Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit enthält eine Analyse von Untersuchungsberichten der deutschen Eisenbahnunfalluntersuchung sowie den darin betrachteten Unfallereignissen. Als Grundlage der Überlegungen wird dargestellt, welche Kriterien bei der Einstufung von gefährlichen Ereignissen zur Anwendung kommen. Anhand der festgestellten Unfallursachen erfolgen eine Kategorisierung von Ursachen und eine Zuordnung aller untersuchten Ereignisse gemäß den erarbeiteten Definitionen. Die Analyse befasst sich neben einer quantitativen und qualitativen Auswertung der Ursachenkategorien mit vielen weiteren berichts- sowie ereignisbezogenen Aspekten von Eisenbahnunfällen. Dabei werden auch mögliche Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Betriebssicherheit genannt. Anhand eines Beispiels werden abschließend die Zuständigkeiten in der Umsetzung von Sicherheitsempfehlungen erarbeitet. / This thesis analyses reports on accidents by the German railway accident investigation body as well as the investigated accidents themselves. Criteria for the assessment of railway incidents are presented. Corresponding to the identified causes, a categorisation of the accidents is made and all investigated events are classified according to definitions developed in advance. In addition to evaluating categories of accident causes both by quantity and by quality, this thesis addresses additional reporting-related and event-related aspects of railway accidents. Possible approaches to improving railway safety are proposed. Finally, following a case model, different jurisdictions for implementing safety recommendations are elaborated on.

The master’s thesis deals with upgrading of the Holešov railway station. The goal is to design a solution suitable for the capacity for a current traffic and valid legislation. Required are two boarding edges in the length of 130 meters enabling access to persons with reduced mobility and orientation, adjustments or renovation of a station throat triggered by insertion of platforms, maximizing line speed and design of railway superstructure and substructure design including drainage.

Die vorliegende Studienarbeit befasst sich mit Berichten und Statistiken zu Daten der Eisenbahnsicherheit sowie Untersuchungsberichten von Eisenbahnunfällen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden sowohl deutsche Behörden und Institutionen als auch EU-weite Entwicklungen beschrieben. Es folgt eine Erläuterung und Abgrenzung zweier möglicher Kategorisierungen von gefährlichen Ereignissen im Bahnbetrieb. Daten ermittelter Quellen werden im Anschluss statistisch analysiert und Unterschiede dieser herausgearbeitet. Weiterhin wird die Durchführung einer ereignisbezogenen Unfalluntersuchung beschrieben sowie auf veröffentlichte Untersuchungsberichte eingegangen. Nach Bewertung der Berichte werden abschließend Vorschläge zur Verbesserung von Unfallanalysen und Berichten der Eisenbahnsicherheit unterbreitet. / This paper deals with reports and statistics on railway safety data and with investigation reports on railway accidents. Relevant German authorities and institutions as well as EU-wide developments are described. This is followed by an explanation of and dissociation between two possible categorisations of dangerous events in railway operations. Data from selected sources are then analysed statistically and differences within these are ascertained. Furthermore, the implementation of individual accident investigations is described and published investigation reports are outlined. After evaluating these reports, improvements for accident analyses and railway safety reports are suggested.

Transition zones are changes in the track structure, detected by an abrupt deviationin track stiffness and/or differential settlements. One inevitable transition zone is thebridge approach. This study has investigated in this transition zone, adapted for highspeed,ballastless track. The aim was to observe the general behaviour of the transitionzone including its critical components, and to compare different measures, transitionconstructions, to manage with the eventual problems. A base model, called Nullmodel,was developed using the 3D finite element method to evaluate the behaviour of thetransition zone. Based on the Nullmodel, six comparative models have been created,including different types of transition constructions within the substructure. New forthis study is that it investigates the overall behaviour of the transition zone, and alsothe substitution of subballast in combination with approach blocks.For the general behaviour of the transition zone, the results have shown that theballastless track does not behave as a traditional ballasted track. Furthermore,the direction of travel affects the magnitude of different dynamical parameters.Comparing different transition constructions, replacing the subballast with ahydraulically bonded layer in combination with an approach block with cementbounded granular material is found to be the best alternative. Finally, the invertedapproach block is found to be an equally good, or better, mitigative measure incomparison with the regular approach block.

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Passenger traffic for train journeys has been limited in northern Sweden due to the fact that the railway has mainly been used in industrial business. The establishment of Botniabanan enabled passenger traffic by train and created a train connection between the cities in the region. A continuation of Botniabanan quickly began to be planned so that the railway would continue along the Norrland coast, and the so-called Norrbotniabanan came into being. Today, northern Norrland is also facing one of the largest industrial investments in Sweden's history, which will require an increased workforce and supply of skills. In order to meet the demand for labor, Norrbotniabanan can provide a good opportunity for increased work commuting. An efficient and improved transport supply can in turn increase work commuting without people having to move to work. This in turn can create regional enlargement.  The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze the effects Botniabanan had on commuting and further analyze and compare these with the effects that can be expected to occur with commuting through the establishment of Norrbotniabanan. The study is based on predictions about Norrbotniabanan and whether these can be expected to be achieved. This is then compared with whether the expected effects of Botniabanan were fulfilled. The establishment of Norrbotniabanan is then presented in a context of regional enlargement. The study has been carried out based on a quantitative method by processing quantitative data (register data) as well as carrying out literature studies and content analysis.  The study found that commuting has increased since the establishment of Botniabanan and that commuting mostly increased to Umeå municipality but also to Kramfors, which may be due to the municipality not belonging to Umeå's area of influence. In relation to this, commuting can be expected to increase with the establishment of Norrbotniabanan and in the same way that commuting mainly takes place to the larger municipalities such as Umeå, Luleå and Skellefteå. In order for Norrbotniabanan to achieve a greater increase in commuting than Botniabanan, the travel times need to be well planned. Provided that Norrbotniabanan has taken into account the reasons why the journey times for Botniabanan were not achieved, Norrbotniabanan has a good opportunity for a greater increase in commuting. Botniabanan can be declared to have achieved a regional enlargement, which Norrbotniabanan also makes possible. With the industrial investments in northern Sweden, Norrbotniabanan can create a stronger regional expansion than what Botniabanan did.

This article explores the shifting relationship between the state and the rural elites in Sichuan during the last decades of the Qing dynasty through the lens of taxation and public debt by using a creditor-debtor model as a theoretical framework. Sichuan’s unique rewarded land tax surcharge, called the “Contribution” and levied since 1864, established a relationship of symbolic and economic indebtedness of the imperial and local state to the taxpayer. Western-inspired reforms after 1898 directly attacked the symbolic and economic bonds established by the Contribution. The Railway Rent Share tax shifted the creditor-debtor relationship from the state to the public Sichuan-Hankou Railway Company by making individual taxpayers into shareholders. When Beijing eventually banned what it saw as a privatization of taxation and decided to nationalize the railway company, this ignited the Railway Protection Movement, which precipitated the 1911 Revolution in Sichuan.

While there has been considerable research regarding the role of Mobility Hubs in cities and transport networks, significant investment is required to develop these facilities. It is the correlation between investment, new users’ attraction and revenue generation that is the key for a sustainable development of Mobility Hubs and this investment must, therefore, be correctly assessed and targeted. This study aims to develop a methodology to determine the viability of investing in Mobility Hub features, weighing the investment on different Hub features and services against expected potential benefits and revenue generation, addressing the question: Can investment in Mobility Hub features be justified and, if so, which features maximize its expected positive impact? Based on a review of literature and definition of possible Hub features as variables, secondary research data was compiled to enable the analysis of expected impacts of each variable/feature in terms of new user’s attraction and revenue generation, which was then used to develop individual Net Present Value analysis of each feature. The result of these analysis demonstrates and concludes that different Hub features have the potential to generate substantially different investment outcomes, and that each feature should be analyzed individually prior to investment decision. It was also concluded by this research that the proposed assessment methodology can be used for future research on other listed Hub features, albeit with the constraint that primary data will be required when secondary research data is not available.

This thesis explores some aspects of the cultural history of the railway during the latter half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. It argues that the railway was of central importance in creating and shaping Victorian attitudes to the machine and to mechanized civilization in a world increasingly dominated by large scale-technologies. In particular, it explores the significance of negative responses to the railway - fear, anxiety, nervousness, alarm, revulsion - in influencing a range of social, cultural and medical responses to the perceived degenerative threat of technological civilization. The four chapters of the thesis are organized so as to provide a progressive tightening of focus on particular aspects of the railway's significance in this context. The first, most wide-ranging, chapter explores the ways in which the Victorian railway was perceived as both an icon of progress and civilization and as a disruptive, threatening, destructive force. In particular, it seeks to establish the deep-rooted, enduring and influential nature of the fear and anxiety which the railway provoked. The second chapter is concerned with the railway journey as an experience, relating the ambivalence with which the railway was viewed to the journey as a sensory, physical and mental experience. The third chapter focuses on the accident as the most dramatic instance of the dangers of the railway, and relates its significance in contemporary culture to the wider context of the fears provoked by increasingly powerful and potentially destructive technologies. The fourth and final chapter explores the phenomenon of 'railway spine', the obscure nervous condition supposedly suffered by railway accident victims who had seemingly received no actual organic injury, but nonetheless displayed nervous, mental and physical symptoms of serious bodily disorder.

Resumé This thesis is focused on legal acts which are called carriage acts or transportation rules. Carriage acts are legal acts containing regulations of persons, luggage, objects and parcels transportation in all kind of types of domestic transportation. This text is divided into three parts which first is focused on historical development of carriage acts in our region, second part is focused on research of current forced carriage acts and third part is focused on comparison Czech and German carriage acts. First part of this text where historical development of carriage acts is examined, contains complete evolution and development of carriage acts from the very first one to the present day. The strongest emphasis is placed on railways carriage acts for their biggest importance of this kind of transportation in historical overview. In second part of this thesis current forced carriage acts are set in legal system and analyzed. In particular it is the Ordinance of Secretary of transportation no. 175/2000, Carriage act for public railway and road passenger transportation and Ordinance of government no. 1/2000, Carriage act for public railway cargo transportation. Last part of this thesis examine legal comparison of one of abovementioned carriage act (Ordinance of Secretary of transportation no. 175/2000,...