Fatores ambientais adversos, dos quais o déficit hídrico constitui a restrição mais severa à agricultura, representam cerca de 70% das perdas de produtividade em todo o mundo. A irrigação da cana-de-açúcar é hoje, uma das principais alternativas tecnológicas para o aumento da produtividade do setor sucroenergético, melhorando não só a eficiência no campo como, também, reduzindo a ociosidade industrial das usinas. Contudo, havendo-se disponibilidade hídrica para irrigação, implica-se na necessidade de outorga de direito de uso para captação. A outorga é um dos seis instrumentos da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (Lei Federal nº 9.433, de 08 de janeiro de 1997). Esse instrumento tem como objetivo assegurar o controle quantitativo e qualitativo dos usos da água e o efetivo exercício dos direitos de acesso aos recursos hídricos. O cálculo das vazões mensais de outorga para captação em corpos hídricos de domínio federal é atualmente obtido através de dados estimados de precipitação pluvial efetiva provável e evapotranspiração de referência do local, fornecidos pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), de parâmetros da cultura (época de plantio e coeficientes de cultura - kc), área irrigada e eficiência da irrigação, fornecidos pelo requerente da outorga. Assim, como hipótese primária deste estudo de que a metodologia de cálculo das vazões mensais de outorga proposta pela ANA não fornece segurança operacional para grandes empreendimentos, uma vez que esta não possui um caráter probabilístico adequado, que leve em consideração as variações anuais de precipitação pluvial e evapotranspiração e, ainda, como hipótese secundária de que na determinação das vazões através da metodologia recomendada pela FAO (CROPWAT 8.0) ocorram vulnerabilidades diante dos critérios de escolha dos anos representativos (anos secos, médios e úmidos), ambas podendo restringir as vazões de captação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar tais metodologias com um estudo de caso mais detalhado, levando-se em consideração a variabilidade temporal destas estimativas (séries históricas), bem como, buscando-se determinar a influência do critério de irrigação e dos níveis de probabilidade de ocorrência da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e precipitação (PPT) na determinação das vazões mensais de outorga para irrigação de cana-de-açúcar. Evidenciou-se que, durante o período compreendido entre os meses de abril a setembro (período \"seco\"), a metodologia de cálculo proposta pela ANA atendeu as necessidades de projeto. Contudo, no período onde se concentram as precipitações pluviais (outubro a março), esta tendeu a subestimar os valores mensais das vazões outorgáveis, uma vez que não dispõe de um critério adequado que considere as variações anuais deste elemento meteorológico, limitando a outorga a uma condição média provável. Entretanto, diante da morosidade da análise de séries históricas, ano-a-ano, é compreensível que se busque facilitar estas estimativas. Assim, a metodologia proposta pela FAO (simulações de anos com diferentes probabilidades teóricas de valores \"atingíveis\" de PPT acumulada anual), bem como, a metodologia alternativa proposta neste estudo (PPT acumulada no período seco) aproximaram-se ou, até mesmo, superam a condição \"ideal\", porém, devido à determinação destes anos não levar em consideração a distribuição dos acumulados (dentro do período considerado), a metodologia apresentou limitações. / The adverse environmental factors, of which drought is the most severe agriculture limitation, account for about 70% of yield losses worldwide. The irrigation of sugarcane is today one of the main technological alternatives to increase the productivity, improving not only the field efficiency but also reducing the idleness of industrial plants. However, having up water availability for irrigation implies on the need of water rights for its catchment. The water right is one of six instruments of the Brazilian National Water Resources Policy (Federal Law nº 9.433, January 08, 1997). This instrument aims to ensure the quantitative and qualitative control of water use and the effective exercise of the access rights to water resources. The calculation of the monthly flows to water rights for catchment in rivers of federal domain is currently obtained through estimated local data of probable effective rainfall and reference evapotranspiration, provided by the National Water Agency (ANA), crop parameters (time planting and crop coefficients - kc), irrigated area and irrigation efficiency, in turn provided by the claimant of water right. Thus, as the primary hypothesis of this study that the calculation methodology of monthly flows of water right proposed by the ANA does not provide operational safety for large enterprises, since it does not have a suitable probabilistic character that takes into account the annual variation of rainfall and evapotranspiration, and also, as a secondary hypothesis that in determining the water rights flows through the methodology proposed by FAO (CROPWAT 8.0) is subject to vulnerabilities on the selecting criteria for the representative years (dry, average and wet year), both methodologies may be restricted the flow of catchment. This study aimed to compare these methodologies with a more detailed study of case, that takes into account the temporal variability of these estimates (time series), seeking to determine the influence of irrigation criterion and probability levels of occurrence of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and precipitation (PPT) in the determination of monthly flows rate of water right applied to sugarcane irrigation practices. It was evident that during the period between the months from April to September (\"dry\" period), the calculation methodology proposed by ANA supplied the project requirements. However, the period which are concentrated rainfall (October to March), this tended to underestimate the monthly values of water rights flows rate, as it does not provide an appropriate criterion to consider the annual weather variations of this element, limiting the water rights to an average probable condition. Though, given the difficulty of working with data time series analysis, year-on-year, it is understandable the use of simplified methodologies that facilitate these estimatives. Thus, the methodology proposed by FAO (years simulations with different theoretical probability \"attainable\" values of PPT annual accumulated), as well as the alternative method proposed in this study (PPT accumulated in dry period) approached or even exceeded the \"ideal\" condition, however, the determination of these years did not take into account the distribution of rainfall accumulated (within the period considered) an thus, the methodology presented limitations.

Requirement elicitation is a critical activity in the requirement development process and it explores the requirements of stakeholders. The success or failure of this process is based on identifying the relevant stakeholders and discovering their needs as well as the quality of requirements. The quality of the requirements is greatly influenced by methods applied during requirements elicitation process. Only complete and structured requirements make these projects more reliable. The common challenges that analysts face during elicitation process are to ensure effective communication between stakeholders as well as the acquisition of tacit knowledge. Mostly errors in the systems are due to poor communication between user and analyst, and these errors require more resources (time and money) to correct them. The understandability problems during elicitation process of large web projects can lead to requirements ambiguous, inconsistent, incorrect and unusable. Different methods (Conversational, Observational, Analytical and Synthetic) are available to deal with the problems during requirement elicitation process. The challenge for analysts is to select an appropriate method or set of methods and apply them for the clear, consistent and correct requirement gathering. This study based on the results of interviews conducted to the professionals, who have industrial experience in development of web systems. The elicitation problems that are identified in literature and interview along with applicability of elicitation methods for requirement gathering in large web projects development are documented in this report. / Umar Sajjad Charhoi, Kotli, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Muhammad Qaisar Hanif Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

This bachelor thesis deals with the subject of business process modelling in an outsourced environment. The communication process between two parties that are on either side of the globe can be problematic and affect the quality of the system requirements. The background of this study is that there is a lack of communication between these parties, which will eventuate in poor results.   The purpose of this study is to find out whether it is possible to make use of business process modelling in an outsourced environment in order to increase the quality of system requirements by bringing the two parties closer together with help of a common language. A qualitative approach was used to interview relevant informants at Länsförsäkringar AB and its business units Länsförsäkringar Liv and Länsförsäkringar Bank.   We have identified that it is not necessarily the system requirements that have a poor quality but how these system conveyed to the external supplier. Based on our data collection, we realized the great benefits of business process modelling as a means of communication in the system development, which can be a huge advantage in an outsourced environment. According to our study, it is certain that a business process modelling with mapped processes and flow charts can support communication as a common language because of the creation of processes and images instead of text.

<p>The Swedish Road Administration (SRA) is responsible for maintenance of the state-run roads in Sweden. The SRA also has an overarching responsibility for the state of the environment in the road transport sector. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine the implementation of environmental requirements in SRA road maintenance contracts and to develop an improved model for the implementation of environmental requirements, making it easier for the SRA to establish an optimal contracting strategy for routine road maintenance. Using several qualitative methodologies, the thesis is mainly based on a content analysis of 18 tender documents, two case studies consisting of five cases and a questionnaire. The study shows that the SRA have stipulated environmental requirements in procurements of routine road maintenance since 1997. The formulation of the environmental requirements was initially carried out at the Regional Road Management Directorates. However, in the case of trucks and construction vehicles relevant organisations were given the opportunity to actively participate in the development of environmental requirements. The contractors in the study fulfil about three-quarters of the environmental requirements in the contracts. The main reasons for not complying with the environmental requirements are: i) absence of consultation with municipalities and competent authorities, and ii) inadequate communication of environmental requirements to subcontractors. The benefit to the environment of laying down environmental requirements for road maintenance is difficult to assess, due to unclear environmental requirements and the fact that the SRA does not systematically follow up the environmental requirements. The findings of the research indicate that the SRA have made a serious effort to integrate environmental aspects in their maintenance contracts through the use of environmental requirements. However, the SRA need to adopt a more systematic approach towards road maintenance contracts in order to make green procurement an effective tool for environmental adaptation of road maintenance. The thesis proposes an improved process for development, implementation and follow-up of environmental requirements. The proposed process can be summarised in five criteria that need to be fulfilled in order to achieve an environmentally efficient application of environmental requirements: i) the environmental requirements have to be based on legislation, environmental quality objectives, identified environmental problems and/or research, ii) environmental indicators and baselines have to be established in order to facilitate follow-up of compliance with the requirements, iii) the environmental requirements have to be stated clearly in order to limit misinterpretations and to facilitate follow-up, iv) the contractors have to develop working processes, routines and training based on the environmental requirements, v) routines for following-up compliance with the requirements and the environmental effectiveness need to be developed, and there has to be a feedback of the results. Furthermore, the purchasing function needs to be integrated with the implementation of the contracts. Although, having faced several problems during the introduction of environmental requirements, the SRA have managed to meet the main arguments that are used for justification of green procurement. However, if slightly changed, the process of green procurement has the potential of becoming an important tool in the work for enhancing the environmental performance of the SRA.</p>

Šiame darbe visų pirma pateikiama alternatyvaus investavimo fondų apžvalga, vėliau pereinama prie arbitražo strategijų nagrinėjimo. Norint išnaudoti atsiradusį kainų skirtumą tarp dviejų vertybinių popierių su vienodais ateities pinigų srautais reikia pigesnį iš jų pirkti, o brangesnį skolintis ir parduoti. Skirtumui sumažėjus ar išnykus gaunamas pelnas. Skolinantis realiose rinkose beveik visada reikalaujama užstato. Dėl šios priežasties, kainų skirtumui netikėtai padidėjus, patiriamas nuostolis. Arbitražas tampa rizikinga investicija, reikalaujančia pradinio kapitalo. Sukūrėme patį paprasčiausią modelį, parodantį užstato reikalavimo įtaką pelnui iš arbitražo, taip pat randame optimalią strategiją, maksimizuojančią šį pelną. Parodome, kad rinkoje gali egzistuoti arbitražo galimybės, kurios nebus išnaudojamos dėl galimo kainų skirtumo padidėjimo. / This paper, after giving a short introduction to hedge fund industry, studies arbitrage strategies. We consider two assets with identical cash flows. Initially, there is a gap between their prices. Arbitrageur, willing to profit from the mispricing, buys cheaper of the two assets and sells the more expensive one short. If the price difference converges to zero, he makes profit. Arbitrage position can generate losses if the spread widens before converging. Short selling is almost always done with a collateral requirement. For this reason, arbitrage position can generate losses if the spread widens before converging. Arbitrage becomes a risky investment with an initial wealth requirement. We created a simple model, showing how collateral requirement affects profit from an arbitrage opportunity. We also found the optimal strategy to maximize this profit. We showed that arbitrage opportunities can exist in a market; however, they might not be exploitable due to unexpected widening of spreads.

Today, globally distributed software development is an unstoppable trend in Information Technology (IT) all over the world due to the benefits it provides such as cost benefits, time saving, accessing the large labor pool and available resources. However, globally distributed software companies face some issues in this regard. Cultural differences are introduced and discussed as one of the fundamental issues in globally distributed IT companies. Further, it is evident from the literature that business analysis process is the fundamental phase of software development process that affects the entire process of software development, and requires effective communication and collaboration among teams and between team members. Globally distributed software development makes the business analysis process and its related sub-phases even much more complicated than it is. Therefore, in this study, the influence of cultural differences on globally distributed business analysis process is analyzed. In order to do that, I conduct a qualitative study in which employees of the Turkey and Poland branches of the GTECH IT Company are interviewed. Hence, in this study remote project team member are asked about varying cultural differences that I extract from several existing cultural models and unify them into an integrated model. There are many studies exist about cultural differences in literature and these studies has similarity and differences which are creating complexity for readers and researchers. Hence, in this research Hofstede’s, Hall’s and Trompenaars’ cultural frameworks are unified and then I develop a new cultural model. By applying this new framework or model I investigated the influence of varying cultural differences on business analysis process that is conducted in a globally distributed IT company.

We examine risk taking when the bank's preferences exhibit smooth ambiguity aversion. Ambiguity is modeled by a second-order probability distribution that captures the bank's uncertainty about which of the subjective beliefs govern the financial asset return risk. Ambiguity preferences are modeled by the (second-order) expectation of a concave transformation of the (first-order) expected utility of profit conditional on each plausible subjective distribution of the return risk. Within this framework, the banking firm finds it less attractive to take risk in the presence than in the absence of ambiguity. This result extends to the case of greater ambiguity aversion. Given that the competitive bank's smooth ambiguity preferences exhibit non-increasing absolute ambiguity aversion, imposing a more stringent capital requirement to the bank reduces the optimal amount of loans, if the bank's coefficient of relative risk aversion does not exceed unity. Ambiguity and ambiguity aversion as such have adverse effect on the bank's risk taking.

Estudos para estabelecer níveis de nutrientes adequados em dietas de animais são bastante comuns no meio científico. Tais estudos são realizados utilizando a média da variável resposta nos diferentes níveis da variável independente e, geralmente, por meio de abordagem frequentista. Sendo assim, muita informação é perdida ou até mesmo as médias influenciadas por valores extremos nos resultados das repetições. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo de simulação de modelos de regressão com platô de resposta, considerando diversos cenários de diferentes tamanhos amostrais, além da homogeneidade e heterogeneidade de variância entre níveis do fator dosagem levando em consideração as repetições em cada dosagem, por meio de abordagem bayesiana. Também foi realizado ajustes dos modelos de regressão quadrático com platô de resposta e do não linear com platô de resposta utilizando a metodologia bayesiana para estimar os parâmetros dos modelos. Os dados simulados representavam o teor de Zinco (Zn) depositado na tíbia de frangos, que receberam as dosagens 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 ppm de Zn na ração. Nos cenários 1, 2 e 3 foi atribuído variância constante, com tamanhos amostrais de n=16, n=30 e n=100, respectivamente. Nos cenários 4, 5 e 6, foram considerados também os tamanhos amostrais n=16, n=30 e n=100, respectivamente, mas com diferentes variâncias ao longo do fator dose. Os dados utilizados para o estudo sobre os modelos de regressão com platô de resposta são referentes ao teor de Zinco (Zn), em ppm, na tíbia de frangos e frangas de corte como variável resposta. A análise de simulação mostrou que é adequada a utilização dos modelos com platô de resposta considerando a repetição das amostras em cada dose para estimar o nível adequado de um nutriente na ração animal. No ajuste dos modelos aos dados reais, o modelo de regressão quadrático com platô de resposta considerando a heterogeneidade de variâncias foi o que apresentou melhor ajuste, em que obteve-se uma estimativa de x&#770;0 = 73, 26 ppm para o nível de Zn aplicado na ração para uma deposição de Zn na tíbia dos frangos de P&#770; = 290, 12 ppm. / Studies to establish adequate levels of nutrients in animal diets are quite common in the scientific world. Such studies are performed using the mean of the response variable in the different levels of the independent variable and, generally, through a frequentist approach. Thus, much information is lost or even the means influenced by extreme values in the results of the repetitions. The objective of the present work was to perform a simulation study of regression models with response plateau, where as different scenarios of different sample sizes, besides the homogeneity and heterogeneity of variance between levels of the dosage factor taking the repetitions in each dosage into account, through Bayesian approach. Fits were also made to the quadratic regression models with response plateau and nonlinear regression with response plateau using Bayesian methodology to estimate the parameters of the models. The simulated data represented the zinc content (Zn) deposited in the tibia of broilers, which received the dosages 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 ppm of Zn in the feed. In the scenarios 1, 2 and 3 were attributed constant variance with sample sizes of n = 16, n = 30 and n = 100, respectively. In the scenarios 4, 5 and 6 the sample sizes were, respectively, n = 16, n = 30 and n = 100, but with different variances along the dose factor. The data used for the study on the regression models with response plateau refer to the Zn content, in ppm, in the tibia of male and female broilers as response variable. The simulation analysis showed that it is appropriate to use the models with response plateau considering the repetition of the samples at each dose to estimate the adequate level of a nutrient in the animal feed. In the fit of the models to the real data, the quadratic regression model with response plateau considering the heterogeneity of variances was the one that presented the best fit, which an estimate of x&#770;0 = 73.26 ppm for the level of Zn applied to the feed for a Zn deposition in the chicken tibia of P&#770; = 290.12 ppm.

This thesis investigates the implications of positive polarity for grammar. The empirical focus is on two positive polarity particles in Sinhala, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Sri Lanka. Sinhala has two particles -hari and -da that systematically appear across disjunction, indefinite and question constructions. Traditionally, these particles have been called Q-particles (i.e. Hagstrom (1998); Cable (2010); Slade (2011); a.m.o). They have so far been analyzed in terms of either Q-question/-uantifier operators (Kishimoto (2005)) or choice function variables (cf. Hagstrom (1998); Cable (2010); Slade (2011)). This thesis presents new data pertaining to the distribution and interpretation of disjunctions and indefinites formed with the two particles in contexts of negation, modals, quantifiers and intensional operators, that none of the previous accounts has captured. It proposes to analyze the grammar of the two particles based on their positive polarity character associated with exhaustivity (cf. Spector (2014); Nicolae (2017)). It claims that we can account for a wide range of grammatical phenomena such as ignorance inferences, scope or non/specificity effects, free/no choice implicatures and de re/dicto readings of -hari and -da disjunctions/indefinites in matrix and overt modal/quantifier contexts based on a distribution requirement (DR) derived by way of exhaustification with respect to alternatives of a disjunction or indefinite. The thesis casts its proposal in a hybrid system of lexical (cf. Levinson (2000); Chierchia (2004)) and grammatical (cf. Fox (2007); Chierchia et al. (2012)) approaches borrowing insights from both approaches. It also utilizes a hybrid framework of Hamblin semantics (cf. Hamblin (1973); Kratzer and Shimoyama (2002); Alonso-Ovalle (2006)) to keep domain alternatives separated and application of an alternative sensitive exhaustivity (Exh) operator (cf. the grammatical approach) to derive implicatures. Obligatory exhaustivity is treated as a morphological requirement/ lexical property of the particles -hari and -da represented by an uninterpretable exhaustivity [unExh] feature. Then, this lexical property is factored into the grammar by way of the Exh operator carrying an equivalent interpretable exhaustivity [inExh] feature placed in the syntactic structure of a -hari and -da disjunction/indefinite construction at LF. “Inclusivity” and “exclusivity” components of the particles -hari and -da that have consequences for distribution requirements are derived by way of different morpho-syntactic requirements of the particles -hari and -da. Thus, this thesis proposes a fully compositional/grammatical account all the way from the bottom to the top in the derivations.

O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito dietético do nível de lisina digestível e do zinco orgânico no desempenho para frango de corte macho, na fase pré-inicial de crescimento (1-11 dias de idade) e no balanço de nitrogênio (1-7 dias de idade). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, constituído pelos fatores principais lisina digestível e zinco orgânico. Os níveis de lisina digestível foram: 0,90; 1,00; 1,10; 1,20; e 1,40% na presença ou ausência de zinco orgânico, todavia todas as dietas continham 43 ppm do zinco na forma inorgânica. Os níveis de zinco orgânico foram zero e 252 ppm na forma de carboquelato. No ensaio de desempenho, o número de repetições foram sete e a unidade experimental foi composta por 15 aves. No ensaio de digestibilidade, o número de repetições foram seis e a unidade experimental composta por seis aves. Em ambas situações, as dietas continham 2.960 de EM/kg e 21% de proteína bruta. No estudo de desempenho (1 aos 11 dias de idade) avaliaram-se: ganho em peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, composição e deposição de nutrientes corporais. No ensaio de digestibilidade (1 aos 7 dias de idade) realizado em baterias, foram avaliados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e valores metabolizáveis da energia dietética. De 1 aos 11 dias de idade, não houve interação lisina digestível e zinco orgânico. Observou-se efeito (P<0,05) quadrático para lisina digestível nas variáveis: peso final, ganho em peso, ganho em peso relativo e efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) no consumo de ração. A conversão alimentar, nos dois ensaios, não diferiu com as variações dos níveis de lisina digestível e zinco na dieta. As variáveis: peso em jejum, peso da carcaça e ganho em peso diário apresentaram efeito linear ascendente (P< 0,01) para lisina digestível. Na taxa de deposição química da carcaça, o aumento da concentração de lisina coincidiu com o efeito quadrático para proteína bruta (P< 0,01) e extrato etéreo (P< 0,07). No corpo vazio, houve resposta quadrática para nível de lisina nas seguintes variáveis: água (P <0,01), matéria mineral (P< 0,05) e deposição total (P< 0,01). De acordo com os resultados da composição química e deposição de nutrientes corporais, estima-se o nível 1,25% de lisina digestível para o período de 1 aos 11 dias de idade. Nas condições vigentes de avaliação do desempenho, o nível ótimo de lisina digestível para frango de corte macho mantido em piso de concreto é 1,19%. De 1 aos 7 dias de idade, não houve relação de dependência entre lisina digestível e zinco orgânico no balanço de nitrogênio. A retenção de nitrogênio teve variação linear (P<0,05) ascendente, em resposta ao aumento da concentração de lisina digestível na dieta. Essa resposta coincidiu com o aumento (P<0,05) linear do ganho em peso e da eficiência alimentar. Baseado no balanço de nitrogênio e no desempenho em baterias, a exigência de lisina digestível é igual ou maior que 1,40% para frango de corte macho de 1 aos 7 dias de idade. / The present work evaluated the dietary effect of digestible lysine and organic zinc levels to male broiler on growth pre-initial phase (1-11 days old) performance and nitrogen balance (1-7 days old). The broilers were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement applied in two experiment essays. The main factors were lysine (0.90; 1.00; 1.10; 1.20; and 1.40%) with or without organic zinc, however all diets contained 43 ppm inorganic zinc. The organic zinc were 0 and 252 ppm in carboquelate form. In performance essay the replications were seven and 15 birds for experimental unit. In digestibility essay the replications were six and 6 birds for experimental unit. In both situations the diets contained 2.960 ME/kg and 21% crude protein. In performance study (1 - 11 days old) it was evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, feed: gain ratio, composition and body nutrient depositions. In digestibility essay (1 - 7 days old) carried in batteries, it was evaluated dry matter, crude protein apparent digestibility coefficients and dietary metabolic energy values. From 1 to 7 days old there is not digestible lysine and organic zinc interaction. It was observed quadratic effects (P<0.05) of digestible lysine in final weight, weight gain, relative weight gain and positive linear (P<0.05) effect in feed intake. In both essays the feed: gain ratio did not differ when digestible lysine level and zinc variated in the diet. The weight fast, carcass weight and weight gain variables presented ascendant linear effect (P<0.01) for digestible lysine level. In the carcass chemistry deposition rate the lysine increase coincided with quadratic effect for crude protein (P<0.01) and fat (P<0.07).In the empty body deposition there was quadratic response for digestible lysine level in water (P <0.01), ash (P< 0.05) and total empty body deposition (P< 0.01). In accordance with the results of the chemical composition and deposition of corporal nutrients, it was estimated 1.25% of digestible lysine from 1 to 11 days old. In the present conditions the optimal level of digestible lysine for male broiler created in concrete floor is 1.19%. From 1 at 7 days old there is not dependence relation between digestible lysine and organic zinc in nitrogen balance. The nitrogen retention had positive linear variation (P<0.05) in response to digestible lysine increase in the diet. This response coincided with linear increase (P<0.05) of weight gain and feed efficiency. In base of nitrogen balance and performance in battery the lisine requirements is equal or bigger that 1.40% for male broiler from 1 at 7 days of age.