We examined small-displacement faults in the Jurassic Entrada Sandstone adjacent to the Iron Wash Fault, central Utah east of the San Rafael Swell, in order to describe the nature and timing of past fluid movement and deformation in the Entrada Sandstone. Using field studies, microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, we identified mineralized fractures and cementation features in association with deformation bands and fractures at the interface of the Earthy and Slick Rock Members of the Entrada Sandstone. Where the faults cross the Earthy-Slick Rock Member interface, deformation band faults in the Slick Rock Member become opening-mode fractures in the Earthy Member. These fractures are frequently mineralized with calcite, and goethite pseudomorphs after pyrite, providing evidence of at least two phases of fluid flow from the Entrada reservoir into the caprock in connection with deformation bands. We also observe mineralized fractures, poikilotopic cementation, and spherical to elongate concretions on and within deformation band fins in the Slick Rock Member. These features indicate the presence and movement of fluids parallel to and between deformation band fins. At some sites, deformation band faults and fractures cross and offset the interface; at others, they are present in both units, but deformation band faults do not cross the interface and fractures are not directly connected to any bands. Mineralized fractures are only found at breached-interface sites; evidence for fluid flow in the Slick Rock Member is only found in deformation band fins. Interface crossing and fracture formation is not related to proximity to the Iron Wash Fault. We propose that mesoscale faults can act as seal bypass systems and allow fluid leakage from reservoir rock into overlying less permeable rocks. Deformation bands act as both conduits for and barriers to flow, seen most clearly in deformation band fins where iron staining and mineralization is constrained between sets of bands within the fin. In CO2 or wastewater injection scenarios, interface deformation may prevent successful fluid trapping and cause re-emission of injected fluids.

Suspended-load rivers are subject to rapid geomorphic changes. In particular during the Holocene Epoch, arroyos of the Colorado Plateau experienced several periods of rapid erosion and aggradation. The most recent period of entrenchment occurred around the turn of the 20th century. The mechanisms responsible for the modern period of aggradation that has followed the most recent period of entrenchment have not been well documented. The research presented in this thesis reveals the mechanisms responsible for modern alluviation of the San Rafael River, which drains the Colorado Plateau The lower 87 km of the San Rafael River, which enters the Green River south of the town of Green River, UT has experienced rapid geomorphic changes during the last 100 years. To quantify these changes, we used a complement of temporally precise and spatially robust methods. By understanding the rates, magnitudes and types of geomorphic changes, we could then identify the mechanisms of these channel changes. The San Rafael River narrowed by 83% between 1938 and 2009 and the floodplain aggraded 1.0 to 2.5 m. Channel narrowing was caused by a reduction in the transport capacity of the river, and was accelerated by the establishment of vegetation, including the non-native tamarisk shrub, on active channel surfaces and the floodplain. Significant water withdrawals during the 20th century have primarily been responsible for the reduction in transport capacity by decreasing the magnitude and duration of the annual snowmelt flood. During this time period, monsoon floods continued to deliver large quantities of fine sediment to the channel. During the 20th century, the channel bed incised in one segment and aggraded in five segments. The two periods of incision that we documented were related to human modifications of the channel and floodplain. With the knowledge of the physical processes that have been responsible for the channel changes in the San Rafael River, prediction of future channel conditions can then be made. The changes to the physical template of the San Rafael River have implications for the management of three endemic fish – the roundtail chub (Gila robusta robusta), the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), and the flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) – which currently utilize the study area.

In 1911, the Uruguayan Parliament approved a law of mandatory smallpox vaccination. It was a controversial measure that generated a strong anti-vaccination campaign, led by the naturist movement. Embracing a transcendental understanding of nature, they saw vaccines and surgeries as a threat to the natural balance between body and soul. In this dissertation, I study how Uruguayan naturists positioned themselves as a secular alternative to science that combined reason and spirituality, and I show how they had a documented impact on the local political and scientific culture. By focusing on a country with a distinct anti-clerical tradition, I bring to the fore how apparently contradictory phenomena like secularity and spirituality overlap. The spirituality imbricated in their idea of nature, I conclude, resulted in conservative political gestures, even within progressive movements. Among many other things, they embraced a language of purity and sacredness around the body, both human and animal, that led them to the opposition to vaccinations, surgeries and meat consumption, which they regarded as violent moral transgressions. The influence of naturism in the country has not yet been sufficiently considered, and my research presents a first approach to a central aspect of the intellectual life of the period. Besides being a popular movement, it influenced key political, scientific and cultural figures, who, in turn, shaped laws, scientific policies and the elite’s understanding of science and its possibilities. To demonstrate this, through a cultural studies perspective, and in dialogue with science and technology studies and medical humanities, I do close-readings of an unexplored archive of naturist and theosophist periodicals, pamphlets and books published in the first two decades of the 20th century. I also study more well-known anarchist publications and philosophical works by prestigious medical doctors, such as Mateo Legnani (1884-1964), and Carlos Santín Rossi (1884-1936), both close to naturism, focusing on how they also represent an alternative body of knowledge where scientific thought and spirituality coalesce. I conclude by studying essays by the Spanish-Paraguayan writer Rafael Barrett (1876-1910), who debated with the Uruguayan naturists and wrote illuminating pieces on the issue. To this end, I structure the dissertation in three chapters. In the first one, I discuss the political impact of naturism and argue that the movement’s opposition to the 1911 law of compulsory smallpox vaccination highlighted the Government's tendency to subordinate individual freedoms, a fundamental principle of the newly formed liberal state, to what they saw as the common good, which contradicted the Government’s modernizing discourse and agenda. Moreover, naturists formulated some well-founded systematic critiques of the political values imbricated in academic medicine. By pointing this out, I challenge the opposition between them and university trained physicians, the latter historically represented as defenders of science and reason, and the former as religious fanatics. Indeed, the public health paradigm adopted by medical authorities appealed to nature in a very similar way than naturists did. Several renowned medical doctors, some of them parliamentary representatives, without openly identifying themselves as such made direct references to naturists’ precepts in their books and in public documents, including law bills. The second chapter revolves around the vision of science developed by naturism and its political and epistemological implications; there, I argue that while naturists amplified the metaphysical elements present in the history of medicine, from vitalism to Neo-Hippocratism and romanticism, such spiritual views remained compatible with the anticlericalism that characterized the Uruguayan society. I study two iterations of the movement that represent different understandings of science and that reveal specific political and philosophical tensions present in Uruguayan society. One of them, led by Antonio Valeta (1882-1945), proposed an accessible version of science, highlighting the autonomy of the individual. He appealed to values of freedom and personal effort that were part of the liberal imaginary and came into tension with the centrality of the state and its reformist agenda. The second one was developed by Fernando Carbonell (1880-1947), a member of the Theosophical Society and other esoteric groups. His vision was informed by a sophisticated system of beliefs, composed of mystical and conceptually dense metaphysical, ethical and aesthetic teachings that led to valid epistemological criticisms to the model of laboratory science that was being embraced by the authorities. In the third and final chapter, elaborating on the fact that naturists and other groups across the political spectrum mobilized a secular spirituality inherent to the idea of nature, I posit that this led to conservative political positions, even within progressive movements and individuals that were attracted to naturist precepts. Indeed, naturism explicitly opposed actions that could be considered revolutionary in favor of a gradual evolutionism, appealing to the same principle of non-violence embraced in their vegetarianism. In turn, they elevated the philosophical and metaphysical purity of the defense of the life of all beings above the actual living conditions of people and human suffering, romanticizing poverty and illiteracy as states closer to nature. To conclude, my dissertation brings attention to the diversity of belief systems and values still at stake in the present-day scientific landscape. Current iterations of naturism, as illustrated by the anti-vaccination movement both in Uruguay and internationally, resort to claims and arguments eerily similar to those developed more than 100 years ago in Montevideo and other parts of the world. Now, as they did in the past, activists advocate for individual freedom and against the intervention of foreign substances that alter the natural balance of their bodies. Moreover, within the context of the coronavirus pandemic, scientific discussions are taking over the public sphere in an unprecedented way, echoing past dynamics where public figures denounced scientists as biased and despotic elitists who wanted to subject the people to their arbitrary regulations.

This work is an analysis of criticism of the dictatorial regime of Rafael Trujillo in articles, letters, speeches and lectures produced by Juan Bosch during the period of dictatorship, that is in the period 1930-1961. Its aim is to show which manifestations of the regime were criticized by Bosch and for what reason or what purpose the author observed with his criticism. In the theoretical part of this work, attention is paid to the historical issues of dominican politics and economics and the elements that influenced the dictatorship as well as the analysis of Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship in Dominican Republic and the basic pillars of its functioning in political, economic, social and ideological sphere (the functioning of the regime, the monopolization of economic life, the introduction of social reforms, anti-Communist and anti-Haitian attitudes) as well as various forms of oppression and censorship; these aspects were criticized by Bosch. In the analysis of texts by Juan Bosch, some space is also dedicated to the author's interpretation of the dictatorship contained in the larger texts. Many analyzed articles from that period relate to the resistance activity of the dominican exile, so space is also devoted to the description of its political and propagandistic activities in exile associated...

Esta tese investiga o vínculo entre o signo mar, o exercício da memória e o trabalho com a palavra na poesia escrita por Rafael Alberti (1902-1999) durante seu exílio na Argentina e no Uruguai (1940-1963). Trata-se de um conjunto que chama a atenção pelo processo de escritura praticamente simultâneo, o qual, embora compartilhe motivos e problemas, apresenta uma grande diferença formal. A variação também sugere que o movimento é, efetivamente, um traço constitutivo da voz poética albertiana. Em meio a esse canteiro de obras, aparece Retornos de lo vivo lejano, cujos quarenta e cinco poemas se intitulam retornos, dando corpo a uma nova forma criada pelo poeta. O movimento de retorno não é só a atitude de um sujeito que revisita o passado, mas a escolha da nostalgia como perspectiva crítica sobre a história, postura a partir da qual se constrói uma poesia (do) possível. Propomos um percurso analítico que se inicia com Marinero en tierra, obra de estreia do poeta, de 1925, em que se lançam as bases da relação triádica entre mar, memória e poesia. Retornos de lo vivo lejano será tomado como um ponto de inflexão da trajetória de Rafael Alberti por permitir pensar a um só tempo o vínculo com o signo mais presente em sua obra, o mar, seu compromisso (po)ético com o exercício da memória, e sua concepção do trabalho poético. / The present thesis investigates how the sign \"sea\", the exercise of memory and the poetic work connects in the poetry written by Rafael Alberti (1902-1999) during his exile in Argentina and Uruguay (1940-1963). Due to its almost simultaneous writing process and similar issues, this set of books is remarkable. At the same time, they present formal differences, which suggests the movement is, in fact, a constitutive characteristic of Alberti\'s poetic voice. In this worksite, we found Retornos de lo vivo lejano, in which all the forty-five poems are titled \"retornos\", the new form the poet creates. It claims the return movement is not only an attitude of revisiting the past, but it means the poet assumes nostalgia as a critical perspective over history, from which he builds up his poetry of the possible. We propose an analitical path that begins in Marinero en tierra, Alberti\'s first book (1925), because it contains the foundation of the triad sea-memory-poetry. Retornos de lo vivo lejano will be considered as an inflection point of Alberti\'s itinerary, as it allows us to think the poet\'s bond with the greatest sign of his poetry, the sea, his (po)ethical commitment to the exercise of memory, and his conception of the poetic work.

[pt] O sagrado refere-se ao que está relacionado ao divino, ao culto. As imagens também fazem parte do universo do sagrado. Durante a Idade Média e no movimento do Renascimento, o simbolismo que a religiosidade representa exerce significativa força no cotidiano. No movimento renascentista, a produção de imagens religiosas se intensificou, esse aumento indica uma intencionalidade da religião predominante no período. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar as relações do mecenato da Igreja Católica em relação à duas pinturas produzidas pelo pintor Rafael Sanzio, do renascimento italiano. A força, a subjetividade, a potência de afetação são alguns dos elementos presentes nas imagens com a temática religiosa que precisam ser considerados como fundamentais para a compreensão da representação, funcionalidade e intenção das imagens. / [en] The sacred refers to what is related to the divine, to worship. The images are also part of the universe of the sacred. During the Middle Age and in the Renaissance movement, the symbolism that religiosity represents exerts significant force in everyday life. In the Renaissance movement, the production of religious images intensified and the increase indicates an intentionality of the predominant religion in that period. This work proposes to analyze the relations between the patronage of the Catholic Church and two paintings by the painter Rafael Sanzio, which was an artist of the Italian renaissance. The strength, subjectivity and power are some of the elements presented in the images with the religious theme, which must be considered as fundamental for the understanding of the representation, functionality and intention of the images.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, den Wert der nonverbalen Ausdrucksmittel für einen erfolgreichen Kommunikationsverlauf zu verdeutlichen und aufzuzeigen, welche Rolle Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie in der nonverbalen Kommunikation spielen und in welchem Maße sie eine Interaktion beeinflussen können. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand fungiert das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado, wobei der Fokus auf den Faktoren Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie und deren Ausdruck in der nonverbalen Kommunikation liegt. Die Durchführung der Untersuchung erfolgt anhand des medial inszenierten Abbildes von Rafael Correa, das ihn in einer diskursiven Beziehung darstellt, d.h. Aufzeichnungen politischer Debatten und Interviews, die auf internationaler Ebene stattgefunden haben. Bei der Auswahl des Untersuchungsgegenstandes wird Wert auf Verschiedenheit der Konstellationen der Interaktionspartner (Status und Geschlecht) gelegt, um einen Vergleich des nonverbalen Verhaltens zu ermöglichen. Es ergeben sich für die vorliegende Arbeit folgende Hauptfragen, die es mit Hilfe der Untersuchung zu beantworten gilt: Inwieweit spiegelt das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion seine soziale Hierarchie wider und weist geschlechtsspezifische Züge auf? Variiert je nach sozialer Hierarchie und Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion? Im Rahmen dieser Fragestellung ergeben sich ferner folgende Nebenfragen: In welcher Beziehung steht das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa zum verbalen Verhalten? Harmonieren diese zwei Ebenen miteinander, ergänzen sie sich oder widersprechen sie sich? Inwieweit zeigt sich die kulturelle Prägung im nonverbalen Verhalten Rafael Correas? Die Auswertung des nonverbalen Verhaltens Rafael Correas in asymmetrischer und in symmetrischer Beziehung macht deutlich, dass sowohl das Geschlecht als auch die soziale Hierarchie der Interaktionspartner Einfluss auf den Charakter und den möglichen Verlauf einer Interaktion nehmen. Anhand des Vergleichs des nonverbalen Verhaltens Correas in verschiedenen Konstellationen wird deutlich, dass das nonverbale Verhalten des Präsidenten von der sozialen Hierarchie und dem Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner nicht abhängig ist und somit nicht variiert. Die verbale und nonverbale Ebene ergänzen sich und weisen keine Widersprüchlichkeit auf. Es sind nur wenige kulturspezifische Verhaltensweisen des Präsidenten zu beobachten.

Au travers de cette recherche, nous nous sommes attachée à analyser la dimension narrative des scénarii, en nous penchant plus spécifiquement sur le travail de Rafael Azcona (1926-2008), auteur de comédies pour le cinémaet la télévision. Parce qu’il a créé et exploité à l'écran un univers personnel et aisément identifiable pour les spectateurs, ce scénariste est considéré, en Espagne au moins, comme un auteur au sens plein.Notre objectif est comprendre comment un style caractéristique a pu survivre à Rafael Azcona, alors même que son texte se dissolvait peu à peu dans tout le processus de la construction d’une oeuvre audiovisuelle. Ce travail analytique est d’autant plus délicat que nous devons également tenir compte du fait qu'il a collaboré avec des cinéastes aux mondes très personnels comme Marco Ferreri, Carlos Saura ou Luis García Berlanga.La principale difficulté rencontrée face au travail de Rafael Azcona était de savoir quel est le scénario original d'un film. Celui qui a été écrit avant que le tournage ne commence ? Celui qui a été modifié durant le tournage? Celui qui a été publié une fois le film projeté dans les salles ? Celui qui a été apprécié par le public ? Ce qui nous amène à poser, une question fondamentale : le scénario a-t-il des lecteurs ou des spectateurs ? Il est important, en effet, de ne pas oublier le poids des aspects socio-économiques de la filière cinématographique dans l’appréhension du travail scénaristique.Dans la mesure où un scénario, dans son format, sa structure et sa conception, n’attend en général pas un lecteur, mais une caméra pour être filmé, nous avons donc décidé de nous confronter au scénario à partir d’une perspective qui prenne en compte la construction spatiale d'une histoire, c’est-à-dire un élément habituellement attribué aux architectes d'images que doivent être le réalisateur et le monteur. L'importance que l'oeuvre d'Azcona donne aux lieux où se déroule l'histoire, la relation spéciale entre le personnage et l'espace, et la thématique omniprésente de la recherche d'intimité, nous invitent à questionner en profondeur le rôle de l'espace dans laconstruction de ses histoires.À travers ces pages nous cherchons à montrer comment le scénariste Rafael Azcona, qui savait que le scénario n'était pas écrit pour être lu mais pour être vu après dans un écran, s'est préoccupé de décrire et déconstruire minutieusement la caractéristique la plus strictement cinématographique: l'espace, cette réalité dont le cinéma ne peut jamais se détacher. / This study analyses the narrative dimension of screenplays, focusing primarily on the work of Rafael Azcona(1926-2008), comedy writer for cinema and television. Due to the fact that he created and developed on the screen apersonal universe that is easily identifiable by the audience, in Spain at least, this screenwriter is considered to be atrue auteur.Our primary objective is to understand how Rafael Azcona’s characteristic style could survive even when histext dissolved little by little in the entire process of constructing an audio-visual work. The analytic work is madeeven more delicate by the fact that we must take into account his collaboration with filmmakers that had their ownvery personal universes, such as Marco Ferreri, Carlos Saura, or Luis Garcia Berlanga.The main difficulty encountered with regard to Rafael Azcona’s work was finding out which was the originalscreenplay of the film. The one written before the start of filming? The one modified during filming? The onepublished once the film was shown in cinemas? The one liked by the audience? Which brought us to a fundamentalquestion: does the screenplay belong to the readers or to those who watch? It is, in fact, important to remember theweight of socio-economic aspects in the film industry when trying to understand screenwriting.Given that a screenplay, due to its structure and form, doesn't generally wish for a reader, but for a camera, tobe filmed, we have decided to look at the scenario from the point of view of the spatial construction of a story, thatis, an element usually attributed to image architects, such as the director and the editor. The importance given byAzcona’s work to the locations where the story takes place, the special relationship between character and space, andthe ubiquitous theme of the search for intimacy invite us to explore in depth the role played by space in theconstruction of the story.In this study, we try to show how the screenwriter Rafael Azcona, who knew that the screenplay wasn’twritten to be read, but to be seen later on a screen, put great effort into describing and constructing in great detailthe most cinematic of characteristics: space, that reality which cinema can never leave.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Menon.pdf: 820555 bytes, checksum: 4cfee65cc4fed8b0a87498354303a455 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-24 / The objective of this work is to contribute to the analysis of articulation between social movements and the Correa government in Ecuador from 2007 to 2012. The largest share of the state in controlling the oil sector, the challenge of considerable public debt (internal and external), the criticism of the dollarization of the economy, foreign policy alignment with the Bolivarian bloc, the proclamation of a new constitution that institutionalizes new rights, including indigenous communities - here are some aspects of that government.. In any country, changes of this magnitude are not due to the characteristics of a demiurgic government, however important the performance of this. Here we want to emphasize that these advances was also determined by intense struggle, with many advances and retreats, times of expansion and contraction of social movements in Ecuador. In the mentioned period, the government and social movements, assumed, of different and often contradictory ways, anti-neoliberal positions, which led to a number of significant changes in the social formation. Far from predetermined, the ramifications of this process are open, because there is the active presence of conservative hegemony forces by neoliberalism. These make up a tab of the range of possibilities that goes through the new-developmentalism and extends to policies anti-systemic strong character / O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a análise das relações entre os movimentos sociais indígenas e o governo Rafael Correa, no Equador, entre 2007 e 2012. A maior participação do Estado no controle do setor petrolífero, a contestação de parte considerável da dívida pública (interna e externa), a crítica à dolarização da economia, o alinhamento da política externa com o bloco bolivariano, a proclamação de uma nova constituição que institucionaliza novos direitos fundamentais, inclusive para comunidades indígenas eis alguns aspectos do referido governo. Em qualquer país, mudanças deste porte não se devem às características demiúrgicas de um governo, por mais importante que seja a atuação deste. Aqui se pretende ressaltar que esses avanços também foi determinado por intensas lutas, com diversos avanços e recuos, momentos de expansão e de contração, dos movimentos indígenas no Equador. No período mencionado, o governo e os movimentos sociais, assumiram, de diferentes e, muitas vezes, contraditórios modos, posições antineoliberais, o que levou a um conjunto de mudanças significativas na formação social. Longe de predeterminados, os desdobramentos deste processo encontram-se em aberto, até porque existe a presença ativa de forças conservadoras hegemonizadas pelo neoliberalismo. Estas compõem uma aba do leque de possibilidades que passa pelo neodesenvolvimentismo e se estende a políticas de forte caráter antissistêmico

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Menon.pdf: 820555 bytes, checksum: 4cfee65cc4fed8b0a87498354303a455 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-24 / The objective of this work is to contribute to the analysis of articulation between social movements and the Correa government in Ecuador from 2007 to 2012. The largest share of the state in controlling the oil sector, the challenge of considerable public debt (internal and external), the criticism of the dollarization of the economy, foreign policy alignment with the Bolivarian bloc, the proclamation of a new constitution that institutionalizes new rights, including indigenous communities - here are some aspects of that government.. In any country, changes of this magnitude are not due to the characteristics of a demiurgic government, however important the performance of this. Here we want to emphasize that these advances was also determined by intense struggle, with many advances and retreats, times of expansion and contraction of social movements in Ecuador. In the mentioned period, the government and social movements, assumed, of different and often contradictory ways, anti-neoliberal positions, which led to a number of significant changes in the social formation. Far from predetermined, the ramifications of this process are open, because there is the active presence of conservative hegemony forces by neoliberalism. These make up a tab of the range of possibilities that goes through the new-developmentalism and extends to policies anti-systemic strong character / O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a análise das relações entre os movimentos sociais indígenas e o governo Rafael Correa, no Equador, entre 2007 e 2012. A maior participação do Estado no controle do setor petrolífero, a contestação de parte considerável da dívida pública (interna e externa), a crítica à dolarização da economia, o alinhamento da política externa com o bloco bolivariano, a proclamação de uma nova constituição que institucionaliza novos direitos fundamentais, inclusive para comunidades indígenas eis alguns aspectos do referido governo. Em qualquer país, mudanças deste porte não se devem às características demiúrgicas de um governo, por mais importante que seja a atuação deste. Aqui se pretende ressaltar que esses avanços também foi determinado por intensas lutas, com diversos avanços e recuos, momentos de expansão e de contração, dos movimentos indígenas no Equador. No período mencionado, o governo e os movimentos sociais, assumiram, de diferentes e, muitas vezes, contraditórios modos, posições antineoliberais, o que levou a um conjunto de mudanças significativas na formação social. Longe de predeterminados, os desdobramentos deste processo encontram-se em aberto, até porque existe a presença ativa de forças conservadoras hegemonizadas pelo neoliberalismo. Estas compõem uma aba do leque de possibilidades que passa pelo neodesenvolvimentismo e se estende a políticas de forte caráter antissistêmico