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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

UNDERSTANDING THE RESPONSIBLE GAMBLING BEHAVIOR OF NON-PROBLEM GAMBLERS

Lee, Jaeseok January 2016 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to better understand the goal-striving process in the context of non-problem gambler’s responsible gambling. More specifically, the primary aim of this study was to elucidate the hierarchical structure of goals, the role of the motivational phase of the goal-striving process, and the influence of cognitive evaluation and affective regulation on the goal-striving process. In the first part of the study, a conceptual model is proposed, in which the intrinsic factors used to predict non-problem gamblers’ intentions to gamble responsibly are delineated and tested according to the extension of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991), the model of action phases (Gollwitzer, 1990, 1993), the model of goal-directed behavior (Perugini & Bagozzi, 2001; Perugini & Conner, 2000), and the model of effortful decision making and enactment (Bagozzi, Dholakia, & Basuroy, 2003; Dholakia, Bagozzi, & Gopinath, 2007). Four cognitive factors explain the motivational phase of the goal-striving process, and were incorporated in the current study. One factor explains the goal-oriented behavior at abstract level (i.e., goal feasibility), and the other three explain implementation of action-oriented behavior at concrete level (i.e., attitude toward implementing the actions necessary to achieve the goal, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control). In addition, two ways of emotional regulation were incorporated to explain the goal-oriented behavior at abstract level. That is, prefactual emotional valence factors related to the success and failure of future goal attainment (anticipated positive and negative emotions) affect goal desire. To sum up, this study anticipated that the proposed antecedent constructs (two anticipated emotions, goal feasibility, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) were strong indicators of how non-problem casino patrons would strive to achieve the goal (i.e., maturing or developing responsible gambling behavior) through a goal-striving process, where the motivational phase plays a critical role in explaining intention to gamble responsibly. A secondary goal of the study was to explore how responsible gambling strategies implemented by the gambling industry influence non-problem casino customers’ goal-directed behavior in a responsible gambling setting. Given the ongoing controversy about the effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies, the focus in the second part of the current study was on how situational arousal factors (i.e., psychological reactance) with regard to external interventions (i.e., compulsory and supplementary responsible gambling strategies) would affect implementation intention, based on the psychological reactance theory (J. W. Brehm, 1989; S. S. Brehm & Brehm, 1981). In other words, situational arousal factors were incorporated herein to explain the extrinsic part of the goal-striving process model. This study was designed to facilitate an understanding of how and why external interventions may fail to deliver the intended effect in the responsible gambling context. In order to take into account the varying effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies, an effort was made to discern between the different effects of each responsible gambling strategy type and to understand in greater detail how these effects were moderated by individual disposition, and especially the strength of the individual’s desire for control. A clear understanding of the moderating effect enables a richer understanding of the effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies with regard to responsible gambling behavior by non-problem casino patrons. Insight gained from the study through analysis of the results is discussed, and important theoretical and practical implications and future research agendas presented in the conclusion. / Tourism and Sport
262

Financial capacity and sustainable procurement: the mediating effects of sustainability leadership and socially responsible human resource capability

Etse, D., McMurray, A., Muenjohn, Nuttawuth 05 March 2024 (has links)
No / This study examines the effects of organizational financial capacity on sustainable procurement and the extent to which socially responsible human resource capability and sustainability leadership mediate this relationship. Data obtained from 322 organizations through quantitative surveys were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest the following: financial capacity has a significant positive effect on sustainable procurement; financial capacity has a significantly positive effect on socially responsible human resource capability; sustainability leadership and socially responsible human resource capability mediate the positive effect of financial capacity on sustainable procurement. The research contributes to the literature a perspective on the mechanisms through which organizational financial capacity influences sustainable procurement via socially responsible human resource capability and sustainability leadership. The insights provided will inform management decisions and actions regarding how organizational finance can be leveraged strategically to optimize sustainable corporate practices and outcomes.
263

Team-Based Learning and Threshold Concepts in Biological Security and Dual-Use: Toward a Transformative Biological Security Pedagogy—The Game Changing Implications of CRISPR/Cas and the Design of a Novel Methodology for Influencing the Culture of Life and Associated Science through Awareness Raising and Education

Whitby, Simon, Dando, Malcolm, McCarter, Rebecca, Tweddell, Simon 22 September 2024 (has links)
Yes / CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene editing technologies appear to be a game-changer and suggest great potential for genome manipulation and for developments in next-generation therapeutics. Ethical, legal and social concerns have been raised in light of recent applications in humans. Concern also arises in relation to the potential of such developments for misuse. In addressing the post-COVID19 challenges raised by responsible research innovation and in confronting what to do about the vexed question of “dual-use”, we contend that awareness-raising and education concerning the ethical, legal and social implications of scientific research innovation represents a welcome and empowering alternative to top down regulatory responses that may serve to stifle innovation. The design and subsequent implementation of a novel transformative pedagogy combining Team-Based Learning and Threshold Concepts yields both empirical evidence-based metrics for real-time learning. As well as generating novel empirical data-sets for the identification of subject-specific threshold concepts across discrete specialisms in the life sciences, we argue that this hybrid methodology can be used to engage science professionals and students alike in meaningful and much-needed dialogue about developments relating to genome manipulation. We demonstrate how evidence-based threshold concepts can inform the design of bespoke subject-specific training as we suggest was the case from our deployment of team-based learning and threshold concepts during our proof of concept application, prior to the pandemic, during the course of two European Union Human Brain Project training programmes undertaken in 2017 and 2018, with experts in neuroscience research at the Karonlinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
264

State-of-the-art practices being reported by the PRME champions group: a reference to advance education for sustainable development

Ghizzi, Mariana Reis de Assumpção 28 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Mariana Assumpcao (maghizzi@gmail.com) on 2018-08-29T03:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_Mariana Assumpcao_2018.pdf: 4548141 bytes, checksum: 8ed554ba741dffca269c8a36802c13ac (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Mariana, Recebemos o seu trabalho na biblioteca mas será necessário fazer alguns ajustes. Estou encaminhando por e-mail as alterações necessárias. Por favor, faça as alterações e submeta novamente o trabalho na biblioteca digital. Atenciosamente Simone - SRA on 2018-08-30T20:17:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by Mariana Assumpcao (maghizzi@gmail.com) on 2018-08-31T19:26:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_Mariana Assumpcao_2018.pdf: 4547611 bytes, checksum: 49aad4c70da4e8b21919f40dcb9dec70 (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Mariana, Recebemos o trabalho aplicado submetido a biblioteca digital, mas o trabalho não tem as alterações solicitadas. Por favor, submeta novamente o trabalho com as alterações. Atenciosamente, Simone de A Lopes Pires SRA on 2018-09-03T19:47:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by Mariana Assumpcao (maghizzi@gmail.com) on 2018-09-03T20:00:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_Mariana Assumpcao_2018.pdf: 4547611 bytes, checksum: 49aad4c70da4e8b21919f40dcb9dec70 (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Boa Tarde Mariana. Por favor, verifique o trabalho que está submetendo. Continua subindo o arquivo errado. Atenciosamente, Simone de A Lopes Pires SRA on 2018-09-03T21:50:12Z (GMT) / Submitted by Mariana Assumpcao (maghizzi@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T16:36:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_2018.pdf: 4552208 bytes, checksum: 88fc40ea635711c491b70fdfaa59faf9 (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Boa Tarde Mariana, Verifiquei que não há no seu trabalho um resumo em português, Por favor, acrescente o resumo e submeta novamente o trabalho para liberação. Atenciosamente, Simone on 2018-09-04T18:03:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Mariana Assumpcao (maghizzi@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T19:01:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_2018.pdf: 4587968 bytes, checksum: 9f93d7aab79b6eeafed4e925d67c24f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-04T19:24:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_2018.pdf: 4587968 bytes, checksum: 9f93d7aab79b6eeafed4e925d67c24f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-05T13:01:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_2018.pdf: 4587968 bytes, checksum: 9f93d7aab79b6eeafed4e925d67c24f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T13:01:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 State-Of-The-Art Practices Being Reported by the PRME Champions Group - A Reference to Advance Education for Sustainable Development_2018.pdf: 4587968 bytes, checksum: 9f93d7aab79b6eeafed4e925d67c24f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / This study aims to offer a diagnostic of the 'state-of-the-art' practices being reported throughout the Sharing Information Process (SIP) by the Champions Group, a group of schools that are signatories of the Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME, a United Nations Global Compact initiative), committed to spearheading transformational change toward more socially and environmentally responsible leadership. The study also suggests an analytical model - based on qualitative research and documentary analysis – to define the study sample, investigate data, identify patterns, organise and codify a large amount of information within all reports searched. The analytical model represents a framework in which the result is a collection of practices being reported, functioning as a useful guide and practical reference for higher educational institutions – signatory or otherwise – when promoting or advancing transformational change in their business model. The framework could also be valuable for Graduate Schools – or even Primary Schools to High Schools – considering the urgency of the 2030 Agenda, especially its 4.7 target, referred to as 'An education for sustainable development and global citizenship'. / Este estudo propõe um diagnóstico do que seria o estado da arte das práticas sendo reportadas através dos relatórios SIP (Sharing Information Process) pelo Champions Group, um grupo de escolas de negócios que são signatárias do Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME, uma iniciativa da Organização das Nações Unidas pelo Pacto Globa) e que se comprometeram a liderar mudanças transformacionais em direção a formação de lideranças mais responsáveis quanto a aspectos sociais e ambientais. O estudo também sugere um modelo analítico – baseado em pesquisa qualitativa a análise documental – para os processos de definição da amostra de pesquisa, de investigação de informações, identificação de padrões, organização e codificação de uma vasta quantidade de dados contidos no total de relatórios pesquisados. O modelo analítico representa um framework no qual o resultado corresponde a compilação das práticas reportadas, representando um guia útil e uma referência prática para instituições de ensino superior – signatárias ou não do PRME – quando estiverem promovendo ou avançando em mudanças transformacionais de seu modelo de negócio. O framework pode também ter valor para escolas de Graduação – ou mesmo para escolas de ensino fundamental e ensino médio – considerando a urgência destacada na Agenda 2030, especialmente na meta 4.7, que faz referência a 'uma educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para a cidadania global'.
265

Responsible use of social media by undergraduate student nurses / Ingrid van der Walt

Van der Walt, Ingrid January 2014 (has links)
The background and problem statement centre on the evolution of technology within teaching and learning, which involves undergraduate student nurses, as well as the use of social media as interactive teaching and communication tool. While examining the background to this topic, the researcher recognised a need to gain a deeper understanding of responsible social media use by undergraduate student nurses to the benefit of all the stakeholders, namely the Nursing Education Institution (NEI), applicable health care facilities, the patients and the student nurses. The study starts off with a literature review to peruse what is known about social media and information communication technology by undergraduate student nurses within a Higher Education (HE) environment. Literature shows that nurses in their work environment are not excluded from social media interaction processes. Within this context, social media offers improved contact and communication in general and in the working environment through the internet. The aim of this study is to explore and describe responsible use of social media by undergraduate student nurses. Methodology: The study followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design. All-inclusive, probable and purposive sampling (Brink, van der Walt & van Rensburg, 2006:134) was applied to select participants from a population of undergraduate student nurses (N=200, n=39). Prospective participants were informed by the researcher regarding the research by means of a Power Point slideshow and from there prospective participants had to make an informed decision to participate voluntarily in the research. Data was collected by means of an unstructured conversation between the researcher and participants via the real-time, online Chat Room of Sakai 2.9.1. Sakai 2.9.1 refers to an educational software platform which is a Java-based, service-oriented application used in an open source academic community. Sakai 2.9.1 is used within this context as a Course Management System and Virtual Learning Environment. The following questions were asked: “Tell me how you use your social media (e.g. Facebook™, Twitter™, WAYN™, LinkedIn™, WhatsApp™, etc.)”; “How do you access and on which device do you use social media?”, “What is your view of responsible social media use as a student nurse?” Although it was an all-inclusive sample and all members of the population were invited to participate, the sample size was established once the research reached data saturation (Brink et al., 2006:135). Thirty-nine participants (n=39) participated and the analysed results were first confirmed in a focus group. Six (6) main themes where identified, namely: social media as a quick academic reference; the social communication uses of social media; social curiosity; multiple social media registrations, but limited social media use; student nurses’ need for guidelines regarding responsible social media use and a need to share photographs on social media. The final conclusion was that student nurses entered the nursing profession with established social media skill. Yet, student nurses need guidance to divert social media use from a social perspective to social media use within a professional capacity. Recommendations for enhanced responsible social media use by student nurses where formulated. (Word count: 489) / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
266

Responsible use of social media by undergraduate student nurses / Ingrid van der Walt

Van der Walt, Ingrid January 2014 (has links)
The background and problem statement centre on the evolution of technology within teaching and learning, which involves undergraduate student nurses, as well as the use of social media as interactive teaching and communication tool. While examining the background to this topic, the researcher recognised a need to gain a deeper understanding of responsible social media use by undergraduate student nurses to the benefit of all the stakeholders, namely the Nursing Education Institution (NEI), applicable health care facilities, the patients and the student nurses. The study starts off with a literature review to peruse what is known about social media and information communication technology by undergraduate student nurses within a Higher Education (HE) environment. Literature shows that nurses in their work environment are not excluded from social media interaction processes. Within this context, social media offers improved contact and communication in general and in the working environment through the internet. The aim of this study is to explore and describe responsible use of social media by undergraduate student nurses. Methodology: The study followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design. All-inclusive, probable and purposive sampling (Brink, van der Walt & van Rensburg, 2006:134) was applied to select participants from a population of undergraduate student nurses (N=200, n=39). Prospective participants were informed by the researcher regarding the research by means of a Power Point slideshow and from there prospective participants had to make an informed decision to participate voluntarily in the research. Data was collected by means of an unstructured conversation between the researcher and participants via the real-time, online Chat Room of Sakai 2.9.1. Sakai 2.9.1 refers to an educational software platform which is a Java-based, service-oriented application used in an open source academic community. Sakai 2.9.1 is used within this context as a Course Management System and Virtual Learning Environment. The following questions were asked: “Tell me how you use your social media (e.g. Facebook™, Twitter™, WAYN™, LinkedIn™, WhatsApp™, etc.)”; “How do you access and on which device do you use social media?”, “What is your view of responsible social media use as a student nurse?” Although it was an all-inclusive sample and all members of the population were invited to participate, the sample size was established once the research reached data saturation (Brink et al., 2006:135). Thirty-nine participants (n=39) participated and the analysed results were first confirmed in a focus group. Six (6) main themes where identified, namely: social media as a quick academic reference; the social communication uses of social media; social curiosity; multiple social media registrations, but limited social media use; student nurses’ need for guidelines regarding responsible social media use and a need to share photographs on social media. The final conclusion was that student nurses entered the nursing profession with established social media skill. Yet, student nurses need guidance to divert social media use from a social perspective to social media use within a professional capacity. Recommendations for enhanced responsible social media use by student nurses where formulated. (Word count: 489) / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
267

Influence of wilderness experience on the adoption of environmentally responsible behaviour

De Wet, Benita 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Conventional environmental education programmes appear to have limitations in precipitating the radical change needed to solve major environmental problems. In this study the potential of wilderness experience (WE) as a catalyst for developing ecoliteracy and consequent adoption of environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB), are discussed. Attitudinal changes and adoption of ERB by adult participants, following a weekend WE conducted in the Pilanesberg National Park, located in the North-West Province of South Africa, were probed through group and individual interviews over a period of time. Results indicate that WE may be a significant catalyst in developing ecoliteracy, while effects on adoption of ERB are diluted by several factors – both personal and structural (societal). The role of the wilderness guide in facilitating effective re-connection with nature, and stimulating the development and growth of ecoliteracy in individual participants in the WE, is highlighted. It is suggested that WE provides a substantive addition to the mechanisms available for experiential environmental education programmes, in that it accesses different ways of learning that focus on the emotional and spiritual elements of the human connection to nature.
268

Community Ltd. and the spirit of ethno-enterprise : exploring cultural branding and incorporation among the Makuleke

Van Zyl, Izak Jakobus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, I examine the case study of the Makuleke in Limpopo province. This community entered the public spotlight when it regained its former homeland in the Kruger National Park. It currently partakes in an extensive programme on ‘responsible tourism’ via commercial expansion. This concession allows (or is supposed to allow) for increased community development and economic growth in the Makuleke region. The community has become more business-like in their approach to this concession. This process is encapsulated by the formalisation of the land management structures in what I refer to as Makuleke Inc. Makuleke Inc. has at its heart a ‘cultural business’, of which an ‘authentic Makuleke’ is presented and traded. I detail the production of unique, bona fide culture through branding (that is, commercial representation). This practice contributes to new or different configurations of identity and collective belonging. “ / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie navorsingstuk behartig ek die gevallestudie van die Makuleke in Limpopo. Hierdie gemeenskap het die publieke oog betree nadat sy tuisland in die Kruger Nasionale Wildtuin teruggewen is. Tans is dit betrokke by ‘n omvattende program in ‘verantwoordelike toerisme’ deur middel van kommersiële ontwikkeling. Hierdie konsessie dra by (of is veronderstel om by te dra) tot verhoogde gemeenskaps- en ekonomiese groei in die Makuleke omgewing. Die gemeenskap se benadering tot genoemde toegewing is besigheids-georiënteerd. Hierdie proses word gekenmerk deur die formalisering van die grond-beheerstrukture deur wat ek noem Makuleke Inc. (ingelyf). Makuleke Inc. is as’t ware ‘n ‘kulturele onderneming’, waar ‘n ‘egte Makuleke’ voorgestel en verhandel word. Ek beskryf die produksie van ‘n unieke, egte kultuur deur die gebruik van handelsmerke (dit is, kommersiële voorstelling). Hierdie proses dra by tot nuwe of ander gestaltes van identiteit en gemeenskaplikheid.
269

A better world by design? : an investigation into industrial design consultants undertaking responsible design within their commercial remits

Stevenson, Norman January 2013 (has links)
Growing recognition of the profound topics affecting society; including population changes, social issues, and environmental crisis; is emphasising the need for industrial designers to address additional goals beyond those associated with purely commercial targets. Industrial design consultants, however, have a myriad of complex and inter-related elements influencing their work. This thesis investigates those influences and offers a portrayal of what affects industrial design consultants addressing more responsible design goals within their commercial remits. It reviews the literature relating to the nature and role of industrial design, and its relationship with society s larger needs. From this, it expounds the methodology underpinning the investigation, and describes the phases involved. Two main studies were undertaken to pursue the research objectives: an explorative workshop involving 19 participants from design practice and academia; and a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews involving a total of 31 industrial design consultants, leading academics, and design-related strategic consultants. From the analysis of the data, three sets of key observations and theory are presented in the thesis. The first set of findings examines the range of influencing factors acting on the consultant and their work by depicting the characteristics of the main elements constructing the product creation context. The second and principal set of findings identifies what determines the possibility for consultants to incorporate responsible design goals within their work. Using a framework derived from the analysis, and drawing on interview data for empirical backing, it expands on six key areas, identifying a critical determining factor for each. The third set of outcomes combines the findings from the primary data with existing knowledge on design actions and behavioural theory, to depict the formation of an industrial design consultant s behaviour and their tendencies towards responsible design. In this way, the research offers a thorough investigation of what affects industrial design consultants addressing more responsible design goals, by considering the characteristics of their circumstances; the determination of their possibility to act; and what shapes their individual behaviour.
270

Gemenskap och mångfald : En ekklesiologisk studie med utgångspunkt i Don S. Brownings metod, där två församlingars tal om identitet och pluralism i den egna församlingen relateras till Dietrich Bonhoeffers teologiska tänkande / Community and Pluralism : An ecclesiological study, taking the method of Don S. Browning as its starting point, where two parishes' talk of identity and pluralism in their own parishes is being related to the theological thinking of Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Blåder, Niclas January 2008 (has links)
Gemenskap är eftersträvansvärt för de flesta människor. Samtidigt är många gemenskaper relativt homogena och likriktade. På ett liknande sätt är många kristna församlingsgemenskaper uppbyggda, dvs. de är gemenskaper där mångfalden får svårt att hävda sig. Kan teologin bidra med öppningar i ett samtal om gemenskap och mångfald i den kristna församlingen och i mänskligt samliv? Denna avhandling utgår från hur man inom två konkreta församlingar i Svenska kyrkan talar om identitet och pluralism och försöker komma till rätta med att man har olika tankefigurer för hur en församlingsgemenskap skall kunna innefatta mångfald. Församlingarnas svårigheter pekar mot ett allmänkyrkligt dilemma, kanske allmänmänskligt: Hur förena gemenskap och mångfald? Dietrich Bonhoeffer är en teolog som i sina skrifter diskuterade just denna problematik, först som ung i avhandlingen Sanctorum Communio, senare som ledare för prästseminariet i Finkenwalde i boken Life Together och slutligen som motståndsman under krigsåren i det som var avsett att bli hans magnum opus, Ethics. Utifrån Bonhoeffers teologiska diskussion blir det viktigt att möta församlingarnas praktiska dilemma genom ansvarigt handlande i den konkreta situationen, att försöka gestalta en församlingsgemenskap som bejakar olikhet, medveten om mångfalden och om att varje handling hotar att utestänga några. / Most people strive for fellowship. However, most communities and fellowships are fairly homogenous and uniform. Many Christian parish fellowships are built in a similar fashion; they are, in other words, fellowships where pluralism has a hard time asserting itself. Could theology possibly contribute to opening up for discussions regarding community and pluralism in the Christian church and in social life? This dissertation takes its starting point in how two actual parishes in Sweden talk about identity and pluralism and how they try to come to grips with the fact that in each parish there are different mental figures as to how parish fellowship might include pluralism. The difficulties facing the parishes point to a dilemma facing all churches, and possibly all human beings: How to unite fellowship and pluralism? Dietrich Bonhoeffer is a theologian who in his writings discussed this very issue, first as a young man in his dissertation Sanctorum Communio, then later as the leader of the Seminary at Finkenwalde in his book Life Together and finally as a member of the resistance movement during WWII in what was meant to be his magnum opus, Ethics. Based on the theological discussion of Bonhoeffer, it becomes an important task to address the practical dilemma of the churches through responsible action in the practical situation; to try to model a community that includes otherness, at the same time being aware ofthe plurality and that each action may threaten to shut some people out.

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