El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito reducir el lead time y mejorar la efectividad de revisión de los entregables respecto al cumplimiento de objetivos estratégicos con la finalidad de mejorar el desempeño de los servidores públicos debido al limitado presupuesto existente. En el primer capítulo, se indica el marco teórico utilizado para el desarrollo de herramienta y metodología Lean Office que consta de 3 herramientas para que la metodología sea viable; siendo la herramienta eje “5S” para su desarrollo. Asimismo, se construyó el Estado del Arte tomando en consideración el “lugar”, “metodología” y “tema”. De la misma forma, en el capítulo 2 se describe el estado situacional del lugar de estudio sobre aspectos generales enfocándose en el proceso donde se justifica la importancia del problema relacionado a la evaluación de desempeño, la misma que se considera a través de una matriz de priorización, la cual se deriva de los objetivos estratégicos y su nivel de cumplimiento complementándose y consolidando las razones para identificar las causa raíz. Luego, de priorizar las causas que tengan mayor impacto en el proceso y la entidad con el objetivo de plantear contramedidas bajo la metodología Lean Office. En el capítulo 3, se desarrolla la metodología Lean Office, la primera parte se genera un mapa de valor donde se detalla las fuentes donde se genera sobretiempos como la repetición de actividades innecesarias y elementos que quitan valor al producto final o en proceso, para luego establecer indicadores Lean que muestren el tiempo del proceso, lead time y takt time. Según los desperdicios se elegirá las herramientas priorizando los procesos administrativos. Para ello, se utilizó 5’S y estandarización; al finalizar el proyecto se vuelve a medir las métricas a fin de evaluar los resultados encontrados a partir de la mejora planteada. Finalmente, se validará lo propuesto a través de juicio de expertos (validación técnica) y la validación económica a partir de la validación, los resultados son cumplir el takt time de s/informe, reducción de los tiempos en la unidad de planeamiento estratégico de 29.58%, obteniendo un TIR de 29.97% y VAN positivo de S/31,171.41 para una inversión de 5 años. / The purpose of this research work is to reduce the lead time and improve the effectiveness of the review of deliverables regarding the fulfillment of strategic objectives in order to improve the performance of public servants due to the limited existing budget. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework used for the development of the Lean Office tool and methodology is indicated, which consists of 3 tools so that the methodology is viable; being the “5S” axis tool for its development. Likewise, the State of the Art was built taking into consideration the “place”, “methodology” and “theme”. In the same way, in Chapter 2 the situational state of the study site on general aspects is described, focusing on the process where the importance of the problem related to performance evaluation is justified, which is considered through a matrix of prioritization, which is derived from the strategic objectives and their level of compliance complementing and consolidating the reasons to identify the root causes. Then, to prioritize the causes that have the greatest impact on the process and the entity in order to propose countermeasures under the Lean Office methodology. In chapter 3, the Lean Office methodology is developed, the first part generates a value map detailing the sources where overtime is generated such as the repetition of unnecessary activities and elements that detract from the final product or in process, and later set Lean indicators that show process time, lead time, and takt time. According to the waste, the tools will be chosen prioritizing the administrative processes. For this, 5's and standardization were used; at the end of the project, the metrics are measured again in order to evaluate the results found from the proposed improvement. Finally, the proposal will be validated through expert judgment (technical validation) and economic validation from the validation, the results are to comply with the takt time of s / report, reduction of time in the strategic planning unit of 29.58 %, obtaining an IRR of 29.97% and a positive NPV of S / 31,171.41 for a 5-year investment. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Nuestro proyecto nace desde la necesidad de cubrir un espacio comunicativo, colaborativo y adaptable a cualquier dispositivo en el rubro del diseño gráfico ya que este fue dejado por muchos programas de diseño digital o plataformas que se dedican a ello. La pandemia del COVID-19 implementó una nueva forma de trabajo la cual parece va a prevalecer de ahora en adelante para futuras generaciones, la cual es, el trabajo remoto. Esta modalidad no presencial ha traído consigo que los colaboradores puedan cumplir sus funciones desde cualquier parte del mundo, a cualquier hora y sin importar el huso horario en donde se encuentren ya que muchas empresas han implementado sistemas operativos transversales que permiten que el equipo esté totalmente comunicado y en sintonía de las actividades que cada uno realiza.    La presente investigación ha sido realizada con el fin de implementar el proceso de validación, en el cual se podrá observar si la aplicación en cuestión es lo que buscan los usuarios, si es realizable y sobre todo si es viable en términos económicos y financieros dentro del mercado del rubro. Consecuentemente, se realizó el desarrollo de un prototipo para poder mostrarle al usuario una base en la cual él pueda experimentar como si ya tuviera la aplicación dentro de su dispositivo. Esto nos sirvió para que en las entrevistas a expertos y usuarios podamos conocer las opiniones y puntos de mejora de los mismos con el fin de mejorar el prototipo final y lanzarlo al mercado.  En adición, a parte de los recursos mencionados anteriormente, se evaluaron diferentes escenarios dados por la planeación de marketing, operativa y financiera. Finalmente se presentan todos los aprendizajes, y análisis obtenidos por la información de los usuarios. / Our project will be based on the necessity of  covering a communicative, collaborative and adaptable space to any device in the field of graphic design, since this operational key has not been offered by many digital design programs or platforms that are dedicated to it.   The COVID-19 pandemic implemented a new way of working which seems to be there from now to a long future, which is remote work sessions. This non-face-to-face modality has meant that workers can carry out their duties from anywhere in the world, at any time and regardless of the time zone where they are located, since many companies have implemented transversal operating systems that allow them to be fully connected and in tune with the activities that each performs.   The present investigation has been carried out in order to implement the validation process, in which it will be possible to observe if the app is what the users are looking for, if it is feasible and above all if it is viable in economic and financial terms in the market. Consequently, the development of a prototype was carried out in order to show the user a base in which they can experiment inside as if they already had the application on his device. This was an excellent tool because in the interviews with experts and users we can know their opinions and points of improvement in order to have a better prototype and launch it on the market.   In addition, apart from the resources mentioned above, different scenarios given by marketing, operational and financial planning were evaluated. Finally, all the learnings and analyzes by the information obtained from the users are presented. / Trabajo de investigación

Titel: Leadership in remote work during the covid-19 pandemic. Level: Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration  Author: Sibel Kervanci & Martial Ntungane  Supervisor: Monika Wallmon Date: 2022 - January Aim: The purpose of this work is with the help of path goal theory to investigate how leaders apply their leadership in remote work. Method: This study has used a qualitative method in the form of 9 semi-structured interviews at the same time as a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire with 9 participants was produced. Conclusion: The result presented through the study has been that the majority of the respondents showed a mixture of the directive and achievement-oriented leadership behavior. The motivation and relationship of the employees has been affected during the pandemic and to remedy this, all leaders have used digital aids. Contribution of the thesis: This study will contribute to an expanded understanding of how leaders in different industries can lead and motivate employees in times of crisis. The study can benefit both leaders and employees, but the main focus is on how leaders should act during remote work. Suggestions for future research: This study is conducted from a leadership perspective, for further research it would be interesting to present a study based on the path goal theory with a focus on from employee perspective. Regarding the goal path theory, we have based this study on the four leadership styles that House (1974) highlights. However, new leadership styles have been developed since then and it would therefore be interesting to include the new leadership styles in future research. / Titel: Ledarskap vid distansarbete under covid-19 pandemin. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå i företagsekonomi.  Författare: Sibel Kervanci & Martial Ntungane Handledare: Monika Wallmon  Datum: 2022 - Januari  Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att med hjälp av målvägsteorin undersöka hur ledare tillämpar sitt ledarskap vid distansarbete. Metod: Denna studie har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod i form av 9 semistrukturerade intervjuer samtidigt som en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning med 9 deltagare framställts.   Resultat och Slutsats:  Resultatet som framförts genom studien har varit att majoriteten av respondenterna uppvisat en blandning av det vägledande och prestationsinriktade ledarbeteendet. Motivationen samt relationen hos medarbetarna har påverkats negativt under pandemin och för att åtgärda detta har samtliga ledare använt sig av digitala hjälpmedel.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie bidrar till en utökad förståelse kring hur ledare inom olika branscher kan gå tillväga för att leda samt motivera medarbetare vid distansarbete. Studien kommer att kunna tas del av ledare och medarbetare. Fokuset riktas främst till hur ledarna bör agera under distansarbete. Förslag till vidare forskning: I denna studie har vi utgått ifrån ett ledarperspektiv, till vidare forskning hade det varit intressant att framföra en liknande studie som utgår ifrån målvägsteorin men med fokus på medarbetarperspektiv för att kunna få en större uppfattning ur deras synvinkel. Utifrån målvägsteorin har vi utgått ifrån de fyra ledarskapsstilarna som House (1974) belyser.  Det har däremot framtagits nya ledarskapsstilar som hade varit intresseväckande att inkludera i framtida forskning.

En la presente investigación, se busca conocer la importancia que tiene la cultura organizacional sobre uno de los elementos que define la competitividad de las empresas como lo es la eficiencia. Conociendo la importancia que tiene la cultura organizacional sobre diversos aspectos de una empresa, puede considerarse como evidente que también la tenga sobre la eficiencia. Sin embargo, esta investigación explora dicha influencia en un sector poco investigado, por lo menos en el Perú, tratándose del rubro de la consultoría en RR. HH. Un sector que está mayormente enfocado en el capital humano y es en base a este recurso que se mide el nivel de eficiencia. En síntesis, el análisis cuenta con la cultura organizacional como variable independiente y la eficiencia como dependiente. Dichas variables son desglosadas en dimensiones que permiten entender por medio de la investigación y también teniendo en cuenta el nivel de valoración de los trabajadores hacia las variables y sus dimensiones que se busca conocer cómo las dimensiones de la cultura organizacional influyen de manera positiva en la eficiencia para, en base a dichos resultados, ofrecer recomendaciones a nivel de empresa sobre estrategias de mejora en el ámbito de cultura dentro de la organización enfocado en un cambio positivo tanto en la eficiencia como tal como en su valoración por parte de los trabajadores. / In this research, the aim is to determine the importance of organizational culture on one of the elements that defines the competitiveness of companies, namely efficiency. Knowing the importance that organizational culture has on various aspects of a company, it can be considered evident that it also has an influence on efficiency. However, this research explores this influence in a sector that has not been investigated much, at least in Peru, being the HR consulting sector. In summary, the analysis has organizational culture as an independent variable and efficiency as a dependent variable. These variables are broken down into dimensions that allow us to understand through research and also taking into account the level of valuation of workers towards the variables and their dimensions that we seek to know how the dimensions of organizational culture positively influence efficiency to, based on these results, offer recommendations at the company level on strategies for improvement in the field of culture within the organization focused on a positive change both in efficiency as such and in its valuation by workers. / Tesis

De acuerdo con los libros de texto y otros tantos significados que encontramos en las redes, una crisis puede ser vista por muchos como una oportunidad para, no solo ver el vaso medio lleno sino también para, aprovechar la mejora de nuestro desempeño, nuestra gestión y por ende nuestro impacto. Pues, durante el caótico año 2020, el mundo atravesó una de las crisis más devastadoras en cuestión de salud que aún hasta la fecha viene registrando mortales consecuencias en la vida de todos los ciudadanos. Asimismo, esta crisis generada por el COVID-19 impactó de forma negativa a muchas empresas en el Perú, la mayoría de ellas se vieron obligadas a detener sus operaciones, mientras que otras del sector industrial debieron adaptarse rápidamente y activar mecanismos de respuesta para poder seguir trabajando. Es en esta instancia, en la que la gestión de comunicación interna de las empresas cobra vital importancia para mantener y desarrollar activamente la información relevante que toda empresa comparte con sus trabajadores. La presente investigación pretende demostrar el rol fundamental de la comunicación estratégica durante esta crisis sanitaria y la conexión que genera entre organización, líderes y colaboradores. Abordaremos la relevancia de las acciones de comunicación interna, así como las actividades que permitieron generar compromiso y sentido de pertenencia entre los trabajadores a pesar de la distancia. Se evaluará la generación de compromiso y se presentarán conclusiones concretas que permitan mejorar la generación de espacios virtuales de comunicación, campañas de sensibilización y reeducación en el uso de canales internos y externos. / According to textbooks and some important information about this topic we find in the networks, a crisis can be seen by many as an opportunity not only to see the glass as half full but also to take advantage of the improvement of our performance, our management and hence our impact. Moreover, during the chaotic year 2020, the world went through one of the most devastating crises in terms of health that even to date has been registering deadly consequences in the lives of all citizens. Likewise, this crisis generated by COVID-19 negatively impacted many companies in Peru, most of them were forced to stop their operations, while others in the industrial sector had to quickly adapt and activate several mechanisms response to be able to continue working or even operating. At this point, the internal communication management of companies becomes vitally important to maintain and actively develop the relevant information that they share with its workers. This research aims to demonstrate the fundamental role of strategic communication during this health crisis and the connection it generates between the organization, leaders, and employees. We will address the relevance of internal communication actions, as well as the activities that allowed commitment and a sense of belonging among workers despite the distance and the virtuality. The commitment accomplished will be evaluated and some conclusions will be presented to improve the generation of virtual communication spaces, awareness campaigns and re-education in the use of internal and external channels and mechanisms. / Trabajo de investigación

This study focuses on agile systems development teams which work remotely during the COVID pandemic. Purpose: To identify the missing topics in informal communication and the relationship between them and team collaboration. Method: Survey is used to collect nominal data, ordinal data and qualitative data of text. 101 people participated in the survey. Analysis: An independent T-test, Spearman's rank correlation and content analysis are conducted. Result: There is a lack of discussion topics on personal information (e.g. a deeper insight into a person’s private life), social conversations (e.g. greetings and questions about weekend plans), support (e.g. giving tips and asking for help) and complaints (e.g. frustration regarding work) when they are teleworking during the COVID pandemic. Conversational topics on personal information, social conversations, support and complaints have a weak positive association with teamwork. Topics on personal information and social conversations are more strongly associated with teamwork than topics on support and complaints. The most striking results are the lack of social conversations in the age group between 30 and 39 years and those whose years of experience are between one and three years. Discussion and Conclusion: It is possible that the magnitude of topic shortages changes depending on the age and years of experience of team members, which may be a factor in how well team collaboration works. It may also become a factor determining the quality of team collaboration that causes teams to take proactive steps to increase the amount of informal communication. This study proposes to increase the amount of topics of personal information and social conversations and take serious measures to increase the amount of social conversations if the team is based on many team members whose age is between 30 and 39 years and whose years of experience are between one and three years.

Introduction At the start of 2020 Sweden gets their first documented case of Covid -19. On March 16th the Public Health Agency of Sweden recommended that schools and universities should conduct their education on distance mode. These recommendations would also apply to businesses all around Sweden where it is possible to work remotely. Previous studies have shown that working remotely requires that leadership must take more responsibility. Additionally, the need for clear management control and communication. Purpose The purpose of this study is to research how management control and communication works and have changed within knowledge intensive organizations where daily operations has gone on distance mode due to the corona pandemic. Method The research has been conducted using a qualitative method where both managers and employees have been interviewed. The interviewed people represent three different organizations, a management company, the industrial unit within the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and a legal unit within Swedish Public Employment Service. Result and contribution According to our research, remote work during the Covid-19 pandemic has led to informal meetings on the workplace has been heavily reduced or completely seized. This change has affected managers ability to retain a healthy relationship to their employees. The study show that a management control based on trust and a leadership based on trust has been an advantage, especially within knowledge intensive organizations. The underlying challenge for the managers has been missing communication and knowledge sharing. / Inledning  Den 31 januari 2020 får Sverige sitt första konstaterade fall av Covid-19. Den 16 Mars presenterar Folkhälsomyndigheten rekommendationerna om att svenska gymnasieskolor, universitet, högskolor och övrig utbildning att ske på distans. Dessa rekommendationer kommer även att gälla för samtliga verksamheter i Sverige som har möjlighet att arbeta på distans. Under distansarbete visar tidigare forskningen på ett ökat behov av en medveten och välutvecklad arbetsledning, samt behovet av en tydligare styrning och kommunikation.  Syfte  Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur styrningen och kommunikationen fungerar samt förändrats inom kunskapsorganisationer där verksamheten har gått över till distansarbete, som en följd av pandemin.   Metod  Undersökningen är utförd med en kvalitativ metod där vi har intervjuat chefer och medarbetare. De olika kunskapsorganisationer vi undersökt är ett managementbolag, Industrienheten inom Naturvårdsverket och rättsavdelningen på Arbetsförmedlingen. Resultat och bidrag Distansarbetet har enligt samtliga respondenter, lett till att informella möten på arbetsplatsen minskat eller helt upphört. Det har påverkat chefernas förmåga att upprätthålla en viktig relation till medarbetarna, men även inverkat på informationsflödet. Denna studie visar att en tillitsbaserad styrning och ett tillitsbaserat ledarskap är fördelaktigt under distansarbetet, speciellt inom kunskapsorganisationer. De stora utmaningarna för de chefer som intervjuats kan härledas till bortfall av kommunikation och kunskapsdelning.

Hybrid work is already a big part of many organizations' structure. This phenomenon presents many new ways of how work is performed and carries new challenges with it. Parallel to that, the importance of working IT securely and coping with IT threats is significant in all fields of work. In this case study, we interview employees at a Swedish IT consultancy company, about their perceptions of hybrid work and their perceived ability to keep information secure in a hybrid work setting. Six employees from the company were selected for interviews. These interviews were then analyzed from the theoretical framework of Protection Motivation Theory which presents ways to explain how individuals are motivated to mediate threats alongside the ISO standard which is used to explain coping behaviors. This study concludes that the employees’ perception regarding the ability to keep information secure while working hybridly is diverse. Furthermore, the office has an important role in perceived security. The final finding reveals that current information security guidelines in ISO need to be updated or expanded to better guide organizations implementing remote work.

The phenomenon of Digital Nomads (DN) is quickly becoming a rising trend within the knowledge workforce. Their idea is to work remotely and travel the world at the same time. In this thesis 8 semi-structured interviews with DNs were performed to answer the following research questions: (1) What kind of challenges do Digital Nomads face and how do they overcome them? (2) What can we learn from digital nomadism in relation to the future of work? Half of the participants were self-employed DN and the other half were employed by a company. Challenges they faced were divided into three perspectives: individual, work-related and global challenges. Their definition of a ‘true’ DN, their attitudes towards corporate work and experienced challenges are presented in the findings. By analyzing the findings, DN in relation to the future of work is discussed as well as challenges DN and corporates face together and suggestions on how to create a better collaboration between the two is presented.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur relationen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor som distansarbetar på Halmstad Kommun. Syftet är även att få en tydlig bild av hur distansarbete skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor och om det påverkar arbetsdelningen i hemmer utifrån en könsrelation. Studiens resultat har samlats in genom åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor och män vars svar har analyserats med hjälp av Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystemet och Sue Campbell Clarks gränsteori. I slutsatserna påvisas det att de intervjuade kvinnorna och männen anser att relationen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv påverkas av distansarbete. Kvinnorna som intervjuats anser att den typiska könsfördelningen vad gäller arbetsdelningen i hemmer blir mer tydlig vid distansarbete. Männen som intervjuats anser att det har ett ökat ansvar gällande hemarbete när de distansarbetar. / The study aims to investigate how the relationship between private life and working life differs between men and women who work remotely in Halmstad municipality. The aim is also to get a clearer picture of how remote work differs between men and women and if it affects the division of labor in the home based on a gender relationship. The results of the study have been collected through eight qualitative interviews with women and men whose answers have been analyzed using Yvonne Hirdman’s theory of the gender system and Sue Campbell Clark’s Work/Family border theory. In the conclusions, it is stated that the interviewed women and men believe that the relationship between private life and working life is affected by remote work. The women who were interviewed believe that the typical gender distribution in terms of the division of labor in the home becomes clearer when working remotely. The men interviewed believe they have an increased responsibility regarding household chores when they work remotely.