de rodapé, a citação, entre outras normas da abnt são pensadas em uma dimensão virtual. Número de páginas se tornam desnecessários, quando é possível instalar uma ferramenta (plugin1) de busca. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa se apresenta da seguinte forma: 1) Tese Virtual e Crítica a abnt: Onde apresenta-se a metodologia que foi apresentada pela versão 1.02 (Versão impressa, e transmidiática, transitando entre a informação do papel e os conteúdos virtuais através de QR-codes, entregue a banca) Seguido, da apresentação do protótipo virtual (versão 2.0) finalizado, no dia da defesa em 9 de junho de 2016. E da elaboração do manual da tese como obra nas normas da abnt (versão 2.1) para depósito na biblioteca da Universidade. 2) Produção de conteúdo próprio: Onde se aplica a metodologia da tese como obra na produção de conteúdo inovador, desenvolvido aqui como Teoria Crítica do Racket considerando como base de desenvolvimento, a concepção ideológica de Software Livre (creative commons e copyleft ) e a Crítica a Teoria Crítica e a Teoria Tradicional / The objective of this thesis was to create a virtual prototype thesis, which is in accordance with the new forms of content production. The creation of this prototype, which is nothing more than the implementation of a written thesis in the form of blog, allows the University to appropriate web space, since the University has lost its role as a training institution. In an age of information overload, where ordinary users appropriated the freedom to create content filter through necessary information becomes a problem. Umberto Eco, in a text on the role of universities, compared to the mass media phenomenon, says it is "necessary to invent, and impart a new art clearance", which this prototype is to be objective. That's why we call the thesis as a work of art, for the paper, the text, the standard needed to be reinvented for possible ownership of the world wide web space. Then reinforcing the technical reproducibility of the argument, urging the reader to lead to carry out its own mediation immanent way. Thus, the parody of text Walter Benjamin The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936), parodied as The thesis as a work of art in the age of technical reproducibility; critical, not discursive form, the norms of abnt, combining the problem of quantity instead of quality to their way of exposure and data compilation. In this sense, the footnote, citation, among other standards abnt are thought in a virtual dimension. Number of pages become unnecessary when you can install a tool search. Thus, this study presents the following manner: 1) Thesis Virtual and Critique of abnt: Where has the methodology that was presented by version 1.02 (printed version, and transmedia, moving between the role of information and virtual content via QR-codes). Followed, the presentation of the virtual prototype (version 2.0) finalized on defense on June 9, 2016. And the preparation of the thesis manual work written accordly the rules of ABNT (version 2.1) to deposit in the library of the University. 2) Own content production: Where to apply the methodology of the thesis as work in the production of innovative content developed here as Critical Theory of Racket considering as the basis of development, the Free Software ideological conception (creative commons and copyleft) and Critical to the Critical Theory and the Traditional Theory by Frankfurt School. / CAPES: 905799

The following is a meta-commentary of the article, “Marriage and the City: Fatal Displacement in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote,” co-authored by Dr. Anca Mitroi Sprenger and myself, Laurel Cummins. The article will soon be submitted for publication, and this commentary contains an annotated bibliography of all our primary and secondary sources as well as an account of the origin of the argument and the process of writing the article. Our article is based upon an analysis of La Maison du chat-qui-pelote, a story authored by Honoré de Balzac within his seminal collection La Comédie humaine. In the article, we analyze the theme of fatal displacement in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote as an allegory of the repressions of nineteenth-century modernity. The theme is presented through the tumultuous marriage of the bourgeois protagonist, Augustine Guillaume, to the aristocrat artist, Théodore de Sommervieux, and through Augustine's literal movement within the city of Paris that ensues after their marriage (from her home, the Chat-qui-Pelote, to her husband's home, her attempted return to the Chat-qui-Pelote, and her visit to her husband's mistress). We demonstrate that these displacements are not only the source of Augustine's premature death but are emblematic of the perishing past in a post-revolutionary, modern Paris. Our development of this conclusion comes through a close analysis of the principal text itself as well as of the literal and figurative displacements that occur throughout to the main character, Augustine. In studying these displacements, we consider not only the social structures and institutions at the time of the novel but the detailed images of the past that anchor Augustine in traditions that do not let her transition into modernity. We examine the portrayal of marriage in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote as it coincides to the ideals of marriage in pre and post-Revolution periods. We likewise consider the various geographical areas (as pinpointed by specific roads provided by the author) as a way of understanding the historical background and the effect of displacement from various areas of Paris to others. The title of the story (which references the sign outside of the protagonist's house), the Chat-qui-Pelote, also offers rich symbolism that, when deciphered, substantiates our claim that this story goes far beyond an unfortunate marriage caused by class disparity. Instead, Augustine's trajectory in the story, she being the human embodiment and relic of ancient French traditions, alludes to a foundational inability for past ways of French life to survive in modernity.

D’abord sur une échelle réduite puis sur une large échelle la contrebande du kpayo, essence et produits pétroliers occupent aujourd’hui un nombre de plus en plus grand de vendeurs, on estime que 100 000 personnes sont impliquées dans ce trafic du Nigeria au Bénin. Il revêt plusieurs aspects selon qu’il emprunte la route maritime, le fleuve ou la route. Ce transport génère un grand nombre de petits métiers que nous évoquons dans la thèse qu’il s’agisse d’apporter les bidons sur la plage, de transformer les scooters ou les camions. Plus que tout, cette activité suppose aussi un réseau souvent d’origine familiale, mais aussi des accointances avec du personnel des emplois régaliens de la République. Les recherches empiriques réalisées sur des territoires aussi variés et circonscrits que peuvent l’être une station-service, un village lacustre, un marché frontalier, un débarcadère, un entrepôt ont permis d’appréhender les conditions d’approvisionnement des contrebandiers, identifier les modalités d’acheminement des produits pétroliers vers le Bénin, saisir les stratégies de contournement des contrebandiers et les risques encourus tout au long de leur trajet, examiner les interactions entre les transporteurs et les forces de l’ordre à l’occasion du passage des barrières de contrôle, apprécier l’animation des marchés et enfin cerner le rôle des différents acteurs en présence. L’analyse des réseaux marchands, des parcours biographiques, des stratégies d’acteurs, des logiques d’accumulation et des rapports de l’économie informelle à la loi situe cette recherche au croisement de l’anthropologie économique, de la géographie du commerce, de la sociologie de la précarité, et de la sociologie politique. / First of all on a small scale, then further along, on a much larger scale, the kpayo trade which means smuggling of gas and other oil products from Nigeria to Bénin, depend on almost 100 000 persons living on this sale activity. This trade might be quite different if gas transported by means of ships on the sea, by the river, or by scooters or trucks on the road. This kind of informal trade gives way to different kinds of odd jobs we mention in the PHD: bringing the jerrycans to the beach, reshaping scooters and trucks in a garage. Most of all this illicit activity needs some kind of a kinship network and political pull among the police and customs officers of the Republic. Empirical research has been done in different fields such as a gas station, a seaside village, a market on the country border, a landing stage, a warehouse, it led to the comprehension of the way smugglers are supplied. I was thus able to understand the process by which gas was transported from Nigeria to the Republic of Bénin, and see all the byways the smugglers are used to take, and the risks taken all along the journey. I examined the interaction process between the racketeers and the police when they passed a checkpoint; see how the markets were busy, and last managed to see how the the different roles of subjects interact. The racketeers networks analysis, life stories, different action strategies, the way they accumulate and the study of informal economy related to law contribute in this PhD to an essay in economic- anthropology with geographic standpoints, and a sociological analysis of precarious lives and Big Shots.

Syftet med att mäta vibrationer och rekyler i ett padelrack i detta arbete är att utveckla en prototyp som kan användas som träningsredskap för att minska risken för skador. En vanlig skada som drabbar padelspelare är tennisarmbåge, som enligt studier tros uppkomma genom upprepad exponering av mikrotrauman som vibrationer och rekyler. Genom att utföra en litteraturstudie i ämnet har systemkrav för ett sensorbaserat system definierats. Systemet som mäter vibrationer och rekyler har monterats i handtaget på padelracket. Två olika testmiljöer har utvecklats för att möjliggöra kontrollerade tester. För att identifiera och analysera slag använder systemet frekvensanalyser, korrelationstester och positionsförändring. Vid utveckling av metoden för identifiering av träffpunkt delades racket upp i fem olika zoner. Resultatet indikerar att träffar i två av zonerna ger upphov till mindre mängd vibrationer jämfört med de övriga zonerna. Resultatet för identifiering av träffzon varierar mellan testmiljöerna och enbart identifiering av en zon kan anses vara fungerande i båda fallen. Systemet identifierade träffzonen korrekt i 18 av 25 slag i den ena testmiljön och 9 av 25 i den andra. För att förbättra identifieringen av träffzon behövs flera analyser och korrelationtester utformas. En slutsats för det här examensarbetet är att det här arbetet kan användas som grund för vidare utveckling av ett sensorbaserat system för att identifiera träffzonen och kvantifiera vibrationer i ett padelrack. / The purpose of measuring vibrations and recoils in a padel racket in this thesis is to develop a prototype that can be used as a training equipment to reduce the risk of injury. A common injury for padel players is tennis elbow, studies show that the cause of this injury are microtraumas from vibrations and recoils. Through a literature study in the subject, system demands for a sensor-based system have been defined. The system that has been used to measure vibrations and recoils have been attached to the bottom of the handle on the padel racket. To achieve controlled tests two different test environments have been developed. To identify and analyze impacts the system utilizes frequency analysis, correlation tests and displacement tracking. For identification of the impact area the racket was divided into five zones. The result indicates, that two of the impact zones generate less vibrations than the others. The result also shows that identification of impact zone varies between the test environments and that only the sweet spot can be identified in both cases. The system identified the impact zone correctly in 18 out of 25 strokes in one test environment and 9 out of 25 in the other. To further improve the methods for identification of the impact zone more analyses and correlations tests are required. One conclusion for this thesis is that it can be used as a platform for further development of a sensor-based system that can correctly identify impacts in all zones and quantify the resulting vibrations.

Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l’un « déterministe » et l’autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d’une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d’utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d’une part ne s’arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d’autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d’interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social. / Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital.

Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l’un « déterministe » et l’autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d’une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d’utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d’une part ne s’arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d’autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d’interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social. / Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital.