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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
361

Análise econômico-espacial da distribuição de recursos públicos estaduais como política de desenvolvimento regional nos COREDES

Marian, Lucineide de Fátima January 2012 (has links)
A descentralização da gestão pública é uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento regional em busca de melhorias à sociedade. No entanto é na Constituição de 1988 que no Brasil são previstas várias práticas de políticas públicas na relação das esferas governamentais juntamente com os seus cidadãos. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças regionais das regiões dos COREDES e as politicas públicas aplicadas para minimizá-las. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados socioeconômicos dos COREDES apontando a situação atual dos mesmos. A pesquisa desenvolveu um modelo com o cruzamento da despesa per capita e do IDESE de cada região permitindo a classificação em terço: baixo, médio e alto. A pesquisa revelou que o estado apresenta uma situação de melhorias ao longo do tempo com tendência de minimizar as desigualdades que existe entre as regiões. Com o método desenvolvido se defende que a distribuição dos recursos públicos regionalizada seja de acordo com as necessidades de cada região, ou seja, quem possui um IDESE alto deveria ganhar menos recursos em prol das regiões que possuem um IDESE mais baixo tirando das mais ricas favorecendo as mais pobres. Isso demonstra que a política deve ser melhorada e adaptada as necessidades de cada região porque a função do estado é promover o desenvolvimento regional minimizando as diferenças. Além disso, os agentes de desenvolvimento são preponderantes para o sucesso ou não de planos e ações governamentais às regiões dos COREDES. / This job has as the mainly purpose to search about the decentralization of the public managements as a strategy for the regional development persuading improvements to the society. However, since the 1988’s Brazilian Constitution, that in Brazil, several public policies related to the government and with its citizens are planned.This research aimed to examine the regional differences in the COREDES’ regions and the public policies implemented to minimize them. A socioeconomic survey about the COREDES’ datas pointed their current situation. The research developed a model with cross spending individually in each region and the IDESE allowing the classification in three ones: low, medium and high. The research revealed that the state has an improvement situation, tending to minimize the inequalities that exist between regions. With the developed, it is possible to argue that the distribution of the public resources regionalized according to the needs of each regions that have high IDESE should receive fewer resources from the regions that have a lower IDESE taking off the richest favoring the poorest. This demonstrates that the policies should be improved and adapted to the needs of each region because the state function is to promote a regional development minimizing differences. Furthermore the development agents are crucial to the success or the failure of the plans and government actions for the COREDES’ regions.
362

O impacto do investimento em saúde pública no desenvolvimento econômico e social: uma análise dos municípios do Paraná / The impact of public health in economic and social development: an analysis of municipalities of Paraná

Corrêa, Marco Aurélio Kasmin 15 February 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Correa.pdf: 1407113 bytes, checksum: 35ba5a2da6e83e234bca98904205195f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study was to analyze if there is impact on public health investment in the path of economic and social development, analyzed on a local scale, whose spatial delimitation is the federative unity of Paraná, comprising 399 municipalities. As the basis of analysis, it was used macroeconomic variables grouped by municipalities. Initially it was made a literature review of issues related to the question, namely: economic development, social development, regional and local development, public policies for development, the different approaches of health economics and the economic mechanisms by which implement health lead to the acceleration of economic development. Later, it was made a brief overview of works that raise these issues; focus was given to work done in Latin America, because it is believed that they have a greater similarity with the Brazilian reality. Finally, to achieve the proposed objective was elaborated a panel data analysis for the 399 municipalities of the state of Paraná, relating a set of variables, which is the main features of the system in the region with data aimed at measuring the level local development, and these gross domestic product per capita and the index IPARDES municipal development. All data were collected from official secondary sources of the different spheres of government. As a result of this econometric analysis for the years 2007-2011 only be obtained a statistically significant variable that showed inversely related to explanatory variable GDP per capita, it is the number of community health workers, it is believed that this occurred because the nature of the service provided by these agents, whose objective is long-term. In common, on both models it was obtained three statistically significant variables, positive and different from zero, as follows: Total expenditure per capita expenditure on own resources and complementary health, these variables represent respectively the size of the structure public health placed at the disposal of the population, the total resources of the exclusive management of local staff and services purchased by the public sector with the private sector. The fact that these variables are positive and different from zero makes us infer that the public health system has a positive impact on the trajectory of local development. / A proposta deste estudo foi analisar se há impacto do investimento em saúde pública na trajetória de desenvolvimento econômico e social, analisado em escala local, cuja delimitação espacial é a unidade federativa do Paraná, composta por 399 municípios. Como base de análise utilizou-se variáveis macroeconômicas agrupadas por municípios. Inicialmente, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica dos temas relacionados à questão, sendo eles: o desenvolvimento econômico, desenvolvimento social, desenvolvimento regional e local, políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento, as diferentes abordagens da economia da saúde e os mecanismos econômicos pelos quais o implemento em saúde levam à aceleração do desenvolvimento econômico. Posteriormente, fez-se um breve apanhado de trabalhos que levantam essas questões, deu-se foco a trabalhos realizados na América Latina, pois, acredita-se que estes possuem uma maior similitude com a realidade brasileira. Por fim, para alcançar o objetivo proposto elaborou-se uma análise de dados em painel, para os 399 municípios do estado do Paraná, relacionando um conjunto de variáveis, que representa as principais características do sistema na região, com dados que visam mensurar o nível de desenvolvimento local, sendo esses o produto interno bruto per capita e o índice IPARDES de desenvolvimento municipal. Todos os dados foram coletados de fontes secundárias oficiais das diferentes esferas de governo. Como resultado desta análise econométrica para os anos de 2007 a 2011, obteve-se apenas uma variável estatisticamente significativa que apresentou-se inversamente relacionada à variável explicativa PIB per capita, sendo ela o número de agentes comunitários de saúde, acredita-se que isso ocorreu dada à natureza do serviço prestado por esses agentes, cujo objetivo é de longo prazo. Em comum em ambos os modelos obteve-se três variáveis estatisticamente significativas, positivas e diferentes de zero em ambos os modelos, sendo elas: Despesa total per capita, Despesa com recursos próprios e Saúde complementar, essas variáveis representam respectivamente, o tamanho da estrutura de saúde pública colocada à disposição da população, o total de recursos sobre a gestão exclusiva dos agentes locais e os serviços adquiridos pelo setor público junto a iniciativa privada. O fato dessas variáveis serem positivas e diferentes de zero nos faz inferir que o sistema público de saúde impacta positivamente sobre a trajetória de desenvolvimento local.
363

Redes como estratégia para o desenvolvimento regional integrado do turismo da região da Costa da Mata Atlântica (SP) / Networks as a strategy for integrated regional development of tourism of the Costa da Mata Atlântica region (SP)

Beck, Daniela Tineo Oliveira 29 November 2016 (has links)
O turismo pode proporcionar desenvolvimento socioeconômico e bem-estar social, assim para manter-se competitivos, os destinos turísticos necessitam de adequação permanente para atender às expectativas de visitantes que desejam experenciar práticas turísticas diferenciadas.O conceito de regiões turísticas cada vez mais ganha espaço, visto que hoje pode ser considerado como elemento relevante para o desenvolvimento regional, no qual o espaço territorial deve ser visto como um espaço de transformação social, e não somente como espaço físico. O objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa foi a região turística Costa da Mata Atlântica,situada no litoral de São Paulo. A região metropolitana da Baixada Santista, como também é chamada, foi criada em 1996, composta por aglomeração e conurbação de nove municípios:Bertioga, Cubatão, Guarujá, Itanhaém, Mongaguá, Peruíbe, Praia Grande, Santos e São Vicente. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as redes de turismo como estratégia para o desenvolvimento regional integrado do turismo da região Costa da Mata Atlântica. A pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa e exploratória e caráter descritivo e teve como foco as abordagens da dimensão organizacional do turismo, que envolve a cooperação, capital social, competição, governança, as relações de poder e a gestão regional integrada. Foram aplicados questionários para identificar os relacionamentos e o nível destas relações, e os dados foram analisados pelo Ucinet 6, um programa de tratamento de dados relacionais, que permite identificar as características mais estruturais das redes de atores. As assertivas baseadas no referencial da dimensão organizacional do turismo, foram avaliados em escala Likert de 5 níveis, os atores identificaram seu grau de concordância ou discordância em relação às declarações ou atitudes medidas, e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores envolvidos na gestão regional do turismo. Os resultados apontaram uma análise da gestão do turismo regional, com a efetivação de uma rede regional e identificou-se que os processos de relacionamentos precisam ser e estar coesos, de modo que todos percebam e tenham conhecimento de seus papéis, estreitando as alianças estratégicas, despertando maior envolvimento na elaboração, implementação e gestão de programas e de políticas de desenvolvimento turístico. A conectividade entre os atores envolvidos na gestão da região precisa ser fortalecida, para que haja troca de informações, planejamento conjunto, cooperação eficaz, aumentando a competitividade e consequentemente beneficiando e promovendo o protagonismo local e o desenvolvimento regional integrado do turismo / Tourism can provide socio-economic development and welfare. Tourist destinations need a new adequacy to meet the new demand of visitors wishing to experience new tourist practices, in order to become competitive destinations. The concept of tourist regions is gaining more and more ground, since it can be considered today as a relevant element for regional development. The territorial space should be seen as social change agent, and not only as physical space. This research aims to study the tourist region of Costa da Mata Atlântica, located in the coast of São Paulo. The metropolitan area of Baixada Santista, as it is also called, was established in 1996, consisting of agglomeration and conurbation of nine municipalities: Bertioga, Cubatão, Guarujá, Itanhaém, Mongaguá, Peruíbe, Praia Grande, Santos and Sao Vicente. The research aims to analyze the networks as a strategy for integrated regional development of tourism of the Costa da Mata Atlântica region. The research method is qualitative and exploratory, with descriptive nature. It focuses on the approaches of the organizational dimension of tourism, which involves cooperation, capital, competition, governance, power relations and integrated regional management. Surveys were applied to identify relationships and the level of relations, and the data were analyzed by the software Ucinet 6. The assertions based on the framework of the organizational dimension of tourism were evaluated in Likert scale of 5 levels, as well as semi-structured interviews with actors involved in regional tourism management. The results show an analysis of the regional tourism management, with the execution of a regional network. It was identified that the relationships of processes need to be cohesive, in which every actor understands and is aware of his role, arranging strategic alliances, evoking involvement in the preparation, implementation and management of programs and tourism development policies. Connectedness between the actors involved in the management of the region needs to be strengthened, so that there is exchange of information, joint planning, effective cooperation, increasing competitiveness and consequently benefiting and promoting local leadership and integrated regional development of tourism
364

Sistema financeiro, desenvolvimento regional e Estado: a regulação jurídica do crédito financeiro / Banking, regional development and state: the legal regulation of finance

Pereira Júnior, Ademir Antonio 28 May 2013 (has links)
Assumindo a neutralidade dos fenômenos monetários sobre a economia real no longo prazo, a ortodoxia econômica sugere que a autoridade monetária (banco central) contribui para o desenvolvimento econômico unicamente por meio da garantia da estabilidade estabilidade de preços e da higidez financeira. Após as experiências de crises inflacionárias enfrentadas na década de 1980, bancos centrais de vários países passaram a apostar com maior vigor nessa concepção, eliminando um papel transformador ou uma atuação ativa dos bancos centrais no sentido de fomentar o desenvolvimento econômico e a redução de desigualdades. Essa escolha se deu em meio a um processo de despolitização que visava garantir aos bancos centrais maior autonomia, mediante reformas legais ou por meio de alterações informais nas relações entre os órgãos de governo. Esse processo evolui para a \"apolitização\" dos bancos centrais, baseado em alegado cientificismo de suas decisões. Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar que a alegada fundamentação científica da limitação da atuação das autoridades monetárias à garantia da estabilidade macroeconômica ignora (i) a existência de severas críticas teóricas às teorias sobre a neutralidade da moeda, (ii) os contextos específicos de cada país e as diferentes demandas de sua sociedade tendo em vista aspectos de desenvolvimento econômico e (iii) que a regulação monetária encerra decisões políticas, que devem ser pautadas pelo ordenamento jurídico dos países. Dessa forma, embora se reconheça a relevância central da estabilidade macroeconômica, propõe-se um reexame dos objetivos da política monetária e da regulação bancária no contexto do desenvolvimento. Em razão da complexidade do tema e das diversas nuances, este trabalho tem como recorte material o desenvolvimento regional. Além disso, o mesmo recorte limita o foco ao caso brasileiro, em função das diferenças no contexto econômico e no ordenamento jurídico dos diversos países, para que o objeto do trabalho seja delimitado a aferir em que medida elementos de desenvolvimento regional devem integrar a racionalidade de intervenção do Estado brasileiro sobre o sistema bancário e, portanto, conformar a regulação monetária e sua supervisão e responsabilização (accountability). / Considering the neutrality of money in the long-run, the mainstream economics indicate that central banks role in the economic development is limited to price and financial stability. After facing inflationary crisis during the decade of 1980, central banks from many countries started to vigorously support that conception, eliminating a changing role or an active performance of central banks in order to foster economic development and mitigate inequalities. That choice encompassed a process of depoliticization, which aimed to ensure greater autonomy for central Banks, either through legal reforms or informal changes in the relationship among government agencies. Such process evolves to apolitization of central banks, based on alleged scientization of decisions. The present dissertation intends to demonstrate that the alleged scientific foundation to limiting central banks` role to macroeconomic stability does not consider (i) a broad range of critics to the theories of neutrality of money, (ii) specific contexts of each country and the different demands of the societies considering elements related to economic development and (iii) monetary regulation encompasses politic decisions, which must be constrained by the legal arrangements of each country. Thus, even though macroeconomic stability should be regarded as fundamental, we propose a reassessment of the goals of monetary policy and financial regulation in light of development issues. In reason of the complexity of the subject, the dissertation focuses on regional development aspects. Furthermore, considering the different economic atmospheres and legal regulations of the countries, we focus on the Brazilian case, so that the scope of the dissertation is limited to assess whether regional development issues should be incorporated by monetary policy and financial regulation in Brazil and, as a result, be part of the supervision and accountability of central banks.
365

Rethinking the politics of distribution: the geographies and governmentalities of housing assistance in rural New South Wales, Australia.

Dufty, Rae, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW January 2007 (has links)
Housing, while a necessity of ???life???, goes beyond this definition in this research to also become a technology of government in the domestic distributional geopolitics of nation-states. Employing a Foucaultian approach to power and governance, this research examines how the provision of housing assistance was used in the government of rural public housing communities. Data for this research were collected through a series of archival resources that focused specifically on the transitional periods of 1935-1955 and 1985-2005. Data were also gathered through a questionnaire and interviews with public housing tenants and staff from four towns (Griffith, Cootamundra, Junee and Tumut) in the ???Riverina??? region of south-western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This research makes five contributions to geographical understandings of distributional politics. First, the thesis contends that poststructuralist theoretical approaches to the analysis of power and governance enable innovative critical engagements with the distributional geopolitical agendas of governmental processes. The research also found that the distributional geopolitical agendas of Governments have been pursued through more than just the redistribution of fiscal resources, but also include the redistribution of human resources. In particular, housing assistance has been, and is used today, to perpetuate certain internal migration patterns to aid this human-distributional agenda. Third, the study argues that ??? while the broad shift to advanced liberal forms of government have resulted in changes to how distributional geopolitical agendas are pursued ??? ???distribution??? remains an integral feature of the geopolitical objectives of those who seek to govern in advanced liberal ways. This work also shows how these new advanced liberal distributional objectives remain open to being problematised and/or resisted at the local scale. However, while such governmental processes are always uncertain and open to contestation, these changes have brought about a new set of ethical and political consequences. We need to be alert to and critical of the ways in which these new distributional geopolitical agendas impact on our own and others??? ???freedoms???.
366

中國大陸區域發展策略與「諸候經濟」之形成 / China's Regional Development Strategy and Formation of " Dukedom Economies"

周枝田, Chou, Chi Ten Unknown Date (has links)
隨著舊蘇聯的解體和東歐各國的「非共化」,中國大陸經濟改革的成 敗也逐漸成為舉世矚目的焦點。總的來說,十年經改提昇了人民的生活水 準,消滅了一部份的貧窮落後,推動了經濟的快速成長,其成就不可忽視 ;但是,由於經濟運行機制的轉換並不順利,經改過程也就無可避免地出 現了一些結構性矛盾。由經改試驗所引伸出的一連串問題中,「沿海與內 地的關係」和「中央與地方的關係」是兩個特別值得注意的課題。近年來 ,中國大陸地方經濟勢力的迅速擴張和區域間發展不平衡的惡化,不僅使 中共中央與地方矛盾、衝突日益加劇。形成所謂「諸候經濟」的格局,更 對中共政權的統治基礎和控制能力帶來嚴重的挑戰。本論文的主旨在於利 用當代區域成長理論( Regional Growth Theory)來分析中共區域發展 策略的本質,並探討地方保護主義的形成和沿海、內地經濟差距的擴大對 中國大陸經濟改革可能造成的制約。筆者認為,中共區域發展策略由毛澤 東時期強調自給自足、重視國防安全的「平衡發展策略」轉變為後毛澤東 時期強調區域分工、重視經濟效益的「不平衡發展策略」,此種政策轉變 雖然符合改革開放基本國策的要求,卻也使得東西部貧富差距日益懸殊; 再加上地方政府經濟自主權的增強,使得中央對地方的控制更為不易,衍 生出貿易封鎖、資源搶奪等「諸候經濟」現象。然而,經濟領域的地方保 護行為在短期內仍不可能發展為政治上的割據分裂。換句話說,地方政府 的經濟勢力雖然有可能進一步擴張壯大,但不致於使中共陷入政權解體的 局面。
367

鶯歌鎮民間信仰廟群與地方發展

謝詩凌 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文是以鄉鎮為範圍的民間信仰研究,亦談及祭祀圈遠跨至鶯歌的他鄉鎮大廟,筆者深受恩師林修澈教授及林美容教授對民間信仰研究的影響,選擇以一個開發、變遷快速的台北縣邊緣鄉鎮為研究地點,期待倚仗著前輩的研究基礎,進一步更深入、紮實地研究民間信仰,為民間信仰的研究作進一步的努力,也為歷史文化寫下記錄。   本論文的題目為「鶯歌鎮的民間信仰與地方發展」,第一個目標在探討鶯歌的發展史,第二個目標是觀察記錄鶯歌六十八個公眾性質信仰,並找出民間信仰與地方發展的關係。論文採用質化研究,以普查的田野調查方式進行,研究對象包括:七座跨庄頭廟,五十三座土地公廟,三個神明會,二個大墓公,三個特殊信仰。得到研究成果簡述如下:   1. 地方發展史:鶯歌鎮依地理地勢可分為平原、山地、台地三個生活區,東南部為大漢溪畔的平原,西北部近龜山山區及桃園台地。民族分布上南閩北客,且以泉州人為多(三峽祖師廟信仰),有許多同姓聚落,從農業、工業(【石回】仔)、到觀光業,逐步成長。   2. 大廟信仰:因為交通(河運、鐵路)、行政(區劃、地方政府)、經濟(【石回】仔)的發展、獨立,鶯歌碧龍宮與三峽祖師廟的勢力消長間,發生微妙的轉變。   3. 信仰概況:鶯歌鎮土地廟佔了全鎮的78%。其中又以鶯歌鎮西北部「廟分布」的密度較大。在清朝時代、日本時代、民國時代,「廟增加」的數目相當;目前「廟規模」以單開間廟為主,表示鶯歌處於村落形成與發展期的階段。   4. 跨庄頭信仰:以鶯歌鎮東南、西北為界,可以看到兩群跨庄頭的信仰勢力兩兩相對,如景美尪公vs.林口十八手觀音;三峽祖師公vs.嶺頂觀音媽;鶯歌大墓公vs.福安大墓公;八股媽vs.三界公。(見【圖5-1:全鶯歌鎮的跨庄頭信仰祭祀圈概念圖】)。   5. 信仰與發展:廟的組織形態,依著歷史的因素、距離的遠近,會產生各種變通的替代方案;廟的發展也會與地方相互呼應,不但反映民族文化,亦反映地方的發展狀況。
368

Jakten på Entreprenörer : Om öppningar och låsningar i entreprenörskapsdiskursen

Berglund, Karin January 2007 (has links)
<p>Entrepreneurs are expected to play a crucial role in times of unemployment and economical regression. A “hunt for entrepreneurs” can thus be said to be occurring as they appear to be people who can save nations, societies, and companies in troublesome situations. </p><p>The project Diversity in Entrepreneurship (DiE) aimed to introduce a broad view of entrepreneurship in a regional context. Three development areas are emphasized that are strategically important to transforming a traditional industrial community into an entrepreneurial region: paying attention to the spirit of enterprise among underrepresented groups; stimulating entrepreneurship among young people; and considering the importance of culture in stimulating a diverse and entrepreneurial society.</p><p>An equality discourse is introduced through DiE that – emphasising social and mundane occurrences - stands in contrast to the historically rooted enterprise discourse that proffers companies as productive apparatus, where a few competent people – often men – have been, and still are, in charge. In the equality discourse, all people in the region make a difference, not merely a few. The encounter of the two discourses has resulted in confusion, and thus conflicts and collisions; but also in new possibilities.</p><p>A new perspective of entrepreneurship and regional development is developed where conflicts are put forward as constructive. That the two discourses met on the same regional scene is therefore seen as positive as many people have been made aware of the social, political, and economic contradictions which restrain some groups in society from creating a (working) life. Hence, the contradictions have enabled the inhabitants to see themselves, and others, as entrepreneurs in regional development processes. Openings have thus emerged to view entrepreneurship from a broader perspective that includes people, to create practices through which a more diverse working life is becoming discernible.</p>
369

Projektet Björntanden : Om beslutsprocesser, entreprenörskap och politik / Björntanden : On decision processes, entrepreneurship, and politics

Weimer-Löfvenberg, Maria January 2008 (has links)
<p>The present licentiate thesis deals with decision processes, entrepreneurship, and politics in a local context. The study focuses on the local project <em>Björntanden</em> in Östersund, an entrepreneurial idea aiming at regional development. The purpose of the thesis is to understand the decision processes that enable or hinder the realization of entrepreneurial ideas in a local context.</p><p>The background of the study is the notion that regional development often is considered a condition for economic growth. Concepts such as local and entrepreneurial processes are commonly used in this context. These processes are seldom run in isolation by single actors but normally in cooperation with others. It is not uncommon that actors such as politicians and other representatives of local government and state agencies play an important role in influencing the conditions for local entrepreneurship. As decision processes in the private and public sector are different, this creates coordination problems.</p><p>Cooperation between many actors also tends to create coordination problems when actors with different organisational principles and organisational cultures meet in a joint arena. This is further accentuated when business people, civil servants, politicians and others are to cooperate in decision-making on entrepreneurial ideas that often are inherently unclear.</p><p>I followed the project <em>Björntanden</em> for four years by observations, interviews and studies of published and unpublished documents. On the basis of the experiences of the actors involved I have interpreted the meaning of their actions, i.e., what they have said and what they have done, in order to form the concepts used in the study. Through an interactive process between received theory and the gradually evolving results of the empirical study I have attempted to reach an understanding of the decision processes by linking local conditions, i.e. points of departure for entrepreneurial ideas in a local context, with different types of decision processes. The analysis indicates aspects that may create possibilities and space as well as obstacles for successful decision-making when entrepreneurship and politics are to act in cooperation.</p> / <p>I den här licentiatuppsatsen behandlar jag beslutsprocesser, entreprenörskap och politik i en lokal kontext. Studien fokuserar på det lokala projektet Björntanden i Östersund, en entreprenöriell idé för regional utveckling. Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå de beslutsprocesser som ger möjlighet eller hindrar att entreprenöriella idéer i en lokal kontext förverkligas.</p><p>Bakgrunden till studien är att regional utveckling ofta framhålls som en förutsättning för ekonomisk tillväxt. Begrepp som lokala och entreprenöriella processer är vanligt förekommande i ett sådant sammanhang. Dessa processer bedrivs sällan isolerade hos någon enskild aktör utan ofta i samverkan med andra. Vidare är det inte ovanligt att aktörer såsom politiker, kommunala och statliga företrädare har en framträdande roll för de möjligheter och hinder som gäller för entreprenörskap i ett lokalt sammanhang. Då beslutsprocesser inom den privata sektorn skiljer sig från beslutsprocesser inom den offentliga innebär det koordinationsproblem.</p><p>Samverkan mellan många aktörer tenderar också att leda till koordinationsproblem när mötet mellan aktörer med olika organisationsprinciper och organisationskulturer skall hanteras på en gemensam arena. Detta blir än mer framträdande, när näringslivsföreträdare, offentliga tjänstemän, politiker och andra skall samverka kring beslut om entreprenöriella idéer, vars signum många gånger är det otydliga.</p><p>Under fyra år har jag följt projektet genom observationer, enskilda samtal och studier av publicerade och opublicerade handlingar. Jag har utgått från aktörernas egna upplevelser och erfarenheter av projektet Björntanden och tolkat möjliga innebörder i deras ageranden i form av vad de har sagt och vad de har gjort som underlag för begreppsbildningen i studien. Genom växelspel mellan teoretiska utgångspunkter och den empiriska undersökningens gradvis framväxande resultat har jag försökt uppnå förståelse av beslutsprocesserna genom att sammankoppla lokala förutsättningar, alltså aktuella <em>points of departure</em> för entreprenöriella idéer, i en lokal kontext, med olika slag av beslutsprocesser. Analysen visar på aspekter som kan skapa möjligheter och ge utrymme men också hinder för framgångsrikt beslutsfattande när entreprenörskap och politik samverkar.</p>
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Den regionala utvecklingens logik i policy och praktik : En fallstudie av den regionalpolitiska interventionen Resurscentra för kvinnor

Stenmark, Lina January 2012 (has links)
Den regionala utvecklingspolitikens karaktär har under de senaste decennierna skiftat dramatiskt. Utvecklingen har gått från centralstyrning till allt större regionalt självbestämmande. Från en inriktning på stödinsatser och regional utjämning till en starkare betoning av tillväxt i landets samtliga delar. Begreppet tillväxt har vunnit mark och man talar allt oftare om en regional tillväxtpolitik.  Samtidigt som man i stor utsträckning betonar den ekonomiska tillväxten finns också en ambition att bredda begreppet med en ekologisk och social dimension. Tilltron till att man genom statliga interventioner kan styra samhällsutvecklingen i Sverige har länge varit stark och stora resurser har avsatts för satsningar inte minst inom området för regionalpolitik. Själva logiken bakom interventionerna har dock sällan klarlagts.  I avhandlingen görs det utifrån en specifik regionalpolitisk insats, nämligen resurscentra för kvinnor. Det blir då tydligt hur regionalpolitiken, i form av policyn bakom interventionen, vilar på motsägelsefulla underliggande logiker vilka praktiken sedan i sin tur måste balansera. Något som i flera fall ger upphov till organisatoriska problem i verksamheten. Resurscentra för kvinnor utgör en regionalpolitisk satsning som funnits sedan mitten av 1990-talet och vars tillkomst och utformning delvis kan förstås mot bakgrund av den utveckling av regionalpolitiken som beskrivits ovan. Inrättandet skedde utifrån att man konstaterat att kvinnor varit missgynnade inom regionalpolitiken. Ett genusperspektiv där man i högre utsträckning tog hänsyn till kvinnors lokala och regionala villkor och förutsättningar efterfrågades därför. Som konsekvens av detta inrättades regionala resurscentra för kvinnor i samtliga län, många lokala resurscentra bildades också. Antalet har varierat över tid men det har i Sverige rört sig om ett hundratal regionala och lokala resurscentra. I avhandlingen står särskilt två län i fokus; Södermanland och Västmanland med två regionala och sjutton lokala resurscentra. Avhandlingen som bygger på en studie av resurscentraverksamheten i Södermanland och Västmanland 2004-2006 visar hur flera av de organisatoriska problem verksamheten i praktiken brottas med kan förstås i relation till en motsägelsefull regionalpolitik. Vid en närmare studie av policyn bakom resurscentra kan den förstås som vilandes på tre olika och delvis självmotsägande underliggande logiker. Logiker som verksamheten i praktiken måste hantera och som många gånger ger upphov till motstridiga krav. / The characteristics of regional development policy during the past decades have altered dramatically. The trend has changed from central control to an increasingly larger regional independence; from a focus on support and regional equalization to a stronger emphasis on growth in all parts of the country. The general emphasis has been on economic growth, but there is also an ambition to widen the concept with an ecological and social dimension. The credence of controlling the development of society by means of interventions by the state has for a long time been strong and great resources have been reserved for interventions, not least in the area of regional development. However, the logic behind these interventions has seldom been investigated. This is done in the thesis in which the logic behind the specific regional policy intervention Resource centers for women is derived. From this perspective it becomes apparent how the regional policy, in the shape of the policy behind the intervention, is based on contradicting logics which the resource centers have to balance. This proves to be an unfeasible balance act where the intrinsic inconsistencies cause organizational problems.   Resource centers for women is a regional policy intervention that has been present since the mid 1990s and its establishment and formation can be understood by the background described above. The reason for its founding was that observations had been made that women were disfavored in regional policy. As a result of this, a request was raised of a gender perspective, where women’s local and regional terms were given larger attention. This led to the establishment of Resource centers for women in all Swedish counties; many local resource centers were also founded. The actual number of centers in Sweden has varied over time but there have been around 100 regional and local resource centers. In the thesis, two regions have the center of attention; Södermanland and Västmanland with two regional and 17 local resource centers. The thesis, which is based on a case study of the Resource centers in Södermanland and Västmanland 2004-2006, shows how several of the organizational problems can be understood in relation to a contradicting regional policy. A policy based on three separate and partly contradicting logics that have to be handled in practice by the organization and often is the cause of contradicting requirements.

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