The purpose of this study was to determine the travel behaviour of tourists to a ATKV resort, more specifically ATKV-Natalia. Numerous studies on travel behaviour has been done, but none of them indicated that it was focused on ATKV resorts. Travel behvaiour is concerned with the way in which tourists react towards specific inherent aspects. There are various internal and external factors which influence and determine travel behaviour. Travel motivations and reasons for travel are two of the most important factors influencing travel behaviour. Travel motivations can be defined as internal forces influencing a tourist and reasons for travel can be conceptualised as external forces influencing a tourist to travel. Another important factor influencing travel behaviour is the stage of the family life cycle in which the tourist finds him- or herself. Every stage has its own certain needs and wants. Thus, every stage implies different needs and wants in terms of traveling. The information of this study was gathered by means of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed at ATKV-Natalia Resort during the weekend of 17-19 July 2009, by two. fieldworkers. A total of 159 questionnaires were distributed (one per family). Another 150 questionnaires were distributed by means of email. Respondents were identified by the existing database of ATKV which indicated the tourists who visited the resort during the 2009 December school holidays. Statistical analysis of the data was used to determine the findings of this study. For the first article, factor analyses were done in order to determine the travel motivations and reasons for travel of tourists to ATKV-Natalia. Correlation analysis was also done. in order to determine the correlations which exist between travel motivations and reasons for travel. In the second article, only the data of the respondents who indicated that they were married were used for statistical analysis. Cross tabulations were done in order to determine the most important similarities and differences which exist between tourists married with children and tourists married without children. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

O trabalho investiga os projetos elaborados para a construção da estância hidromineral do Barreiro, em Araxá, Minas Gerais, compreendendo o plano urbanístico feito sob a orientação do engenheiro Lincoln Continentino, os diversos edifícios que constituem tal complexo, propostos pelo escritório de Luiz Signorelli e por Francisco Bolonha, e o parque concebido por Roberto Burle-Marx. Estabelece paralelos entre essa estância e outros planos semelhantes no Brasil e no exterior, buscando reconhecer seus modelos e referências; bem como observar a inserção do Barreiro como um dos vários balneários construídos no país entre 1920 e 1950, período de introdução e adaptação de idéias urbanísticas internacionais e de debate entre a arquitetura eclética e a moderna no Brasil. / The work investigates the projects elaborated for the construction of Barreiro hidromineral resort, in Araxá, Minas Gerais, compreending the urban plan, prepaired under engeneer Lincoln Continentino’s supervision, the buildings that constitute such ensemble, proposed by Luiz Signorelli’s office team and by Francisco Bolonha, and the park, conceived by Roberto Burle Marx. The text makes some comparisons between this complex and other similar plans in Brazil and in foreign countries, in order to recognize its models and references and to observe Barreiro’s role as one of the several watering-places built in Brazil between 1920 and 1950, a period of introduction and adaptation of international urbanistic ideas and of debate between ecletic and modern architecture in Brazil.

La Performance Sociétale de l’Entreprise (PSE) a reçu une attention croissante tant au plan théorique qu’empirique. Pourtant, elle reste souvent réduite à sa dimension « résultats », centrée sur la mesure. Par opposition, sa dimension managériale a été largement ignorée et le management des Parties Prenantes (PP), notion vague et indéterminée, constitue toujours l’unique levier managérial de la PSE proposé par la littérature. Cette thèse cherche à combler ce manque et propose une modélisation de la PSE qui considère explicitement le rôle des PP vis-à-vis de sa dimension managériale. Cette dernière est saisie à travers un ensemble de leviers managériaux situés à trois niveaux – stratégique, tactique et opérationnel. L’applicabilité du modèle aux stations de montagne est discutée à l’aide d’une revue systématique de la littérature pour rendre compte d’éventuelles spécificités propres à cette unité d’analyse. La méthodologie empirique, de nature exploratoire et confirmatoire, repose sur l’étude de 4 cas de stations de montagne situées dans les alpes françaises. Les données primaires issues de 71 entretiens semi-directifs et de questionnaires auprès de PP représentatives des sphères civile, politique et économique des stations ont été complétées par des données secondaires. Malgré le constat d’un certain « tropisme économique » dans les 4 stations étudiées, les résultats indiquent que les PP des stations ont un rôle à jouer aux trois niveaux du management de la performance sociétale et que l’intensité de ce rôle varie en fonction de leur légitimité et pouvoir. Ils montrent également que l’intégration des PP au management de la performance sociétale est une condition nécessaire pour permettre une réelle prise en compte de leurs responsabilités sociétales. Au plan théorique, cette thèse contribue à l’approche de la PSE par les PP par la prise en compte explicite de sa dimension managériale à côté de sa dimension « résultats ». Au plan managérial, elle débouche sur des recommandations utiles pour aider les stations de montagne à se saisir d’une performance élargie à ses composantes économiques, sociales et environnementales en réponse aux enjeux sociétaux auxquels elles font face / Corporate Social Performance (CSP) has received a significant attention from scholars and practitioners. However, the study of the concept is often limited to its “results” dimension, focusing on measurement only. On the other hand, its managerial dimension has mostly been ignored and the concept of “stakeholders management”, a rather vague and ambiguous one, remains as CSP only managerial lever in the literature. This research seeks to fill that gap and develops a new CSP model. Its new managerial dimension comprises a set of managerial levers at strategic, tactic and operational levels and explicitly takes stakeholders’ role into account. As this research focuses on mountain resorts, the model’s relevance for such a unit of analysis has been assessed by confronting it to mountain resorts’ specificities identified through a systematic literature review. From a methodological point of view, 4 mountain resorts located in the French Alps have been studied through two (exploratory and confirmatory) case study methodologies. Primary data consists of transcripts of the 71 semi-directive interviews conducted with stakeholders from the political, civilian and economic spheres in the 4 resorts. Secondary data has also been collected. Despite the “economic tropism” observed in all 4 resorts, results show that stakeholders have a role to play on each three levels of social performance management and that this role may vary according to stakeholders’ power and legitimacy in the resort. They also show that integrating stakeholders in social performance management is a mean, for them, to better take their social responsibilities into account. From a theoretical perspective, the research contributes to the stakeholders’ approach of CSP by explicitly taking its managerial dimension into account and replacing it next to its “results” dimension. From a managerial point of view, we propose recommendations to help mountain resorts to embrace a wider – economic, social and environmental – view of performance

O trabalho investiga os projetos elaborados para a construção da estância hidromineral do Barreiro, em Araxá, Minas Gerais, compreendendo o plano urbanístico feito sob a orientação do engenheiro Lincoln Continentino, os diversos edifícios que constituem tal complexo, propostos pelo escritório de Luiz Signorelli e por Francisco Bolonha, e o parque concebido por Roberto Burle-Marx. Estabelece paralelos entre essa estância e outros planos semelhantes no Brasil e no exterior, buscando reconhecer seus modelos e referências; bem como observar a inserção do Barreiro como um dos vários balneários construídos no país entre 1920 e 1950, período de introdução e adaptação de idéias urbanísticas internacionais e de debate entre a arquitetura eclética e a moderna no Brasil. / The work investigates the projects elaborated for the construction of Barreiro hidromineral resort, in Araxá, Minas Gerais, compreending the urban plan, prepaired under engeneer Lincoln Continentino’s supervision, the buildings that constitute such ensemble, proposed by Luiz Signorelli’s office team and by Francisco Bolonha, and the park, conceived by Roberto Burle Marx. The text makes some comparisons between this complex and other similar plans in Brazil and in foreign countries, in order to recognize its models and references and to observe Barreiro’s role as one of the several watering-places built in Brazil between 1920 and 1950, a period of introduction and adaptation of international urbanistic ideas and of debate between ecletic and modern architecture in Brazil.

Millennials are estimated to compose half of the workforce by 2020. Many hospitality researchers have studied Millennial employee engagement, but less is known about how to apply strategies that are authentically engaging for Millennials. The purpose of this study was to explore Millennial employee engagement strategies. The research questions for this study were used to examine the engagement strategies of luxury resort leaders and how Millennial employees perceived engagement. A single case study design was used to gather interview, questionnaire, and company document data from employees of a luxury resort in Hawai`i. Kahn's employee engagement theory served as the basis for the conceptual framework. Six non-Millennial department heads participated in semistructured interviews by purposeful sampling and 11 Millennial employees completed an online, anonymous questionnaire. Saldana's 2-cycle coding analysis was used to determine themes based upon the conceptual framework, participant descriptions of engagement, and commonalities among effective strategies. The 3 most significant themes were the importance of (a) interpersonal respect, (b) interpersonal trust, and (c) meaningful relationships. Another worthwhile finding was the difference in perceptions of engagement aspects between Millennials and other generations. To fully engage Millennial employees, luxury resort leaders should focus on thoughtful communication, empathy, and relationship-building strategies. The implications for social change include the potential to foster happy, productive Millennial employees who contribute to the performance of their organizations. When resort leaders increase their skills to build respect, trust, and meaningful relationships, they improve workplace culture for all employees.

Aim: By studying the evolution of the market for package holidays over time we hope to get an understanding of the trends that have characterized the market. By doing so, we can get an idea of where the market is moving towards the future. This knowledge is essential for market participants to establish appropriate strategies that follow market trends. Method: We have used qualitative interviews with people involved in the charter industry. Result & Conclusions: The market is characterized by an increase in Internet orientation, where the travel directory and the physical travel agents are becoming less important. The understanding of climate impacts of travel has increased. More people of the third-generation buy package travels and countries in North Africa and Asia are growing in popularity. We believe the market in the coming years will be characterized by lower prices and lower quality. Travel directories will be replaced by promotional flyers. Marketing will be aimed at the third generation. It will be difficult for physical retailers to retain customers. Interest in countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia and Egypt will increase. Suggestions for future research: “A study of the physical dealer prospects” and “Studies on the consumers’ willingness to pay for environmentally friendly charter” would be interesting.   Contribution of the thesis: An increased understanding of the trends in the charter industry.   Key words: Trend, charter companies, market, marketing, consumers, destinations, resorts, travel directory, Internet, development, future. / Syfte: Genom att studera utvecklingen på marknaden för charterresor över tid hoppas vi få förståelse för vilka trender som har präglat marknaden för charterresor och vilka tendenser vi kan se att utvecklingen rör sig mot. Denna kunskap är nödvändig för att charterbolagen ska kunna upprätta relevanta strategier som följer marknadens utveckling. Metod: Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer med personer verksamma inom charterbranschen. Resultat och slutsats: Marknaden karaktäriseras av en ökad internetorientering, där resekatalogen och de fysiska resebyråerna blir allt mindre betydelsefulla. Även kunskapen om resandets klimateffekter har ökat. Allt fler personer av den äldre generationen köper charterresor och länder i Nordafrika och Asien växer i popularitet. Vi bedömer att marknaden de kommande åren kommer att kännetecknas av lägre priser och sämre kvalitet. Resekatalogen ersätts av reklamblad. Marknadsföring kommer att riktas till den äldre generationen. Det blir svårt för fysiska återförsäljare att behålla kunder. Intresset för länder som Vietnam, Malaysia och Egypten kommer att öka.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: En kartläggning av de fysiska återförsäljarnas framtidsutsikter samt studier om betalningsviljan för miljövänliga charterresor vore intressant Uppsatsens bidrag: Ökad förståelse för utvecklingen i charterbranschen.   Nyckelord: Trend, charterbolag, marknad, marknadsföring, konsument, destination, resmål, resekatalog, internet, utveckling, framtid.

published_or_final_version / English / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

La montée en puissance des problématiques liées au développement immobilier des stations occupe une place croissante dans les débats publics. D'un côté, face à l'incapacité d'identifier des leviers efficaces en matière de réhabilitation, les associations d'élus et d'opérateurs de domaines skiables ne cessent de souligner l'impérieuse nécessité de poursuivre le développement immobilier, clef de voûte du maintien d'une activité économique indispensable à la survie des territoires de montagne. De l'autre, des associations environnementalistes et d'usagers de la montagne militent contre le phénomène d'intensification de l'urbanisation des sites de montagne. Face à ce dilemme, et dans un contexte où le législateur s'efforce à occuper une position de plus en plus affirmée en tant que garant de la limitation de l'extension des surfaces urbanisées, la question immobilière dans les stations de montagne revêt donc un intérêt particulier que cette thèse de doctorat propose d'approfondir. En postulant que l'immobilier constitue un marqueur particulièrement adapté pour appréhender les trajectoires de développement des stations touristiques, notre recherche vise à répondre à un double objectif : qualifier les cycles et les formes de développement des stations d'une part, mieux comprendre les facteurs à l'origine de ces évolutions d'autre part. Dans le contexte très spécifique des stations françaises de sports d'hiver marquées à des degrés divers par le poids de l'intervention publique, la question de l'impact du modèle de développement initial sur la nature de leurs trajectoires constitue un enjeu essentiel de cette démarche. Du fait de la diversité et de l'étendue des facteurs en cause, aborder le champ de la production immobilière dans le contexte touristique implique une grande transversalité des approches – mêlant analyses économiques, urbaines et politiques – articulées à différentes échelles, entre logiques globales de marché et régulation locale de l'aménagement touristique. L'originalité de notre recherche tient dans le caractère transversal, pluridisciplinaire et focalisant de la démarche visant à déconstruire progressivement l'enjeu immobilier en stations. En adoptant une posture volontairement distanciée vis-à-vis du discours opérationnel tel qu'il est formalisé sur la scène politique et médiatique, ce travail s'efforce de s'affranchir de la traditionnelle opposition entre injonction du développement économique et préservation des milieux naturels pour se focaliser davantage sur les fondamentaux de la « décision de construire » souvent qualifiée de « boite noire » de l'aménagement urbain. Quels sont les principaux mécanismes à l'origine de la croissance immobilière des stations ? Comment ont-ils évolué depuis leur implantation ? Certaines stations sont-elles davantage prédisposées à la croissance ? Comment s'opèrent les mécanismes de régulation publique autour de l'urbanisation ? Autant de questionnements que ce travail de recherche tentera d'éclairer dans la perspective plus globale de nourrir la connaissance sur les ressorts de la production immobilière spécifiques au contexte touristique. / The growing concern with issues relating to real estate development in mountain resorts is reflected in their increasing importance in public debate. On the one hand, associations of elected representatives and ski area operators, unable to identify effective levers to ensure resort rehabilitation, have continued to stress the overriding need to pursue real estate development as a cornerstone for maintaining a level of economic activity indispensable to the survival of mountain areas. On the other hand, environmental groups and associations of mountain users have been ardent campaigners against the increasing urbanisation of mountain areas. Given this dilemma, and in a context where legislators wish to be seen to be increasingly assertive in limiting the spread of urbanisation, the question of real estate development in mountain resorts has taken on an increasingly important role, a role that this doctoral thesis seeks to examine in greater depth. Starting from the premise that real estate is a particularly suitable yardstick for understanding the development paths taken by tourist resorts, our research has a two-fold objective: first to identify and describe the different cycles and types of resort development, second to better understand the factors underlying the changes taking place. In the very specific context of French winter sports resorts, the development of which has been characterised by varying levels of public intervention, the question of the impact of the initial development model on the nature of resort development is a key consideration in our approach. Given the diversity and far-reaching effects of the factors in question, an investigation of real estate production in the context of tourism development calls for a cross-disciplinary approach – involving economic, urban and political analyses – conducted at different scales, reconciling global market principles and regulations governing tourism development at the local level. The originality of our research lies in its cross-cutting, multidisciplinary focus on progressively deconstructing the real estate issue in resorts. By adopting a stance that is deliberately distanced from the operational rhetoric so often used by politicians and the media, our study endeavours to break free from the traditional dichotomy that opposes the need for economic development and the preservation of the natural environment. Instead it focuses more on the fundamentals of the “decision to build”, often referred to as the “black box” of urban development. What are the main mechanisms underlying real estate growth in tourist resorts? How have they evolved since they were first introduced? Are some resorts more disposed to growth than others? How do public regulation mechanisms operate with respect to urbanisation? Our research will attempt to answer these questions from an overall perspective that focuses on gaining insights into the workings of real estate construction in the context of tourism.

Au cours de la dernière décennie, beaucoup d'environnements commerciaux, de lieux de restauration ou de sites touristiques et de loisirs ont évolué pour se transformer en une variation de mondes à découvrir et dans lesquels vivre des expériences éminemment sensorielles. La démultiplication des lieux thématisés nous a conduits à nous interroger sur ce qu'ils pouvaient procurer de plus que les autres à leurs clients. Au vu des coûts engendrés, une stratégie de thématisation se doit d'avoir un impact sur le comportement des consommateurs. Du point de vue théorique, les recherches sur la thématisation s'inscrivent dans le courant expérientiel qui vise notamment à réenchanter le consommateur. Les travaux en sociologie de la consommation expliquent son désenchantement par la rationalisation des activités de production et de consommation qui a marqué la période moderne. La simulation et l'hyperréalité – piliers de la postmodernité – sont le support des stratégies de thématisation. Au service du réenchantement, le marketing expérientiel vise alors à redonner du sens et de la magie aux expériences de consommation, qu'elles soient extraordinaires ou quotidiennes. Cette recherche se propose d'étudier les effets de la thématisation du lieu sur l'expérience vécue par le consommateur. Elle s'inscrit dans le champ des travaux relatifs à l'influence de l'environnement sur le comportement du consommateur. Un modèle alliant variables cognitives (valeur globale perçue, satisfaction) et expérientielles (émotions, enchantement, valeur de consommation) est proposé pour expliquer les intentions de revenir sur le lieu. Notre travail suit une démarche hypothético-déductive et s'appuie sur une étude quantitative par questionnaire. Le cas des grandes stations de sports d'hiver constitue le terrain de la recherche. Les données ont été collectées dans une station thématisée (Arc 1950) et une station non thématisée (Arc 1800.) Des tests statistiques de différences de moyennes et des analyses par équations structurelles (approche PLS) ont été mobilisés afin d'étudier les effets de la thématisation du lieu et de tester le modèle de recherche proposé. Nous distinguons quatre principaux apports. Le premier, de nature conceptuelle, contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la notion d'enchantement ainsi qu'à une mise en perspective de la thématisation vis à vis de la notion de théâtralisation. Le second apport est relatif à l'influence de la thématisation. Les résultats montrent qu'un environnement thématisé procure des émotions plus intenses et favorise l'enchantement du consommateur. La valeur globale perçue de l'expérience et le niveau de satisfaction sont également supérieurs dans la station thématisée. La troisième contribution réside dans l'étude des liens structurels entre les variables du modèle conceptuel. En premier lieu, nous mettons en évidence une influence très forte de l'enchantement sur la valeur globale et la satisfaction. Nous constatons également que l'intention de revenir sur le lieu est mieux expliquée par la satisfaction que par la valeur globale. Parallèlement, nous montrons que la valeur de consommation attachée à l'expérience n'a que peu d'effet sur les autres variables du modèle. Enfin, la principale contribution méthodologique de ce travail est le développement d'une échelle de mesure de la valeur de consommation attachée aux séjours en stations de sports d'hiver. / During the last decade, many places like restaurants, shopping malls, tourism and leisure environments, have evolved into a plurality of worlds to be discovered and into which one can live sensory experiences. The multiplication of themed places led us to ponder about the supplement of value they could offer to their customers. Given the engendered costs, a strategy based on thematization has to influence behaviors of consumers. From a theoretical point of view, research on thematization draws on the experiential stream of literature, which aims at reenchanting consumers. Research in consumption sociology explains disenchantment through rationalization of production and consumption activities, which has been a landmark of the modern period. Simulation and hyperreality, as pillars of postmodernity, ground strategies of thematization. Experiential marketing then aims at giving sense and magic back to consumption experiences, be they extraordinary or not. This research studies the effects of themed place on the experience lived by consumers. It draws on works that study environmental influence on consumer behavior. A model mixing cognitive (global perceived value, satisfaction) and affective (emotions, enchantment, consumption value) variables, which aims at explaining intention to come back, is proposed. Major ski resorts are the empirical field of application. A quantitative study has been conducted in both a themed (Arc 1950) and a non-themed (Arc 1800) resort. Mean differences t-tests and structural equation modeling (PLS approach) have been used to test the proposed model. Four main contributions emerge. The first one is conceptual as we contribute to a better understanding of the enchantment. Thematization and dramatizing are also confronted. The second is related to the influence of thematization. Results show that a themed environment brings more intense emotions and improves consumer's enchantment. Perceived global value of the experience and satisfaction are also higher in the themed resort. The third contribution lies into the study of structural relations between the variables in the model. First, a strong influence of enchantment on global perceived value and satisfaction is shown. It is also noticed that satisfaction better explains intention to come back than global value. Furthermore, our results indicate that consumption value has little effects on other variables. Last, the development of a measurement scale of ski resort experience consumption value is the main methodological contribution of this research.