L’investissement éthique est un investissement fondé sur des critères extra-financiers : l’investisseur cherche un enrichissement tout en poursuivant une fin non matérielle tirée du respect de certaines valeurs La coloration éthique a vocation à rejaillir sur le régime de cet investissement. Elle dicte le contenu de la politique d’investissement, oblige les intermédiaires financiers à informer les investisseurs de manière adéquate, et les contraint à veiller à la conformité éthique de l’investissement jusqu’à son dénouement.L’investissement éthique ne saurait toutefois se limiter à cela. Adoptant une démarche conséquentialiste, les investisseurs peuvent s’engager auprès des émetteurs pour y défendre leurs valeurs. D’un point de vue théorique, cet activisme actionnarial met en lumière l’échec des thèses traditionnelles à définir la finalité des sociétés. Plutôt que de raisonner en termes d’intérêt social, il conviendrait à présent de recourir à la Stakeholder Theory. / Ethical investment is based on non-financial criteria: the investor expects a return on the investment while pursuing a non-material objective, based on the respect of certain values. Ethics bring a nuance, which impacts the set of rules for this type of investment. It establishes the content of the investment policy and requires financial intermediaries to inform investors adequately. It also forces them to ensure ethical compliance of the investment to its ending. Ethical investment, however, is not limited to this. By adopting a consequentialist approach, investors can engage with issuers to defend their values. From a theoretical point of view, this shareholder activism highlights the failure of traditional theories to define the purpose of companies. Because the concept of “intérêt social”, which the French doctrine struggles to define, leads to a deadlock, a cross-disciplinary approach, the Stakeholder Theory, should be preferred.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-08-07T13:36:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Rodrigues Pereira_.pdf: 842883 bytes, checksum: 47e9e5bfe8fdf9bcfe064da54ae57db5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-07T13:36:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Rodrigues Pereira_.pdf: 842883 bytes, checksum: 47e9e5bfe8fdf9bcfe064da54ae57db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Nenhuma / Os Fundos de Pensão são importantes investidores institucionais, detentores de um grande volume de recursos, proveniente das poupanças previdenciárias de seus participantes. Com a finalidade de cumprir com seu principal objetivo (pagamento de benefícios futuros), os Fundos de Pensão precisam empregar seus recursos nas modalidades mais rentáveis de investimentos, levando em consideração o prazo e o nível de risco apresentado. Para auxiliá-los nesta questão, foram criados os Princípios para o Investimento Responsável (Principles for Responsible Investment - PRI), os quais consideram que empresas sustentáveis, do ponto de vista, ambiental, social e de governança corporativa podem gerar maior valor para o acionista no longo prazo, pois estão mais preparadas para enfrentar riscos futuros. Considerando que os Fundos de Pensão podem ocupar assento no conselho das empresas investidas, buscando auxiliá-las nas questões abordadas pelo PRI, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre o ativismo exercido por um Fundo de Pensão brasileiro, signatário do PRI, e o nível de governança corporativa e práticas sustentáveis adotados pelas empresas investidas. Para a realização desta pesquisa foram elaborados e testados três modelos estatísticos. O primeiro modelo avalia a relação entre ativismo e responsabilidade ambiental (IRA), o segundo avalia a relação entre ativismo e responsabilidade social (IRS), e o último avalia a relação entre ativismo e governança corporativa (IGOV). Os dados foram coletados através do método de pesquisa documental e foram extraídos de diversas fontes. A amostra utilizada neste estudo foi selecionada a partir da carteira de investimentos da PETROS – Fundação Petrobras de Seguridade Social, segundo maior Fundo de Pensão brasileiro. Foram consideradas 41 empresas, observadas pelo período de 10 anos (2001 à 2010). A metodologia aplicada para a regressão dos modelos estatísticos foi o método de Dados de Painel, com efeitos aleatórios. Por fim, foram apurados os resultados e analisados os índices de responsabilidade ambiental (IRA), responsabilidade social (IRS) e governança corporativa (IGOV) das empresas investidas, antes e após a presença do ativismo do Fundo de Pensão. Os resultados encontrados suportam as hipóteses de que o ativismo exercido pelos Fundos de Pensão está positivamente relacionado com o desempenho socioambiental e o nível de governança corporativa das empresas nas quais investem. / Pension Funds are important institutional investors which hold a large amount of resources from the pension savings of their participants. In order to fulfill its main purpose (future benefit payments), Pension Funds need to invest their resources in the most profitable forms of investment, taking into account the time and the level of risk presented. The Principles for Responsible Investment - PRI were created in order to help them in this issue. The PRI consider that sustainable companies, in terms of environmental, social and corporate governance can generate higher shareholder value in the long run because they are better prepared to face future risks. Whereas Pension Funds can occupy a seat on the board of investee companies, seeking help them on issues addressed by the PRI, the present study has the main objective to analyze the relationship between activism practiced by a Brazilian Pension Fund, PRI signatory, and level of corporate governance and sustainable practices adopted by investees. To conduct this research three statistical models were developed and tested. The first model assesses the relationship between activism and environmental responsibility, the second evaluates the relationship between activism and social responsibility, and the last one evaluates the relationship between activism and corporate governance. Data were collected using the method of documentary research and were obtained from various sources. The sample used in this study was selected from the investment portfolio of PETROS - Petrobras Social Security Foundation, the second largest Pension Fund in Brazil. Forty one companies were considered, observed for a 10-year period (2001 to 2010). The methodology applied to the statistical models regression was the method of Panel Data, with random effects. Finally, the results were calculated and the rates of environmental responsibility, social responsibility and corporate governance of investees were analyzed before and after the presence of the activism of the Pension Fund. The results support the hypothesis that activism practiced by the Pension Funds is positively related to the level of socio-environmental performance and the level of corporate governance of companies in which they invest.

Les consommateurs veulent, grâce à leur consommation, éliminer tout effet négatif et maximiser l'impact bénéfique à long terme sur la Société. Ce type de consommer est appelé la consommation socialement responsable. Des recherches sur ce concept ont été menées dans les pays occidentaux, mais relativement peu d'études ont porté sur les pays en Asie en général et au Vietnam en particulier. Notre volonté, dans ce travail doctoral, est de construire une échelle de mesure de la consommation socialement responsable dans le contexte du Vietnam et de modéliser la prise de décision du consommateur en matière de consommation socialement responsable dans lequel les orientations cultuelles, les valeurs personnelles, l'efficacité perçue et la valeur perçue influencent directement et indirectement sur le comportement du consommateur. Notre thèse met en évidence une structure de consommation socialement responsable en cinq facettes : orientation sociale, orientation éthique, sensibilité environnementale, consommation locale et souci d'économie avec 3 comportements vietnamiens typiques. La modélisation par les équations structurelles permet de valider partiellement le modèle proposé. En effet, le collectivisme vertical influence indirectement la consommation socialement responsable via les valeurs personnelles orientées vers les autres qui sont elles-mêmes influencent directement la consommation socialement responsable et indirectement celle-ci, via l'efficacité perçue et la valeur perçue. Cependant, le processus de décision du consommateur n'est pas identique entre les deux facettes de consommation socialement responsable étudiées / Consumer wants, through his or her consumption, to eliminate any negative effects and maximize the long-term beneficial impact on the society. This type of consume is known as socially responsible consumption. There exist a large body of literature on this concept in Western countries, but relatively few studies focused on countries in Asia in general and Vietnam in particular. This doctoral has two main aims. The first aim was to build a socially responsible consumption scale in the context of Vietnam. The second one was to propose and validate a consumer decision-making model regarding socially responsible consumption in a perspective of values in which cultural orientations, human values, perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived value directly and indirectly influence on consumer behavior. Our thesis highlights a socially responsible consumption structure in five facets: social orientation, ethical orientation, environmental awareness, local consumption and anxiety of economy with three Vietnamese typical behaviors. Modeling structural equations allows to partially validating the proposed model. Indeed, the vertical collectivism indirectly influences the socially responsible consumption via social-oriented values that are themselves directly influence the socially responsible consumption and indirectly influences the latter, via the perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived value. However, the consumer decision process is not the same between the two socially responsible consumer studied facets

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been both contentious and successful. By examining the ICTY from a Levinasian ethical standpoint, we might be able to understand how the court uses language to enforce ethical and moral standards upon post-war societies. Using linguistic methods of analysis combined with traditional data about the ICTY, I empirically examine the court using ordinary least squares (OLS) in order to show the impact that language has upon the court's decision making process. I hypothesize that the court is an ethical entity, and therefore we should not see any evidence of bias against Serbs and that language will provide a robust view of the court as an ethical mechanism.

A rise in the number of high-profile cases of management failure and leadership misconduct increased the awareness of one of the core challenges of management, namely to lead responsibly and with integrity. The environment which senior managers create and within which middle managers need to function seems to have a direct bearing on the moral behaviour and integrity of the middle manager. The aim of this research was therefore to gain a better understanding of how middle managers view the impact of senior managers on their experience of integrity. There is an increasing need in organisations for responsible leadership, leadership with integrity and leadership towards developing the integrity of the follower. This study was conducted within the interpretive research paradigm. Sampling was directed by criterion-based guidelines, focusing on current middle managers from different industries in the private sector. In-depth interviews were conducted and the data was analysed using a grounded theory method. The main findings indicated that senior managers should engage in two debates with middle managers in the organisation. Firstly, integrity is not something that is demonstrated but rather means that leaders can be differentiated from other leaders when they lead with integrity. Secondly, defining integrity and linking it to personal standards and values, as well as aligning these standards and values to the organisational strategy, vision and mission, are important. The findings of this study can assist senior managers with decreasing unethical behaviour and increasing integrity in the organisation. The research provided a basic framework that can assist in creating a positive context for the viii relationship between senior managers and middle managers within which to function, in order to decrease unethical employee activity and increase integrity. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-24T12:51:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Isis Leite Ferreira.pdf: 3031489 bytes, checksum: fecbfa5d860bdc4ec1dfbe07ecf912ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T12:51:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Isis Leite Ferreira.pdf: 3031489 bytes, checksum: fecbfa5d860bdc4ec1dfbe07ecf912ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The current debate about the food regimes seeks to reflect, in general, the transformation of the food system over time and space. This concept allows to place, historicizing and identify the main actors and stabilizing elements of each historical context, while allowing point periods of instability, which, in turn, drive changes towards overcoming a regime with another. Among the different approaches to the emergence of so-called 3? regime, one issue was highlighted in this research: the politicization of consumption and the emergence and expansion of alternative food networks. In this process, different types of organization, and food market are established at the same time that consumers is centrality. In Brazil, the process of formation of alternative food networks culminated in the construction of the National Network of Responsible Consumer Groups, that did emerge different paths, processes and dynamics of various groups. Among them, we analyze the case of the Rural-Urban Integration Movement ? MICC ? which since the 80s, has been articulating small farmers and working classes of consumers of S?o Paulo east zone around the marketing of organic food and non-organic, also called conventional food. The study examined the performance of the MICC from the concepts of governance, market and embeddedness. As a result pointed that MICC experience is specific because is related to the classic struggles of reducing inequality and social injustice because the emergence of the movement is closely related to the work of the Catholic Church in the context of political mobilization for land reform. However, on the initiative of another actor, the Kairos Institute, MICC expands agenda and form of action, adopting the narrative responsible consumption / O atual debate acerca dos regimes alimentares busca refletir, de maneira geral, as transforma??es do sistema agroalimentar ao longo do tempo e do espa?o. Este conceito permite situar, historicizar e identificar os principais atores e elementos estabilizadores de cada contexto hist?rico, ao mesmo tempo em que permite apontar os per?odos de instabilidade, que, por sua vez, impulsionam transforma??es em dire??o ? supera??o de um regime por outro. Dentre os diversos enfoques sobre a emerg?ncia do chamado 3? regime alimentar, uma quest?o mereceu destaque nesta pesquisa: a politiza??o do consumo e o surgimento e expans?o de redes alimentares alternativas. Neste processo, diferentes formas de organiza??o, rela??o e comercializa??o de alimentos s?o estabelecidas, ao mesmo tempo em que o consumidor ganha centralidade. No Brasil, o processo de forma??o de redes alimentares alternativas culminou na constru??o da Rede Nacional de Grupos de Consumo Respons?vel, que fez emergir diferentes trajet?rias, processos e din?micas de diversos grupos. Dentre eles, analisamos o caso do Movimento de Integra??o Campo-Cidade (MICC) que, desde a d?cada de 80, vem articulando pequenos produtores e consumidores de classes populares da Zona Leste de S?o Paulo em torno da comercializa??o de alimentos org?nicos e n?o org?nicos, chamados tamb?m de alimentos convencionais. O trabalho analisou a atua??o do MICC a partir dos conceitos de governan?a, mercado e enraizamento. Como resultado, apontou que a experi?ncia do MICC guarda especificidades por estar relacionada ?s lutas cl?ssicas de redu??o da desigualdade e da injusti?a social, pois seu surgimento est? fortemente relacionado ? atua??o da Igreja cat?lica em um contexto de mobiliza??o pol?tica pela reforma agr?ria. No entanto, a partir da iniciativa de outro ator, o Instituto Kair?s, o MICC amplia sua agenda e forma de a??o, passando a adotar a narrativa do consumo respons?vel

The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether the Swedish municipalities apply the UN Convention on the rights of Persons with Disabilities and article number 24 regarding right to education when purchasing Swedish education for immigrants. One aim is to identify whether legislation, policies and rights of people with disabilities occur in different procurement documents. The study furthermore investigates if the right to education connects to the concept of social sustainability and Agenda 2030 for sustainable development and if that shows in the reviewed documents. This qualitative study maps and compares contents of different documents, descriptions of legislation, policies and concepts concerning rights of persons with disabilities. General comment No. 4 regarding right to inclusive education supports the work and analysis. The result finds that some rights of persons with disabilities occur in the different documents but to a different extent between the municipalities. Human Rights are not widely described and the Convention not mentioned, which could hinder to fulfill the obligation. The concept of social sustainability exists in the documents but does not always constitute the same purpose as described by the Swedish authority for public purchasing.

Level:                           Master thesis in Business administration with concentration towards Ecological economics   Title:             Combating climate change – a case study of Statoil’s climate strategy   Problem:       The world is facing an environmental situation where we no longer can ignore problems like climate change, losses of species and an overall environmental degradation. Many actors have to take their responsibility and do as much as they can for a sustainable development. One crucial actor is the business world. Often, they both have the knowledge and financial power to make a difference. Higher environmental regulations and pressure from stakeholders, such as the Swedish government or the EU, forces companies to consider the environment while doing business. This requires a strategy.   Purpose:       The purpose with the essay is to identify and study Statoil’s climate strategy.  We also want to identify the most important internal and external factors that are affecting the strategy.   Method:       The thesis is based on a qualitative method made up by two parts, interviews and literature studies. We made one informant interview and two respondent interviews with two environmental executives from Statoil AB.   Results:        Statoil has a mainly pro-active strategy and are very ambiguous in the climate question, although their strategy is highly affected by the surrounding. Developing new technologies, cooperation and profiling are the main parts of their strategy. They are affected by the dominating discourse ecological modernization, as well as by the organizational field. They are in turn affecting the field by their offensive strategy. The customers and the legal framework are the most important external factors of impact. Whereas the corporate group StatoilHydro and financial resources are the most important internal factors.   Keywords:    Climate strategy, environmental strategy, responsible company, greening, ecological modernization

The leaders of all countries of each sector and level of society are compelled to work together to address [social and environmental] challenges by maintaining sustainable human development and ensuring that the benefits of globalization are shared more widely. It is in the interests of businesses that these benefits continue both for companies and for others in society.   The Venture Capital is a financial capital provided to the startup firms in their early stages which has a high potential for growth but also entail high risk. The Venture capital firms typically look for new and small businesses with a perceived long term growth potential that will result in a high payout for investors. Venture capital is a subset of private equity of the firms. On other hand, Private equity is an asset class consisting of equity securities, which are not quoted in the stock market. An investment in private equity most often involves either an investment of capital in a mature firms as well as buyout firms.             The purpose of this study is to explore the gap between UK and U.S venture capital and private equity firms on the base of ESG criteria into investment decision making process. To find a relationship between venture capital and private equity firms mainstream investment with ESG criteria and also highlight new trends and the issues, which are potential barrier of ESG criteria implementation in UK and US firms. The authors used different academic literature, previous studies to find a gap and a relationship of ESG criteria into mainstream investment decision making process in UK and U.S firms.   The research is based on both primary & secondary data under descriptive nature of study. A technique with the name of content analysis was used to collect the quantitative data from the U.K and U.S Venture Capital and Private Equity firms. These firms are further categorized in the sample size under the umbrella of clean tech and non-clean tech. Total sample size is 120 firms (60 VC & 60 PE), where 56 are clean tech and 64 are Non-clean tech firms. The find a relationship between variables regression analysis technique is used through SPSS for verifying the validity and variability of collected Data.   We found that, an ESG criterion is on development stage, and there is no such technique and standards that are developed by the venture capital and private equity firms. We found, that firms are mostly focusing on responsible investment strategy; it is somehow same like whole ESG for purpose of their investment screening process. We found that ESG consideration in some UK and U.S venture capital and private equity firms exist, but vary from firms to firms. Some firms are considering just one factor while some other firms consider more than one.  Large firms have more focus on ESG as compared to small firms; due to the nature of business and size, and number of employees, focus is only limited towards investment options and development of strategies for the firm. The result of this study interpret that the U.S firms are focusing more on investment returns, and pay less attention towards ESG as compared to U.K firms, Where UK Venture capital and private equity firms results shows that, they are more focused towards ESG and feel free to incorporate ESG criteria into their investment strategies without incurring any cost in terms of risk and returns.

Sedan 1700-talet har läsarnas medverkan varit en väsentlig del i tidningarnas produktion. Utan deras deltagande har det inte heller blivit någon tidning. En förändring på området skedde när professionaliseringen av publicistrollen blev ett faktum och läsarnas medverkan ifrågasattes. Samhällsförändringar och tekniska utvecklingar har sedan lett fram till det vi har idag: ett samhälle där medieorganisationerna är i allt större behov av att läsarna återigen deltar i olika former. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka hur journalister och ledning på tre olika lokaltidningar resonerar kring och förhåller sig till användargenererat material, samt vilka möjligheter användarna har att delta. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med lokaltidningarnas ansvariga utgivare och två journalister på respektive redaktion har vi fått fram att tidningarna generellt har ett positivt förhållningssätt till användargenererat material. De anser att teknikens utveckling både har hämmat och främjat relationen till läsarna i takt med att olika plattformer har utökat tidningarnas grundläggande publiceringskanal, det vill säga papperstidningen. Informanterna tror på ett ökat samarbete mellan yrkesverksamma journalister och användare i framtiden. De hävdar samtidigt att användarnas material inte får ta allt för stor plats och på så sätt konkurrera ut redaktionsmaterialet. Vidare menar de att yrkesprofessionen och de kunskaper som den omfattar är en av grundpelarna i tidningens funktion och så bör det förbli. I diskussionen använder vi oss av begrepp som offentlighet och deltagande samt resonemang kring det förändrade mediesammanhanget och den journalistiska yrkesprofessionen. / Since the eighteenth century user contribution has been a crucial part of newspaper production. Without the participation from the public there hasn’t been a newspaper at all. The professionalization of the publicist role became the starting point who changed how people valued user contribution. Societal change and the technical development has then led to the society we have today – a place where media organizations find themselves in a greater need for user participation to survive. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine how three local news papers reason about and react to user generated content and also to find out what possibilities the users have to participate. Thru semi structured interviews with the legally responsible publisher for each news paper and two journalists from each editorial staff our result shows that the news papers have a positive attitude towards user generated content in general. The informants say that the technological development have been both an improvement and inhibitory in the relationship to the readers. They believe in an increased cooperation in the future but at the same time emphasize the fact that user generated content can’t be allowed to take too much place and become a rival to the journalistic material. The informants also say that the knowledge they posses thru their journalistic education is the main core in their work as well as in the idea and function of the news paper. That is the way it should remain. We use terms and theories about the public sphere, participation, media convergence and the journalistic profession in our discussion.