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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

祖廟─台灣民間信仰的體系 / Ancestral Temples: Systems of Popular Religions in Taiwan

簡瑛欣, Chien, Yin Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究台灣民間信仰中的「祖廟」議題,試圖回答三個問題:首先,台灣民間信仰中的祖廟意識是什麼?其次,以祖廟意識為基礎所形塑而成的台灣民間信仰體系是什麼?祖廟呈現在台灣、中國、馬來西亞與新加坡華人民間信仰的樣貌為何?本文試圖從華人民間信仰區域研究的視野解讀台灣民間信仰廟際網絡組成的原則與特色。 本研究整合貫時性的歷史材料與區域性的田野觀察,透過祖廟現象以及環繞於中的儀式活動,討論於台灣民間信仰體系浮現的主體性論述。 一, 我們認為台灣民間信仰祖廟意識的形成,源自「移民」與「私誼」兩組概念。我們可以分別透過台灣廟宇到中國謁祖的活動、台灣在地發展的祖廟/子廟系統與儀式,以及各宮廟、神明會、私壇的交誼關係來觀察這兩組概念。 二, 我們提出祖廟權威論與台灣意識作為台灣祖廟主體性表述的論點。過去媒體與許多研究關注台灣廟宇往中國謁祖進香的活動,而本研究發現,台灣的祖廟以歷史權威、神物權威與儀式權威三者為基礎,建立台灣祖廟的主體性。本文說明在許多廟宇熱衷於前往中國進香之外,仍存在跳脫中國情結,無關正統之爭並以祖廟權威論奠定權威的「台灣祖廟」。 三, 我們透過中國、馬來西亞與新加坡華人民間信仰的案例,討論祖廟意識在不同華人的表現。經由區域比較,我們可以發現華人民間信仰之間的共通性、差異性以及獨特性,以及台灣祖廟以移植與擴散兩種方式影響中國及其他區域的廟宇儀式與廟宇關係,並透過這些國際間華人民間信仰的競合關係建立台灣祖廟的主體意識。研究也發現,中國民間信仰的祖廟意識存在地域差異,我們舉廣東與福建的例子以及香港福建人與廣府人的廟宇來說明這些差異。星馬兩國的多數華人廟宇祖廟意識淡薄,不過,有些廟宇經營者以正統與權威的概念,發展出跨國網絡的民間信仰運作型態,進而構建超越地域的祖廟意識想像。 四, 回應Watson提出以「神祇標準化」來看「是什麼使中國社會聚合在一起」的問題,我們認為當代華人民間信仰研究必須更具現代意義與並考量不同國家的政治脈絡,才能理解「是什麼使中國社會聚合在一起」這樣的問題在當代產生的變化,抑或是更反叛地,我們要進一步提出,在不同國家、地域、人群的組織與聚合影響下,民間信仰的樣貌、結構與背後的成因早已溢出「神祇標準化」或「儀式標準化」的概念。本論文透過歷時十年的觀察,不同國家的研究個案比較,歸納出台灣祖廟的主體性表述,並發展出「祖廟權威論」,目的即在說明,從當代華人的民間信仰現狀來看「是什麼使中國社會聚合在一起」問題,同時也是「是什麼使華人社會彼此不同」問題的對映,論文中點出廣府人與福建人在謁祖進香觀念上的差異就是一例。 最後,我們提出祖廟研究提供華人民間信仰跨國研究的取向,神明祖廟的跨境、跨國研究將提供中國史、東南亞區域史一種更為多元解釋觀點,並可作為理解我鄉我土的新視角。我們認為全球化脈絡下的民間信仰樣態是未來祖廟研究必須重視的議題與研究取向。透過祖廟的跨國研究、跨境比較的分析,將華人民間信仰的底蘊置放在一個更大的框架體系中解釋,從而理解全球化與跨國網絡下的祖廟與進香活動的樣貌。 關鍵詞:祖廟,分香子廟,祖廟權威論,台灣祖廟 / This thesis investigates the subject matter of “ancestral temples” within Taiwanese popular religions, attempting to answer three questions: firstly, what constitutes the consciousness of ancestral temples in Taiwanese folk religions? Secondly, what is the Taiwanese popular religious system that is based on such consciousness? Finally, how do ancestral temples manifest themselves within the folk religions of Chinese ethnics in Taiwan, China, Malaysia and Singapore? From the perspective of area studies on popular religions amongst Chinese ethnics, this thesis intends to explain the principles and characteristics of network formation in Taiwanese popular religions. This research combines panel and area studies by employing both historical materials and field observations. By examining the ancestral temples phenomenon and its surrounding ritualistic activities, the subjectivity emerged from the Taiwanese popular religious systems is explored. 1. We suggest that the consciousness surrounding ancestral temples in Taiwanese folk religions originates from two sets of ideas: immigration and personal alliance (personal relationships, friendships and identification with same deities that lead to the development of temple networks.)These concepts can be observed through the ancestor veneration and fenxiang (temple branching, literally dividing incense) activities of Taiwanese temple delegations in China, locally developed ancestral and satellite temple systems and rituals in Taiwan, and the social relations between different temples, deity associations and private alters. 2. We propose that together, an “ancestral temple authority discourse” and the formation of Taiwanese identity/consciousness formulate the Taiwanese ancestral temples subjectivity. While in the past, the media and the majority of research focused primarily on ancestor veneration and fenxiang activities in China, the present research argues that the Taiwanese ancestral temples subjectivity is constructed upon historical authority, deity authority and ceremonial authority. The thesis illustrates that while numerous Taiwanese temples actively involve in jinxiang (offering incense as tribute) trips in China, the notion of “Taiwanese ancestral temples” exists independently from sentiments towards China or disputes over authenticity; rather, its authority is determined by the proposed ancestral temple authority discourse. 3. Through case studies on popular religions amongst Chinese ethnics in China, Malaysia and Singapore, we discuss the manifestation of ancestral temple consciousness within different Chinese communities. Via geographical comparison, the similarities, differences and distinctness amongst these religions are explored. By way of transplantation and expansion, Taiwanese ancestral temples influence the rituals and inter-temple relationships in China and other areas, while constructing a unique identity amidst competing relations between popular religions of global Chinese communities. It is also observed that geographical differences exist within Chinese popular religions, examples being temples in Guangdong, Fujian, as well as those of Fujian and Guangfu communities in HongKong. In Singapore and Malaysia, the consciousness of, and identification with temples amongst Chinese ethnics are mostly weak, however, some temple owners employ the notions of authenticity and authority to develop international networks of popular religion operation systems, thus constructing consciousness and imagination of ancestral temples that transcend geographical boundaries. 4. In response to Watson’s question of “what held Chinese society together?” based on his idea of “standardizing the Gods”, we suggest that in order to understand how this question evolves in current times, contemporary research on Chinese popular religions must be more relevant to its times, and the political systems in different countries should be considered. We go further to say that under the influence of the ways different states, regions and peoples are organized and converged, popular religions’ manifestation and structures - and their underlying causes - have long surpassed the notions of standardization of Gods or rituals. With over ten years of research, observation and comparative case studies conducted in multiple countries, this thesis developed a formulation of Taiwanese ancestral temple subjectivity and the ancestral temple authority discourse, with the purpose of illustrating the following: given the current reality of contemporary popular religions of Chinese ethnics, the question of “what holds Chinese society together?” begs an additional question of “what distinguishes different Chinese societies from one another?” One example given is the differences in ancestor veneration and jinxing practices between the people in Guangfu and Fujian. Finally, we propose that ancestral temples research provides a cross-border approach in popular religion studies within global Chinese communities. The cross-regional nature of temples and related research offer a more diverse perspective and discourse orientation for the fields of Chinese history and regional history of South East Asia; in addition, this provides a new vantage point to understanding homeland-based cultural identity. We affirm that the manifestation and development of folk religions within a globalized context constitute an important subject and research direction in ancestral temples studies. Through cross-border research and cross-region comparative analysis, this thesis places and examines the essence of Chinese folk religions within the larger framework and system; as such, it facilitates the understanding of the reality of ancestral temples and jinxiang phenomenon within the context of globalization and cross-border networks. Key words: ancestral temples, fenxing satellite temples, ancestral temples authority discourse, Taiwanese ancestral temples.
2

三重埔的中南部移民及其宮廟

謝素珍 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在探討三重埔的中南部移民移住現象,關注彰化、雲林、嘉義的移民,結合移民所建立的宮廟觀察彼此的互動關係,強調中南部移民與宮廟對三重埔地方發展的重要性,作為觀察臺灣民間信仰與地方發展的案例。 三重埔是主要研究場域,緒論中說明三重埔的開發歷史與宮廟發展,將三重埔的發展分為開墾初期、街庄形成、街庄成熟三個階段來釐清研究場域的歷史脈絡,並說明三重埔宮廟發展的傳統面貌與嶄新面貌的差異性,文本中的「在地廟」是中南部移民之前的傳統宮廟,「移民廟」是中南部移民所建的嶄新宮廟。 中南部移民是主要關注的對象,第一章討論三重埔的中南部移民,根據人口統計資料與田野訪談,說明三重埔的人口結構和移民的籍貫等,著重在民國40年代以後三重埔人口大增的原因,來自彰化、雲林、嘉義縣市人口最多,以移民廟作為佐證。 移民廟是中南部移民在三重埔留下的重要資產,第二章針對三重埔立案的38間宮廟逐一實地探查,找到9間中南部移民興建的宮廟,除了在三重埔實地探查移民廟,更擴展探查的範圍到彰化、雲林、嘉義移民謁祖進香的祖廟,詳實紀錄移民廟的主祀神、歷史沿革、謁祖進香、廟慶、儀式等,運用GPS衛星定位GIS繪圖來說明移民廟與在地廟的空間分佈,找出移民移住現象與宮廟之間的時空關係。 第三章將田野實查與文獻資料整合加以分析研究,討論中南部移民的宮廟與三重埔民間信仰,探究移民廟與在地廟的的主祀神與信徒結構、祭祀慶典儀式與功能、宮廟與移民的認同等問題。 本論文研究貢獻在於探討中南部移民與移民廟的關係時所得到的結論: 一、民國40-60年代中南部移民有群聚現象:中南部移民的時空背景和宮廟建立有直接關係,移民移住的時空背景和宮廟的空間分佈是一致的。 二、移民廟與在地廟的區別:從三重埔歷史發展的新、舊移民所認同的主祀神和宮廟分布區域不同,同時展現三重埔地方開發的先後脈絡。 三、移民廟的認同表現,9間移民廟以主祀神和謁祖進香來凝聚移民,藉著靜態與動態的認同力量增強移民的團結意識。 四、移民廟的在地化:移民廟的在地化帶領三重埔宮廟的轉型,各宮廟展現出包容與多元化的特質。 五、新三重廟:移民廟的在地化帶動走向新三重廟出現,現在的新三重廟是分區發展、配祀神增加、祭祀圈重疊、移民廟的地位提升,信眾祈求安定身心時有更多神靈庇祐,移民廟的謁祖進香依舊是移民廟的重要廟會活動,藉由活動來凝聚信眾人群,讓地方特有的民俗技藝代代相傳延續下來,保存著飲水思源的良善社會風氣。
3

交霊会におけるシャーマンの実践―シンガポール華人系寺廟の文化人類学的研究

福浦, 厚子 23 May 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第13036号 / 論人博第48号 / 新制||人||190(附属図書館) / 28||論人博||48(吉田南総合図書館) / 32994 / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科臨床教育学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 雅一, 准教授 石井 美保, 教授 速水 洋子, 教授 三尾 裕子 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
4

台灣神廟的功能與管理研究-以台北市為例

陳淑美 Unknown Date (has links)
我國自古以來就是一個多神信仰的民族,神廟為本省民間宗教信仰之一種,對於撫慰信眾心靈,促進社會祥和,具有深遠的影響力,在社會教化過程中扮演重要角色。我國憲法明文保障宗教信仰自由,使的國內各宗教都能在自由、平等下蓬勃發展,神廟亦秉持宗教濟世救人的理念,積極投入公益慈善事業教化事業,發揮其社會功能。 但是近年來台灣社會,於物質文明的急遽轉變,衍生出整體運作機能的脫序現象,使得人與人之間的感情日漸疏離,傳統倫理道德日漸淪喪,有少數不肖之徒利用國人的宗教需求,從事不法的宗教詐財騙色行為,發生了多起的宗教事件,諸如宋七力事件、妙天禪師事件等,有違害社會公序與善良風俗之虞。 本研究利用文獻分析法、個案研究法及深度訪談法,來探討神廟的社會功能並從法制面及實務面,研究神廟管理及運作情形,提供建議,俾提昇神廟宗教素質及發揮其社會功能,並提高神廟行政管理效率,
5

宜蘭市道廟管理組織的研究 / A reserch of daoism temple board in I-Lan city

林靜怡, Lin, Ching-I Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共約十萬字,主要在探討宜蘭市道廟的管理組織,並從分析宜蘭市道廟的特性、管理組織型態、負責人特徵等十八個變項,了解全市道廟的概況,進一步在擇取六座道廟,針對廟的特性、管理組織的脈絡結構等變項,進行相關的文獻搜集與田野調查。最後,研究者將各廟之各變項及其結構、運作的程度,分別列表比較,並做成各廟組織系統表。 本研究發現,宜蘭市的道廟普遍未將祭祀圈分區及設分區信徒,觀光型的廟較少,廟平時與外界及道教會的交流也不多;另外,廟奉祀的主神與廟之經費來源也與過去學者於其它地區的研究不同,是為宜蘭市道廟的特色。而廟的管理組織方面,組織型態今多為管理委員會,型態的變遷則多因為重建或重修。組織負責人的選擇考量要件為其個人經歷及其廟務熟悉的程度,且組織負責人個人之特質、觀念對組織之結構、脈絡、運行方式權力分配等均有相當之影響力,因此各廟管理組織之大小、分組狀況,與各廟信徒人數、組織之興辦事業,及主委均有關係。而在組織的運作上,各廟對內功能均較對外功能彰顯。 研究者最後並提出建議,希望各廟能相互擷長補短,多促進委員及委員與信徒間之接觸,並可加入同一主神之聯誼會、或者主動向傳播媒體、社會大眾告知其活動的消息,以提升管理組織之運作效率,並適時得到需要之資源。在政府方面則應避免相關法令規定陳義過高及申報之手續過程太複雜,主管單位於能力可及範圍內應主動提供各寺廟管理必要之援助,並深入瞭解管理組織運作不佳之原因,以發揮管理組織之功效。
6

平安時代の思想・神祗と社会変容

田口, 佳奈 25 November 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第18631号 / 文博第655号 / 新制||文||606(附属図書館) / 31545 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科歴史文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉川 真司, 教授 横田 冬彦, 准教授 上島 享 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM
7

內蒙古百靈廟自治運動之研究

胡木鵬, HU, MU-PENG Unknown Date (has links)
民國廿二年間,內蒙古王公、札薩克等盟旗長官,在內蒙古百靈廟(亦稱貝勒廟)召 開會議,商討自治問題,決議秉承 總理「扶植弱小民施,使之自決自治」之遺訓, 採行「高度自治」,除軍事、外交等權由中央統屬外,另立整個統一的內蒙自治政府 ,統轄所有盟旗政務,並取消蒙邊各省。除將會議情形發出通電外,並呈文中央請求 准許自治。經中央特派內政部長黃紹竑巡視內蒙,瞭解此事件背景與實情,俾供中央 處理之參據。迨民國廿三年春,第三九七次中央政治會議通過「蒙古地方自治辦法原 則八項」,同年四月廿三日,「內蒙古地方自治政務委員會」於百靈廟成立,並設指 導長官公署,負責指導地方自治與協調省縣與盟旗之紛爭。 百靈廟蒙政會時期,實為內蒙地方自治發展之關鍵階段。百靈廟自治運動,在內蒙自 治運動史上實非創舉,然此次自治運動產生的背景與結果,對內蒙地方自治的發展, 卻有舉足輕重的影響。是以百靈廟自治運動,引發個人深入探討研究之興趣。何以內 蒙王公要求自治如此之殷,其歷史背景如何?其發展經過如何?中央及察綏當局所持 之態度與政策如何?蒙政會究竟扮演何種角色,為何成立甫滿二年即告瓦解?皆為本 文所欲探討的重點。 本論文採傳統歷史研究途徑為經,兼採歸納、比較、分析、綜合等方法為緯,期能從 各種不同的角度與觀點,作深入而周詳之研究,期能有一完整的認識,俾供作中央制 訂蒙古地方自治相關政策之參考。
8

建構臺北縣寺廟輔導平衡計分卡之初探 / The Primary Search of Establishing Balanced Scorecard of Taipei County Temple Guidance

蔡啟發 Unknown Date (has links)
中文摘要 二十世紀末,世界主要經濟發展國皆面臨「雙重困境」(Catch -22),即政府財政危機日益惡化,但民眾需求卻日益高漲,因此各國政府莫不致力於政府再造工程,希望以「師法企業」來改善政府績效,其策略如民營化等,但以上單以追求經濟效率為基礎之改革策略,並無法真正解決政府失靈所引發之缺口,自1990年以來,隨著公民意識抬頭,各國民間之非營利組織日益蓬勃發展,形成政府部門、私人企業以外以公益為優先之「第三部門」,因此近來「師法企業」之重點逐漸轉向第三部門建立協力關係。 管理學者Peter F. Drucker曾指出,政府必須面對一個事實:政府的確不能做、也不擅長做社會或社區工作,從九二一地震及近來各種天災觀之,目前台灣已有不少第三部門組織能發揮極大救災之效率,為解決政府財政困窘及執行力之不足,政府逐漸轉向尋求社區志願性組織之協助,因此,如何善用這股資源將是政府目前最重要之議題。 故本研究以寺廟輔導之使命為興辦公益慈善及社會教化事業為主軸,採用James B.Whittaker 所著平衡計分卡應用於美國聯邦政府(Balanced Scorecard In The Federal Government)等相關文獻為研究途徑來分析目前臺北縣寺廟輔導相關問題,藉由平衡計分卡四大構面(寺廟服務對象、寺廟財務、寺廟內部程序、寺廟創新服務作為)來定出策略目標、指標及衡量標準,使寺廟主管機關(臺北縣政府)能將策略轉化為實際執行面,在有限資源之環境下,將日常之寺廟輔導業務能結合導引寺廟積極興辦公益慈善及社會化事業,以造福更多人群。 綜上,經以深度訪談訪問臺北縣政府宗教禮俗課同仁、鄉鎮市公所業務承辦人及學者專家後,彙整及分析資料,以建構臺北縣寺廟輔導平衡計分卡,研究結論得出:(1)寺廟服務對象構面:配合縣府政策興辦公益慈善事業程度、配合縣府政策興辦社會教化事業程度。(2)寺廟財務構面:收支決算報告之金額是否正確、是否有不合乎寺廟目的之處分財產情事、全年捐助興辦公益慈善事業金額佔其全年收入之比率、全年捐助興辦公益慈善事業金額佔其歷年累積結餘之比率。(3)寺廟內部程序構面:信徒大會(董監事會)是否依組織章程規定召開、負責人是否依組織章程規定改選、組織章程是否明定應興辦公益慈善及社會教化事業(4)寺廟創新服務構面:增辦公益慈善及社會教化事業項目之程度、資訊科技運用情形、結合其他寺廟辦理之程度、結合其他社會團體及慈善團體辦理程度、參與外界社會福利服務研習活動之程度、等十四個衡量指標。 研究建議為:(1)應將目前寺廟輔導業務之任務定位在輔導寺廟 往公益慈善及社會教化事業之興辦上。(2)強化寺廟輔導業務以公益 為核心價值。(3)大法官釋字第五七三號解釋對未來有關寺廟之財務 及內部程序構面勢必會造成重大變革,因應此種變革本研究之各指標 將會隨之修正。(4)由於寺廟相關問題複雜,平衡計分卡大部分皆以 衡量績效為目的,所謂之「績效」並不能完全運用至寺廟本身,因其 宗教淨化人心部分無法完全以此法來計分進而評估其績效,因此,本 計分卡之計分資料應先供縣府內部資料參考,不適宜公佈,以免引起 不必要反彈,且目前興辦公益事業無強制性,政府僅站在輔導立場鼓 勵各寺廟踴躍興辦;本平衡計分卡能清楚整體寺廟輔導之方向,相關 平衡計分卡實際執行時,仍應參考受評估之各寺廟之意見,如中央對 地方政府執行社會福利績效方式,採用每年與受考核之社福單位協商 各個指標及其權重,因此,本計分卡因限於研究時間及能力不足,無 法涵蓋到訪談各寺廟部分,因此為求能在執行時能順利推展,有待充 分與寺廟溝通,定期檢討計分卡各指標及權重有無須要修正之處,同 時機關主管應明瞭整個平衡計分卡實施之必要性及大力支持,始能順 利完成。(5)應建立臺北縣宗教輔導資訊系統以整合目前體寺廟輔導 業務跳脫傳統書面作業,以加強介紹各寺廟地理位置、沿革、宗教活 動等多元化角度,結合宗教、教育及觀光等多重功能,來增加各寺廟 團體與縣府相互溝通機會,凝聚向心力,並積極導向寺廟輔導方向為 注重公益慈善及社會教化事業之興辦,以發揮寺廟之功能,造福更多 人群。 / Toward the end of the 20th century major developed countries around the world were caught up in a Catch-22 situation, namely, governments were faced with worsening financial crisis while the demands of the people continued to pile up. As a result, these governments began to engage in government reconstruction projects, in hopes that they could learn something from the corporate world to improve administrative performances. Major strategies include privatization of government agencies. But reform strategies based on single pursuit of economic efficiency cannot really bridge the gaps left open by administrative malfunction. Since 1990 awareness of citizenship has begun to receive widespread attention. All over the world non-profit organizations began to stem up and prosper. In addition to government agencies and private enterprises, these organizations form “The Third Department” in which public welfares take precedence over other concerns. Recently the focus of “learning from private enterprises” began to be fastened on establishing collaborations with the Third Department. Business administration scholar Peter F. Drucker has pointed out that the government needs to realize one thing: The government is neither able nor equipped with the expertise to handle social or community works. Observation of the aftermath of 921 Earthquake and other natural disasters reveals that at present there have been quite a few Third-Department organizations capable of providing effective emergency relief to make up for the government’s financial deficit and inability to implement public projects. The government has begun to seek the assistance of volunteer organizations from the community. How to make effective use of these new resources has become one of the most important issues the government needs to address. This study is based on an attempt to provide assistance for religious temples and help them take part in philanthropic activities and social education undertakings. It employs documentations, including James B. Whittaker’s Balanced Scorecard In the Federal Government, to analyze issues pertinent to the assistance Taipei County Government provides for religious temples. Through the 4 major perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard (temple’s service targets, temple’s finances, temple’s internal procedures and temple’s innovative services) it formulates strategic goals, indicators and evaluation standards, so the governing agency (Taipei County Government) of religious temples will be able to turn strategies into implementation steps, so with limited resources it will be able to incorporate new tasks into the assistance it provides for religious temples and help them assume active roles in public welfares and social works to bring happiness to more people. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with employees of Taipei County Government Religions and Customs Division and responsible staffs of township/city administrations. The researcher also conducted focus interviews with scholars and experts. Interview data have been compiled and analyzed for establishing the Balanced Scorecard for Taipei County Government’s Religious Temple Assistance Policy. Research conclusions include: (1) Temple’s Service Targets Perspective: Extent of participation in philanthropic activities and social education undertakings in conjunction with the policy of the county government. (2) Temple’s Finances Perspective: Whether the amount of the income/expenditure of the final accounting is correct. Whether property disposal is not in compliance with the purpose of the religious temple. Annual donation to public welfare undertakings as a percentage of the total annual income. Annual donation to public welfare undertakings as a percentage of the accumulated balance over the years. (3) Temple’s Internal Procedures Perspective: Whether believers’ meetings and board meetings are convened in accordance with the provisions set forth in the organization charter. Whether the persons-in-charge are reelected in accordance with the organization charter. Whether provisions of the organization charter require participation in philanthropic activities and social education undertakings. (4) Temple’s Innovative Services Perspective: Extent to which new participations in philanthropic activities and social education undertakings are added. Extent to which information technologies are utilized. Extent to which other religious temples are incorporated in the efforts. Extent to which other social or philanthropic groups are incorporated in the efforts. Extent of participation in social welfare workshops sponsored by other entities. All together there are 14 indicators. This study proposes the following recommendations: (1) Current assistance provided for religious temples should be positioned at helping them take part in philanthropic activities and social education undertakings. (2) The fact that the core value of assistance provided for religious temples is public welfare should be highlighted. (3) Decision #573 of the Supreme Court will significantly impact the finances and internal procedures of religious temples. Various indicators of this study will be modified to respond to this impact. (4) Temple-related issues are very complicate. The main purpose of the Balanced Scorecard is for performance evaluation. But the so-called performance does not fully reflect the function of a religious temple, because we cannot utilize the Balanced Scorecard to grade how a religion has purified believers’ hearts. So the scoring data of this Balanced Scorecard should be classified as internal data of the county government. They are not to be disclosed to the general public. The action may give rise to unnecessary disputes. Also, at present participation in public welfare activities is required by law. The government’s role is to encourage participation in this area. This Balanced Scorecard can help clarify the overall direction of the assistance provided for religious temples. When the Balanced Scorecard is employed for evaluation, comments of the religious temple audited should be taken into account. Take the way the central government evaluates location government’s performance in social welfare policy implementation for example. Each year the central government will negotiate with the social welfare agency audited to determine the indicators and their weighted values. Limited by time and personal ability, the researcher was unable to conduct interviews with the religious temples. For smooth implementation, we need to fully communicate with the religious temples and periodically review the Balanced Scorecard to see if the indicators and their weighted values need modification. Governing agency’s understanding and support of the Balanced Scorecard is required in order for the evaluation to be successfully completed. (5) We need to establish Taipei County Religious Assistance Information System to incorporate current businesses of religious assistance. We need to go beyond traditional paperwork to better introduce the location, history and religious activities of all religious temples. We need to incorporate religious, educational and tourism functions to enhance communication opportunities between religious organizations and the county government, to build a sense of belonging, and to guide religious temples toward participation in philanthropic activities and social education undertakings in order to give full play to the role of a religious temple and bring blessings to more people.
9

鶯歌鎮民間信仰廟群與地方發展

謝詩凌 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文是以鄉鎮為範圍的民間信仰研究,亦談及祭祀圈遠跨至鶯歌的他鄉鎮大廟,筆者深受恩師林修澈教授及林美容教授對民間信仰研究的影響,選擇以一個開發、變遷快速的台北縣邊緣鄉鎮為研究地點,期待倚仗著前輩的研究基礎,進一步更深入、紮實地研究民間信仰,為民間信仰的研究作進一步的努力,也為歷史文化寫下記錄。   本論文的題目為「鶯歌鎮的民間信仰與地方發展」,第一個目標在探討鶯歌的發展史,第二個目標是觀察記錄鶯歌六十八個公眾性質信仰,並找出民間信仰與地方發展的關係。論文採用質化研究,以普查的田野調查方式進行,研究對象包括:七座跨庄頭廟,五十三座土地公廟,三個神明會,二個大墓公,三個特殊信仰。得到研究成果簡述如下:   1. 地方發展史:鶯歌鎮依地理地勢可分為平原、山地、台地三個生活區,東南部為大漢溪畔的平原,西北部近龜山山區及桃園台地。民族分布上南閩北客,且以泉州人為多(三峽祖師廟信仰),有許多同姓聚落,從農業、工業(【石回】仔)、到觀光業,逐步成長。   2. 大廟信仰:因為交通(河運、鐵路)、行政(區劃、地方政府)、經濟(【石回】仔)的發展、獨立,鶯歌碧龍宮與三峽祖師廟的勢力消長間,發生微妙的轉變。   3. 信仰概況:鶯歌鎮土地廟佔了全鎮的78%。其中又以鶯歌鎮西北部「廟分布」的密度較大。在清朝時代、日本時代、民國時代,「廟增加」的數目相當;目前「廟規模」以單開間廟為主,表示鶯歌處於村落形成與發展期的階段。   4. 跨庄頭信仰:以鶯歌鎮東南、西北為界,可以看到兩群跨庄頭的信仰勢力兩兩相對,如景美尪公vs.林口十八手觀音;三峽祖師公vs.嶺頂觀音媽;鶯歌大墓公vs.福安大墓公;八股媽vs.三界公。(見【圖5-1:全鶯歌鎮的跨庄頭信仰祭祀圈概念圖】)。   5. 信仰與發展:廟的組織形態,依著歷史的因素、距離的遠近,會產生各種變通的替代方案;廟的發展也會與地方相互呼應,不但反映民族文化,亦反映地方的發展狀況。
10

台北艋舺青山宮廟會之組織及象徵

詹千慧 Unknown Date (has links)
台北艋舺青山宮每年農曆十月二十、二十一及二十三日一連四天舉行靈安尊王聖誕祭典活動又稱「迎青山王祭」,在萬華地區是盛大的宗教活動,在民俗界享有「台北三大廟會」及「台北三大暗訪活動」之稱。青山宮主祀神靈安尊王是惠安先民自大陸福建惠安青山宮祖廟分靈過來的祖籍神,本文認為其在台北艋舺的建立,源於臺灣漢人傳統民間宗教信仰的特色—即以神明為核心,透過廟宇的建立使其成為信仰中心的代表。此一宗教特色與宗教邏輯被百姓習以為常,內化並融於日常社會生活制度與風俗習慣當中,也就是說,「廟宇」是民間信仰之具象存在物,展現了信眾的宗教情感與宗教經驗,台北艋舺青山宮所展現的即是在此種背景下孕育而生的民間宗教型態。 本文認為此一具體象徵背後包含著「信仰靈驗性」及「凝聚地方社會的力量」二個核心,本研究即是從此種相關的概念出發,並在歷史脈絡的框架下,檢視艋舺地區青山宮的建立與發展。 本文指出,其信仰的靈驗性奠基於主神靈安尊王「驅逐瘟疫」的超凡與神聖經驗上。這樣的靈驗傳說經驗始自清咸豐年間穰除瘟疫,後有鎮壓當地蟾蜍精傳說故事,乃至於近年台灣發生SARS事件流行疾病疫情,至今仍被認為對地方有其影響力。透過青山王的傳說故事,其顯靈救難、禳除瘟疫等神聖事蹟幫助信徒度過重重難關,因此深受地方百姓崇拜與敬畏,成為一精神情感的寄託方式。除了傳說主神靈安尊王對驅逐瘟疫相當靈驗之外,也因靈安尊王的顯聖救難穿梭在不同歷史時間中彰顯其神力依然,此種靈驗經驗不限於信徒的親身經驗,也有信徒間彼此口耳相傳,甚至是過去耆老講述過去的靈驗事蹟,使得萬華百姓至今仍然相信靈安尊王能夠繼續護佑當地。 本研究認為,此種靈驗事蹟繼續流傳於當地社會,深受當地信徒推崇與景仰並深植於百姓心中,因此產生出信仰的凝聚力與認同感,表現於經由共同崇奉的信徒所組織而成的地方社會力量,即信徒組織,他們極富熱心並參與地方公共事務。這與臺灣早年的拓墾社會有關,當時先民渡海來台又面臨不同族群間利益上的衝突及社會治安上的問題,因此轉而尋由宗教上的歸屬感,並發展出以同祖籍及同地緣關係為基礎的宗教組織,也是地方上的社會組織,如艋舺青山宮的子弟團即具代表性。青山宮子弟團的組成,緣於過去農村社會同一社區內居民的集體遊藝活動,也擔負著維護地方上治安以達自治、自衛之效的社會功能,同時也與宗教活動有密切的關係。換言之,子弟團結合了地緣、社會與宗教功能的特性。 艋舺當地社會文化所孕育的子弟團是一種擁有共同地緣關係的民間宗教團體,具有濃厚的傳統鄉土文化色彩。他們是一群有共同宗教信仰的信徒組成的信仰組織,對該宗教信仰有強烈的認同與使命感,即使現在行政上以「里」作為劃分單位,他們實際上仍延續清朝保甲制度下所劃分出來的區域,保有「角頭」這樣的民間特色,並在每年青山宮舉辦迎「靈安尊王祭」時表露無遺。筆者發現角頭是民間廟會活動的要角之一,活動期間各角頭人馬集結、整夜不停歇的用炮陣擋駕,是主宰整場廟會的核心。筆者認為在台灣民間信仰中,角頭具有一定程度的重要性,此種角色卻在官方文獻資料甚少提到,因此本研究冀望能夠初步一窺角頭在民間信仰所扮演的角色與功能。

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