Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resistenciasprotocololares.pdf: 1911757 bytes, checksum: fb058f2802dff579fdb7fabfd81640b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-26 / This study investigates contemporary manifestations of resistance. The starting point for such study is the flow of information - the Internet is deemed herein as the model diagram and a fundamentally important mechanism, entwined in power relations in the control society. Resistance and control are inevitably associated and therefore operate through this mechanism. Hence, this study investigates not only contemporary control, which operates through mechanisms of social subjection and mechanistic servitude, where men are components of a machine, controlled and directed by a superior unit, found in this study to be in protocols, operated in turn by molar and molecular lines that seal the Internet s control grid, but escape lines are also contemplated, represented by hackers, who assemble as war machines and throw themselves against the State apparatus and the global war machines in search of freedom / Este trabalho investiga expressões de resistências contemporâneas. O fluxo informacional é um ponto de partida para o estudo destas resistências - a Internet é aqui pensada como modelo de diagrama e mecanismo de suma importância que atravessa as relações de poder na sociedade de controle. Resistências e controle formam par indissociável e operam através deste mecanismo, portanto. Assim, não só o controle contemporâneo é investigado neste estudo, controle que se dá através de mecanismos de servidão maquínica e sujeição social, onde homens são peças constituintes de uma máquina, sob controle e direção de uma unidade superior, aqui encontrada nos protocolos, protocolos que por sua vez são operados por linhas molares e linhas moleculares, que fecham as malhas de controle da Internet, mas também são contempladas suas linhas de fuga, representadas pelos hackers, que formam máquinas de guerra e lançam-se contra os aparelhos de Estado e as máquinas de guerra mundiais em busca de liberdade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resistenciasprotocololares.pdf: 1911757 bytes, checksum: fb058f2802dff579fdb7fabfd81640b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-26 / This study investigates contemporary manifestations of resistance. The starting point for such study is the flow of information - the Internet is deemed herein as the model diagram and a fundamentally important mechanism, entwined in power relations in the control society. Resistance and control are inevitably associated and therefore operate through this mechanism. Hence, this study investigates not only contemporary control, which operates through mechanisms of social subjection and mechanistic servitude, where men are components of a machine, controlled and directed by a superior unit, found in this study to be in protocols, operated in turn by molar and molecular lines that seal the Internet s control grid, but escape lines are also contemplated, represented by hackers, who assemble as war machines and throw themselves against the State apparatus and the global war machines in search of freedom / Este trabalho investiga expressões de resistências contemporâneas. O fluxo informacional é um ponto de partida para o estudo destas resistências - a Internet é aqui pensada como modelo de diagrama e mecanismo de suma importância que atravessa as relações de poder na sociedade de controle. Resistências e controle formam par indissociável e operam através deste mecanismo, portanto. Assim, não só o controle contemporâneo é investigado neste estudo, controle que se dá através de mecanismos de servidão maquínica e sujeição social, onde homens são peças constituintes de uma máquina, sob controle e direção de uma unidade superior, aqui encontrada nos protocolos, protocolos que por sua vez são operados por linhas molares e linhas moleculares, que fecham as malhas de controle da Internet, mas também são contempladas suas linhas de fuga, representadas pelos hackers, que formam máquinas de guerra e lançam-se contra os aparelhos de Estado e as máquinas de guerra mundiais em busca de liberdade

En plus des aspects électrique, magnétique, vibro-acoustique et mécanique, les considérations thermiques doivent être prises en compte lors des phases de conception et d’optimisation des machines électriques. Ce mémoire se porte sur l’analyse et la simulation du comportement thermique des machines électriques Totalement Fermées et Non Ventilées (TFNV) et plus particulièrement sur le cas de la machine Synchro-réluctante (Synchrel), utilisée comme actionneur d’embrayage. Un modèle thermique détaillé (MTD), décrivant le comportement thermique de la machine Synchrel est conçu. Ce MTD proposé est construit grâce à une combinaison de la méthode à Constantes Localisées (CL) et d’une technique numérique de type Mécanique des Fluides Numériques (MFN). La première méthode est dédiée à la modélisation des transferts conductifs et radiatifs. La seconde permet de modéliser le mécanisme de refroidissement par convection naturelle autour de la machine Synchrel. Compte-tenu de l’importance du mode de refroidissement sur l’évolution des températures critiques, l’approche MFN peut apporter plus de précision. Par contre, elle nécessite des temps de calcul importants ce qui freine son utilisation. Afin de surmonter cette problématique, les résultats numériques obtenus pour des points de fonctionnement particuliers sont utilisés afin de définir des relations de corrélation analytiques. Cette analyse numérique est accompagnée d’une démarche expérimentale afin d’élaborer les corrélations expérimentales correspondantes. L’étude montre que les solutions numériques peuvent converger vers des solutions plus précises si l’on tient compte des données d’incertitudes introduites par cette approche. La deuxième problématique traitée est la détermination des Résistances Thermiques de Contact (RTCs) des machines électriques. Elles constituent des paramètres clefs dans la définition du MTD complet. La démarche de détermination des RTCs est basée sur deux approches d’identification paramétrique. La première est basée sur des observations expérimentales du comportement thermique de la machine. La seconde est basée sur une approche mathématique de réduction de modèle. Les valeurs déterminées sont cohérentes avec la littérature, bien que la machine Synchrel diffère en topologie, taille et puissance. En utilisant la corrélation d’origine numérique du phénomène de convection externe, le MTD complet est alors utilisé afin d’évaluer la variation de température due à l’erreur introduite par la MFN. En utilisant la corrélation expérimentale, le MTD complet est validé. Les approches d’identification paramétrique conduisent à la construction de deux modèles thermiques de second ordre de la machine. Ces modèles permettent la surveillance du comportement thermique du bobinage et du carter. Ces deux modèles simplifiés font montre d’une prédictibilité satisfaisante au regard de leur simplicité. / In addition to electrical, magnetic, vibro-acoustic and mechanical aspects, thermal considerations must be taken into account during the design and optimization of electrical machines. This study focuses on the analysis and the simulation of the thermal behavior of Totally Enclosed Non Ventilated (TENV) electric machines, specifically a Synchro-reluctant motor (Synchrel) in the context of an automotive application : a clutch actuator. A detailed thermal model (MTD) describing the thermal behavior of the Synchrel machine is designed. This proposed MTD is based on a combination of the Lumped Parameter Thermal Network method (LPTN) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. The first method is dedicated to model the conductive and radiative heat transfers. CFD techniques are dedicated to model the cooling mechanism based on the natural convection around the Synchrel machine. Since the critical temperature is very sensitive to the cooling mode, the CFD approach is used in this study to provide more accurate results. On the other hand, it requires considerable computing time, which prevents its use in design studies based on optimization methods. In order to overcome this problem, only some numerical results obtained for particular operating points are used to define an analytical correlation based on the numerical calculation relations. This numerical analysis goes with an experimental approach in order to elaborate the corresponding experimental correlations. This study shows that numerical solutions can present a good accuracy, if uncertainty data introduced by this approach are taken into account. The second research problem addressed in this study is the determination of the Contact Thermal Resistances (RTCs), which are key parameters in the definition of the MTD. The determination procedure of the RTCs is based on two parametric identification approaches. The first one is experimental and based on some observations of the thermal behavior of the machine. The second one is based on a mathematical model reduction approach. The determined values are consistent with results from literature, although the Synchrel machine differs in topology, size and power. Using the numerical correlations, the MTD is used to evaluate the temperature deviation due to error terms introduced by the CFD approach. Then, using these experimental correlations, the MTD’s quality can be checked and approved. Parametric identification approaches lead to the construction of two secondorder thermal models of the machine. These models allow monitoring the thermal behavior of the winding and the casing. Both simplified models show satisfactory predictability with respect to their great simplicity.

En la tesis doctoral La biopolítica en la España franquista, el autor ha analizado la configuración, desarrollos, objetivos y particularidades de la biopolítica desarrollada en España durante el régimen del General Franco, desde su instauración en 1939 hasta su final en 1975. Dicha exploración se ha basado en el análisis de toda una serie de dispositivos biopolíticos -disciplinarios y reguladores-, encargados fundamentalmente de hacer aumentar las fuerzas de la nación y de disminuir la capacidad contestataria de los individuos. Todo ello ha mostrado al tiempo las características de aquello que podríamos llamar la gubernamentalidad franquista, articulada en base a unas formas determinadas de conducción de conductas capaces de elaborar a su vez ciertos modelos de subjetividad que habrían conformado, no sin resistencias, al sujeto idiosincrásico de la España franquista: a saber, el homo patiens. / In my Ph.D The Biopolitics in the Spanish Francoism, I analyzed the configuration, developements and specific objectives of the biopolitics developed in Spain during the Franco Regime, since its inception in 1939 until its end in 1975. This exploration is based in the analysis of some biopolitics dispositives -disciplinary and regulatory-, that is primarly responsable to increase the strength of the nation and to decrease the non-conformist ability of individuals. The conclusion of this research also shows the features of the Francoism's guvernmentality, that are articulated on the basics of certain shapes of driving behavior that is able at the same time to create certain models of subjectivity with its resistentes, and to build a characteristic subjectivity of Franco's Spain: the homo patiens.

Les pathologies infectieuses, maladies causées par certains micro-organismes pathogènes parmi les bactéries, les virus, les champignons et les protozoaires, sont à l’origine des taux de mortalité et de morbidité élevés enregistrés surtout dans les pays en voie de développement où la majorité de la population n’a pas les moyens d'accéder aux soins de santé. Les résistances des micro-organismes aux antimicrobiens, observées actuellement dans la pratique médicale moderne, constituent un autre grand problème lié au traitement de ces maladies. Elles constituent l’une des menaces de santé les plus sérieuses et peuvent frapper n’importe qui dans le monde. Face à ces fléaux, il est urgent de découvrir de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens qui pourraient, éventuellement, présenter de nouveaux mécanismes d'action. Une bonne part des plantes utilisées en médecines traditionnelles contiennent des composants antimicrobiens utiles contre les infections et qui peuvent aider dans la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses liées à l’antibiorésistance. C’est dans cette optique que nous avons mené une enquête ethnobotanique sur les plantes médicinales utilisées contre les infections microbiennes en médecine traditionnelle Burundaise. Nous en avons inventorié 155 et sélectionné 5 d'entre elles (Justicia subsessilis Oliv. (Acanthaceae); Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A. J. Paton (Lamiaceae), Virectaria major (Schum.) Verdc. (Rubiaceae), Pavetta ternifolia (Oliv.) Hiern (Rubiaceae), et Stomatanthes africanus (Oliv. & Hiern) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae)) pour en étudier la composition phytochimique et les propriétés biologiques. Les extraits de ces plantes ont été évalués notamment pour leurs effets antibactériens direct (bactéricide ou bactériostatique) et indirect (modulation des mécanismes de résistance qui augmente ou restaure l’activité des antibiotiques sur des souches résistantes). Les cinq plantes retenues ont montré une activité antibactérienne, justifiant ainsi leur usage contre les infections microbiennes en médecine traditionnelle Burundaise et, plus particulièrement, l’espèce Platostoma rotundifolium, dont les extraits ont montré des effets antibactériens directs et indirects sur des souches sensibles et résistantes. Les extraits de Platostoma rotundifolium ont également présenté des effets sur l’expression de gènes (lasB et rhlA) impliqués dans le quorum sensing, et sur la formation du biofilm de Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. En vue d’isoler et identifier les molécules responsables de ces différentes activités, l’extrait acétate d’éthyle (le plus actif) de Platostoma rotundifolium a été soumis à un fractionnement bioguidé. Celui-ci a permis d’isoler neuf composés qui ont été identifiés comme étant les acides ursolique, corosolique, tormentique, hyptadiénique, et 2α, 3α, 19β-trihydroxyurs-12-èn-28-oïque (isolé pour la première fois lors de ce travail et auquel nous avons donné le nom d’acide jérémique), le squalène, le cassipourol, le β-sitostérol et l’α-amyrine. Toutes ces molécules sont isolées pour la première fois de Platostoma rotundifolium. Les trois premiers composés ont présenté un effet bactéricide sur les souches bactériennes sensibles et résistantes, tandis que les trois derniers ont montré une action inhibitrice significative de l’expression de gènes (lasB et rhlA) impliqués dans le quorum sensing et de la formation de biofilm de Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Toutes ces molécules actives peuvent constituer une voie dans la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses et l’antibiorésistance; nous pouvons conclure que les données issues d’une enquête ethnobotanique sur les savoirs et les savoir-faire des guérisseurs traditionnels sont très importantes, surtout lorsqu’elles sont exploitées jusqu’à la détermination des principes actifs responsables d'une activité pharmacologique donnée. / Infectious pathologies are diseases caused by the transmission of some pathogenic microorganisms among bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. They drive the high mortality and morbidity rates recorded especially in developing countries, where the majority of the population cannot afford to access health care. The antimicrobial resistances currently observed in modern medical practice represent another major problem in the treatment of these diseases. These resistances are one of the most serious population health threats and can strike anyone in the world. It has thus become urgent to discover new antimicrobial agents that could possibly have novel mechanisms of action.Many plants used in traditional medicines against infections harbor useful antimicrobial components that can help in the fight against infectious diseases and antibiotic resistances. In this context, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Burundian traditional medicine to treat microbial infections. We inventoried 155 herbs from which 5 (Justicia subsessilis Oliv. (Acanthaceae); Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A. J. Paton (Lamiaceae), Virectaria major (Schum.) Verdc. (Rubiaceae), Pavetta ternifolia (Oliv.) Hiern (Rubiaceae), and Stomatanthes africanus (Oliv. & Hiern) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae) were selected for phytochemical screening and biological assays. The extracts of these plants were evaluated for their antibacterial effects, direct (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) and indirect (inhibition of resistance mechanisms by increasing or restoring the activity of antibiotics against resistant strains). All the selected plants species have shown antibacterial activity, justifying their use against microbial infections in Burundian traditional medicine, and more particularly Platostoma rotundifolium, whose extracts showed direct and indirect antibacterial effects on susceptible and resistant (MRSA) strains. The extracts from Platostoma rotundifolium also presented inhibitory effects on the expression of genes involved in quorum sensing, lasB and rhlA, as well as on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.In order to isolate and identify the molecules responsible for these activities, the ethyl acetate extract (most active) from Platostoma rotundifolium was submitted to bioguided fractionation. This led to the isolation of nine compounds that were identified as ursolic acid, corosolic acid, tormentic acid, hyptadienic acid and 2α, 3α, 19β-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (isolated for the first time during this work and that was named jeremic acid), squalene, cassipourol, β-sitosterol and α-amyrin. All these molecules were isolated for the first time from Platostoma rotundifolium. The first three compounds showed a bactericidal effect on sensitive and resistant strains of bacteria, while the last three showed significant inhibitory effects on the expression of two QS genes (lasB and rhlA), and on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. All these active molecules can be a lead in the fight against antibiotic resistance; and we can conclude that the data from an ethnobotanical survey of the knowledge and skills of traditional healers are very important, especially when they are exploited until the determination of the active ingredients responsible for a specific pharmacological activity. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La verticilliose est causée par des agents pathogènes telluriques du genre Verticillium. Elle est, depuis sa découverte dans les années 50, maladie majeure du tournesol en Argentine où des sources de résistances ont été identifiées. En France, c’est une maladie de plus en plus fréquente, observée chaque année sur de nouvelles zones de production. Elle suscite désormais des efforts dans la recherche de moyens de lutte sur ce territoire. Ce travail s’est concentré sur l’étude des interactions Tournesol - agents causals de la verticilliose à deux niveaux d’observation : celui du système de culture (français vs. argentin) et celui de l’individu. L’objectif est d’apporter des connaissances sur l’agent causal et sur le déterminisme moléculaire dans la résistance à la verticilliose du tournesol afin de développer un modèle de criblage de résistances à grande échelle. L’étude de la maladie dans les systèmes de culture a permis de mettre en évidence l’existence d’une différence significative de la réponse du tournesol à Verticillium entre la France et l’Argentine. L’étude moléculaire des pathogènes vasculaires in planta, échantillonnés dans les 2 systèmes de culture, a permis de confirmer l’implication majeure de V. dahliae dans la verticilliose du tournesol. En conditions contrôlées, une étude comparative de la pathogénicité de plusieurs isolats de V. dahliae (de la tomate, du coton, du sol) sur le tournesol a mis en évidence que seul l’isolat 85S, isolé à partir du tournesol, est capable de le coloniser et de provoquer des symptômes. L’étude du génome de l’isolat 85S révèle que cet isolat n’appartient à aucune branche existante de l’arbre phylogénétique ; il forme un groupe per se, associé aux isolats non défoliant du coton mais infectant la tomate. L’hypothèse de la spécificité de la réponse induite dans l’hypocotyle et les feuilles du tournesol par certains isolats de V. dahliae a été confirmée en étudiant la cinétique de l’expression de 9 gènes associés à la défense, 5 semaines après inoculation. Le tournesol met uniquement en place son système de défense en réponse à l’infection par 85S. La réponse semble induite ; la colonisation n’est pas systémique, la biomasse fongique n’a pas été détectée dans l’hypocotyle et les feuilles de l’hybride asymptomatique. L’ensemble de ces travaux a conduit au développement d’un modèle pour le criblage de résistances à Verticillium chez le tournesol. Celui-ci répond aux contraintes liées à la diversité du pathogène dans les méga-environnements, conséquences de pressions de sélection différentielles. / Verticillium wilt is caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium. From its discovery in the 50’s, sunflower Verticillium wilt is a major disease in Argentina where sources of resistances have been identified. Since few years, the disease occurs more frequently in France raising concerns on sources of resistances discoveries regarding its spread to other sunflower French production areas. This work focus on the study of Sunflower- causals agent of Verticillium wilt interaction at 2 levels of observation: at the cultural system (French vs Argentinian) and at the plant individual scale. The aim is to provide identification of the causal agents and knowledge on the molecular determinism of sunflower resistances to implement high-throughput plant phenotyping approach. Disease symptom studies within the cultural systems reveal a significant difference in the phenotypic expression of sunflower against Verticillium pressure according to the location in France or in Argentina. Molecular studies of isolates in planta, from naturally infested field in cultural systems reveal the major implication of V. dahliae in the sunflower Verticillium wilt disease. In controlled conditions, comparative studies of V. dahliae isolates pathogenicity (isolated from cotton, tomato and soil) on sunflower reveal that only 85S, isolated from sunflower is able to colonize and provoke symptoms. Genomic studies of 85S isolates reveal that the isolate did not belong to any branch of the current phylogenetic tree; 85S makes a 'per se' group within the cotton non-defoliating but tomato infecting strains. Specificity of induced responses in sunflower hypocotyl and leaves by only some of V. dahliae isolates have been confirmed through a gene expression kinetic analysis of 9 defenses related genes on 5 weeks post inoculation. Sunflower genotype is responding only to the 85S isolate. Resistance seems to be induced; colonization is not systemic as pathogen biomass has been detected but not quantify in symptomless cultivar. Our study finally leads to the implementation of Verticillium resistances screening model on the sunflower with respect to the constraints related to the pathogen diversity from the different environments, according to differential selection pressure.

Ce travail de recherche interroge les revendications identitaires (territoriales et politiques, individuelles et collectives) dans un corpus de discours engagés. Nous avons privilégié les discours des partis progressistes, des romans engagés des années 1970-1980, des récits de vie et des témoignages des enfants de la Creuse. Les textes analysés mettent en lumière la construction d'un modèle politique de mise-sous-tutelle et accusent un processus de décolonisation qui étouffe les particularités et stigmatise l'identité créole. Les revendications portent sur l'autonomisation des décisions politiques et la considération des spécificités régionales. Ces particularités locales, qu'elles soient géographiques, langagières ou culturelles, sont défendues comme des éléments constitutifs de l'identité de la Réunion. Cependant, l'identité réunionnaise est représentée dans un processus conflictuel, où les éléments culturels sont hiérarchisés. L'analyse des enjeux de la construction des identités en période postcoloniale montre une inévitable corrélation avec l'organisation de la société coloniale. Les structures de domination, transformées après 1946, corrélées aux effets de la départementalisation et de la mondialisation, entravent la construction d'une identité décomplexée. Dans ce contexte, le discours littéraire devient un moyen de résistance et permet aux subalternes de se réapproprier le discours sur soi et d'apporter une autre version de l'histoire. Cette thèse interroge les enjeux de la construction de l'identité réunionnaise, dans le contexte des mutations sociales et politiques, et en considérant ses conséquences sur les individus. Elle souligne également l'absence de considération du fait colonial et de ses conséquences contemporaines en France. / This research paper questions the identity claims (territorial and political, individual and collective) in a corpus of engaged speeches. The decision was to work from speeches of progressive parties, engaged novels from the 1970s-1980s, life stories and accounts from “the Children of Creuse”. The analysed texts highlight the construction of a political model of state supervision and blame a process of decolonisation that stifles particularities and stigmatises the Creole identity. The claims focus on empowering the making of political decisions and considering the regional specificities. These local particularities, either geographic, linguistic or cultural, are defended as defining elements of Reunion's identity. However, the Reunionese identity is represented in a conflictual process in which the cultural elements are organised in a hierarchy. The analysis of the issue of the building of identities during the postcolonial era shows an inevitable correlation with the organisation of the colonial society. The structures of domination, transformed after 1946, correlated to the effects of the departmentalisation and globalisation, hinder the construction of an assertive identity. In this context, the literary speech becomes a means of resistance and allows the subordinates to claim the speech back to themselves and bring another version of the history. This thesis questions the concerns of the building of the Reunionese identity in the context of social and political transformations and by considering its consequences on individuals. It also emphasises the absence of consideration of colonialism and its contemporary impacts in France.

La gestion durable des variétés génétiquement résistantes aux pathogènes des cultures nécessite de tenir compte de leurs capacités évolutives. Celles-ci découlent de leur histoire évolutive et de la dynamique actuelle de leurs populations qui peut être modifiée par les activités humaines inhérentes au milieu agricole. La description et l’évaluation des capacités évolutives d’un pathogène ne sont donc possibles que sur des populations issues d’environnements non soumis à des perturbations d’origine anthropique. Les objectifs de ce travail sont donc (1) de reconstruire les histoires évolutives de deux nématodes à kystes, Heterodera schachtii et Heterodera betae et de leur hôte sauvage commun, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, à partir de populations sauvages distribuées sur le littoral du sud de l’Espagne à la Suède ; (2) de décrire, à une échelle plus fine, le fonctionnement et la structure génétique de populations sauvages d’H. schachtii.Nos résultats montrent que la colonisation de la côte Atlantique par les deux nématodes a probablement été influencée par les fluctuations climatiques survenues depuis le dernier Maximum Glaciaire et les courants marins. Les patrons phylogéographiques observés entre H. schachtii et la plante suggèrent des histoires évolutives disjointes contrairement à ceux observés chez H. betae. A fine échelle spatiale, les populations d’H. schachtii sont isolées entre elles, structurées à l’échelle de la plante hôte et présentent de petites tailles efficaces. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le contexte général de la protection des cultures. / The sustainable management of genetic resistances to crop pathogens needs to consider their evolutionary potential. The evolutionary potential results both from the evolutionary history and the current population dynamics of pathogens, which can be affected by human activities occurring in agro-ecosystems. Therefore, they should be described and evaluated on wild pathogen populations free of human-mediated disturbances. The aim of this work is twofold (1) assessing the evolutionary history of two cysts nematodes, Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera betae, and their common wild host, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, in wild populations sampled on the coast from the South of Spain to Sweden; (2) investigating at a fine spatial scale the population genetic structure of H. schachtii .Results show that the colonization of the Atlantic coastline by the two nematodes was probably influenced by climatic fluctuations occurring since the Last Glacial Maximum, along with marine currents. Phylogeographical patterns of H. schachtii and the host-plant suggest a non-shared evolutionary history, which contrasts with the coastal recolonization of Europe observed in H. betae. The fine-scale study evidenced that wild populations of H. schachtii are genetically sub-structured at the level of the host plant, strongly isolated and characterized by small effective population sizes. All these results are discussed in the framework of the sustainable management of nematodes populations in cultivated fields.

Changements climatiques, « trou » dans la couche d’ozone, dérèglement du cycle du carbone, érosion de la biodiversité ; l’ensemble de ces éléments atteste d’une amplification et d’une accélération contemporaine des perturbations dans les processus de structuration du système planétaire (Ecosphère) faisant écho à la progression de violences conjoncturelles et structurelles mettant en péril le « bien vivre » des sociétés et des individus les composant (Anthroposphère). Plus que sa dimension financière, à laquelle elle ne peut être réduite, la crise actuelle possède un aspect multiple et global qui met en lumière les caractères « insoutenable » (écologiquement) et « insupportable » (socialement) du modèle de développement contemporain. Dans ce cadre, ces éléments seront appréhendés à partir de la notion d’ordre et plus spécifiquement de la relation Ordre du Monde (OdM) Ordre Mondial (OM), afin de déterminer les conditions de leur compatibilité. Si l’Ordre du Monde renvoie à l’ensemble des lois naturelles du Cosmos, l’Ordre Mondial reste, malgré son utilisation récurrente, une notion à (re)construire. L’origine de notre réflexion se situe en ce sens dans la confusion récurrente qui existe entre deux réalités différentes, le Système Mondial Capitaliste (SMC) et l’Ordre Mondial. Cet amalgame résulte d’un double mouvement : la « naturalisation » du Système Mondial Capitaliste d’un côté et la « mystification » de l’Ordre Mondial de l’autre, qui tendent tous deux, conjointement, à réduire le second (Ordre Mondial) au premier (Système Mondial Capitaliste). Afin de dépasser ces contradictions apparentes, il conviendra de s’interroger sur les modalités de la transition vers un Ordre Mondial post-capitaliste, fondé sur l’en-commun ; dans cette optique, on s’interrogera plus particulièrement sur les voies de l’émancipation pensées à partir de l’Amérique latine. / Climate change, “hole” in the ozone layer, disorders of the carbon cycle, erosion of the biodiversity; all these elements gives evidence of an increase and a contemporary acceleration of the disturbances in the processes of structuring of the planetary system (Ecosphere) echoing the progress of cyclical and structural violence putting in danger the “good life” of societies and individuals composing them (Anthroposphere). More than her financial dimension, to which she cannot be reduced, the current crisis possesses a multiple and global aspect which brings to light the characters “unsustainable” (ecologically) and “unbearable” (socially) of the model of contemporary development. In this frame, these elements will be viewed from the notion of order and more specifically the relation Earth Order - World Order, to determine the conditions of their compatibility. If Earth Order refers to all the natural laws of the Cosmos, the World Order remains, in spite of its recurring use, a notion to build. The origin of our reflection is this way situated in the recurring confusion that exists between two different realities, the Capitalist World System and the World Order. This mixture results from a double movement: the “naturalization” of the Capitalist World System on one side and the “mystification” of the World Order of the other one, which aim both, jointly, to reduce the second (World Order) to the first one (Capitalist World System). To go beyond these seeming contradictions, it will be advisable to wonder about the modalities of the transition towards a World Order post-capitalist, based on the “shared-common”; in this optics, we shall wonder more particularly about the ways of the emancipation from the Latin America.

PEREIRA, Maria Teresa Lisboa Nobre. Resistencias femininas e ação policial: (re)pensando a função social das delegacias da mulher. 2006. 273 f. Tese (Doutorado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará,Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-01-10T14:54:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_TESE_MTLNPEREIRA.pdf: 1590299 bytes, checksum: 64f9411a42f1ad489741b4e512ec8642 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-01-11T15:14:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_TESE_MTLNPEREIRA.pdf: 1590299 bytes, checksum: 64f9411a42f1ad489741b4e512ec8642 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-11T15:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_TESE_MTLNPEREIRA.pdf: 1590299 bytes, checksum: 64f9411a42f1ad489741b4e512ec8642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / This work identifies, describes and analyzes talks of women under situation of violence who denounce their aggressors to the police, at the Women’s Police Stations. Adopting conceptions about the power and the violence formulated by Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault I try to talk about the gender relations marked by the violence and escaping to the polarizations between dominator-man x dominated-woman. I defend that the women not only react to the violence by many different forms, but produce, through their resistance - passive and active - places of anti-domination, that sometimes can assume what I call "situational power". These resistance behaviors are revealed through quotidian tactics at the private life space and through strategies of publicizing at the public space, when they go to the Women’s Police Stations. The concepts of tactical actions and strategies are taken, respectively from Michel De Certeau and Pierre Bourdieu. The work used as research field the Sergipe State Police Stations for Woman Protection (DEPM). I try to describe and analyze routines, ritualized institutional practices, organizational culture traces, that circule on the field of intersection among the Civil Police, The Women’s Police Stations and the expectations of the women who look for these offices. I try to identify their demands starting from two specialties: the cases where women look for the legal criminalization of their aggressor and the cases when they go to theses stations looking for conciliation, mediation of the conflicts,guarantee of rights and protection. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, and have as sources of information: 836 Occurrence Bulletins registered in the 1990s, twenty-one interviews with women denouncers, twelve interviews with police agents and commission agents and with six social movements’ representatives. I also use as sources two experiences of researchintervention, carried out by not policies institutions together with the Sergipe State Police Stations for Woman Protection, dedicated to police education, with whom I experienced two situations of participant observations: the first one developed by the Human Rights Commission of the Sergipe Federal University and second by the MUSA (Woman and Health - Group of Studies on Gender Research of the Bahia Federal University). The analysis is delimited by a temporal variable: before and after the creation of an Attendance Center for Vulnerable Groups, created in 2004, to which the Police Station of the Woman of Aracaju passed if to integrate. My interest falls again into particular on the constitution of the Nucleus of Mediation of Conflicts, that functions at the Women’s Police Stations. I defend that the formal adoption of the instrument of mediation in a police space implies in a revision of the social function of the Women’s Police Stations. This assumes to change the conception of the police activity as mainly investigative and repressive, and to consider that the actions of mediation, assistance and counseling developed by the Women’s Police Stations are affirmatively constituted as proper actions of the Police. / Este trabalho identifica, descreve e analisa narrativas de mulheres em situação de violência que denunciam seus agressores à Polícia, no espaço das Delegacias da Mulher. Adotando as teorizações sobre o poder e a violência formuladas por Hannah Arendt e Michel Foucault procuro discutir relações de gênero marcadas pela violência, escapando às polarizações entre homem-dominador x mulher dominada. Defendo que as mulheres não só reagem à violência de múltiplas formas, mas produzem, através de suas resistências – passivas e ativas – lugares de contra-dominação, que algumas vezes podem assumir a forma de um “poder situacional”. Essas resistências se manifestam através de táticas cotidianas protagonizadas no espaço da vida privada e de estratégias de publicização no espaço público, quando se dirigem às Delegacias da Mulher. Os conceitos de ações táticas e estratégias são tomados, respectivamente de Michel De Certeau e Pierre Bourdieu. O trabalho tem como campo de análise as Delegacias Especiais de Proteção à Mulher do Estado de Sergipe (DEPM). A análise aborda o funcionamento das Delegacias da Mulher em duas cidades sergipanas: Aracaju e Itabaiana, relacionando suas práticas organizacionais ao campo da Polícia Civil. Procuro descrever e analisar rotinas, práticas institucionais, traços da cultura organizacional, valores, crenças e lógicas que circulam no campo de interseção entre a Polícia Civil, as Delegacias da Mulher e as expectativas das mulheres dirigidas a esta unidade policial. Procuro identificar suas demandas a partir de duas especificidades: casos que as mulheres pretendem a criminalização legal do agressor e casos em que buscam as Delegacias da Mulher visando a conciliação, a mediação de conflitos, garantias de direitos e proteção. A metodologia combina as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, tendo como fontes: 836 Boletins de Ocorrência registrados na década de 90, vinte e uma entrevistas com mulheres denunciantes, doze entrevistas com agentes policiais e delegadas e com seis representantes de movimentos sociais. Considero também duas experiências de pesquisa-intervenção, realizadas por nstituições não policiais junto às DEPMs, voltadas à formação policial, com as quais tive contato, numa situação de observação participante: a primeira desenvolvida pela Comissão de Direitos Humanos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e a segunda pelo MUSA (Mulher e Saúde/ Instituto de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal da Bahia). A análise das práticas da DEPM de Aracaju é delimitada por uma variável temporal: antes e depois da criação de Centro de Atendimento a Grupos Vulneráveis, criado em 2004. Meu interesse recai sobre a constituição do Núcleo de Mediação de Conflitos, que funciona nesse complexo policial e atende à DEPM de Aracaju. Defendo que a adoção formal do instrumento de mediação num espaço policial implica uma revisão da função social das Delegacias da Mulher. Isso supõe superar a concepção da atividade policial como prioritariamente investigativa e repressiva, e considerar que as ações de mediação, assistência e aconselhamento desenvolvidas pelas Delegacias da Mulher ao longo do País se constituem afirmativamente como ações próprias do fazer policial.