With the rapid accretion of online shopping, online customer reviews have become a very essential source. An interpretation of this essential source is not fulfilled with every aspect since online customer reviews consists of unstructured information. This paper enlightens the understanding of behavioural analysis on how customers rate and review gender-based products by focusing on two brands in the fashion industry. Since gender-based products are analysed, gender as a search term is used for diversification in terms of product categories. To understand behavioural differences of customers to rate gender-based products, quantitative statistical methods were used. The two-sample t-test investigates if the means of two samples have statistically significant differences. Additionally, the word frequencies are analysed with the quantitative content analysis methodology to procure an answer for how customers review gender-based products for different product categories. The results show that the product categories which consist of the keyword “Men” in their product description have earned a higher average of total number or reviews and star rating. However, the words that customers type have similarities among different product categories and there are not any consistencies in their frequencies. Therefore, our results show that the customer comments are not significantly dependent for the determined gender-based product categories. / Med den snabba ökningen av online-shopping har kundrecensioner på nätet blivit en viktig källa. Kundrecensioner består av information som är ostrukturerad, vilket betyder att tolkningsprocessen av kundrecensionerna försvåras. I denna uppsats är en beteendeanalys genomförd för att belysa förståelsen av hur kunder betygsätter och recenserar könsinriktade produkter. Fokus har lagts på två varumärken inom modebranschen. Eftersom produkterna är könsinriktade används kön som en sökterm för att differentiera produktkategorierna. För att förstå skillnaden i kundernas beteende vid betygsättning av könsinriktade produkter användes kvantitativa statistiska metoder. Ett ”two-sample” t-test användes för att undersöka om det fanns statistiskt signifikanta skillnader i stickprovernas medelvärden. Med en kvantitativ innehållsanalys undersöktes ordfrekvensen för att få en förståelse av hur kunder granskar könsinriktade produkter, inom olika produktkategorier. Resultatet visar att de produktkategorier vars produktbeskrivning består av nyckelordet ”män”, har fått ett högre genomsnitt av antal recensioner samt fått högre betyg. Orden som kunder använder är lika inom de olika produktkategorierna och ordfrekvensen har ingen fast struktur. Resultatet visar därmed att kundrecensionerna inte är signifikant beroende av de fastställda könsinriktade produktkategorierna.

This study takes a closer look at the screenplay of the 2019 coming-of-age film, Booksmart. Using critical discourse analysis, and Fairclough’s three-dimensional method, it examines the way girls are portrayed based on the screenplay and its audience reviews. The main theories used in order to find the right perspective for this analysis, are Steiner’s (2014) feminist media theory. Gendered Language theories are also taken into account in order to find the right components in the text, such as word choices in the dialogue. Previous studies used to guide this study include Henesy (2020), Yue (2019), Shapiro (2017), Edwards (2016) and Nairn et. al. (2014). Using gendered language, performed gender and feminist values to decode the screenplay, the findings of this study show that the choices made in the screenplay of Booksmart (2019) are to distinguish the difference between the two female protagonists. The main component being how they deliver their dialogue and how certain characteristics in both conversation and personality can change the power dynamic between the two protagonists. The film also manages to split its audience into two groups: the ones who hate it, and the ones who love it.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is not only considered a serious public health issue and a cause of human suffering (National Center for Injury Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015), IPV can be a barrier to utilization of care in vital life phases (Bonomi et al, 2009; Snow Jones, Dienemann, & Schollenberger, 2006), and a determinant of many serious negative health outcomes for affected individuals and their families (Silverman et al, 2020). As a significant contributor to health, social, and economic disparities, violence jeopardizes the fabric of families and transcends all levels of socioeconomic status (Rhodes, 2012). Among those who suffer serious to fatal consequences as a direct result of IPV, the perinatal period has only recently received special attention in research and is extremely scarce (WHO, 2011). This is particularly the case as the exposure/context of IPV may be further complicated by societal crises such as natural disasters and pandemics, where the threat of violence and its health consequences may be heightened (Yehuda et al, 2008). Objectives: The objectives of this dissertation were to address the knowledge gaps pertaining to perinatal IPV and violence experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. It had three specialist articles, two of which were reviews of the literature, and one was a population-based empirical study. The objectives of the dissertation were as follows: 1) To explore uni- and bi-directional IPV prevalence estimates and associated factors during the perinatal period (Paper I) (Mojahed et al, 2021a); 2) To investigate a broader range of pre- pandemic contexts of social and geographical isolation and their associations with IPV, as well as to provide reliable, preliminary knowledge of their potential impact during the COVID- 19 pandemic (Paper II) (Mojahed et al, 2021b; 3) To explore the 12-month prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV within an existing cohort, which consists of women and men, as well as to detect any possible changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the experienced IPV behaviors as opposed to pre-pandemic times (Paper III) (Mojahed et al, 2023); 4) To explore factors that could prospectively predict IPV victimization (Paper III). Materials and Methods: Paper I involved a qualitative synthesis of the literature. Due to the heterogeneity of prevalence studies and varying violence definitions, quantitative analyses were not feasible for this review. The paper investigated prevalence estimates of perinatal IPV among intimate partners and explored associated factors. Information such as author, year of publication, recruitment setting, study design, sample size, directionality of IPV, prevalence estimates, and types of violence were extracted and tabulated. The integrative ecological model was used to consider population characteristics and (gender-based) associated factors relevant to IPV prevalence. Paper II was a rapid review conducted following Cochrane guidelines to address the urgency of studying IPV in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review focused on the correlation between social and geographical isolation and IPV. Paper III utilized data from the population-based longitudinal study DREAMCORONA. Descriptive analyses were performed to determine the prevalence of IPV victimization among women and men, examining changes during the pandemic. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify associations and potential predictors of IPV. The results were presented as odds ratios with confidence intervals. Results: In Paper I, several key findings were reported. Psychological uni-directional IPV against female partners was most prevalent during pregnancy. Studies comparing IPV prevalence before and after childbirth showed mixed results, with some reporting a decrease and others reporting an increase in IPV after birth. Risk factors at the individual, family, community, and societal levels were identified, including socioeconomic status, substance use, insufficient prenatal care utilization, low self-esteem, unplanned pregnancy, lack of support, and certain social and ethnic identities. Paper II found that lack of social support increased the risk of IPV victimization, and the compounding effect of social and geographical isolation heightened this risk. It also revealed that social isolation correlated with physical and sexual IPV among female drug users and predicted various forms of IPV among immigrant women. In Paper III, it was found that around 50% of women and 40% of men experienced some form of IPV in the last 12 months. Psychological aggression was the most prevalent form of violence reported. The majority of women and men reported no change in victimization by psychological and physical violence during the pandemic. On the other hand, about a quarter of (expectant) mothers (27%) and fathers (22-24%) reported an increase in psychological and physical IPV. With regard to sexual violence, neither mothers nor fathers reported any changes during the pandemic. Higher partnership satisfaction reduced the likelihood of IPV victimization, while symptoms of anger-hostility increased this probability. Conclusions: Considering the burden of perinatal IPV and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IPV, this dissertation highlights the urgent need for effective preventive interventions. The findings suggest the importance of initiating antenatal care and delivering in clinical settings, as these factors were associated with a lower risk of perinatal IPV. Routine screening for IPV in obstetric care is crucial, and healthcare providers should be aware of the elevated risk for mental health distress among perinatal partners exposed to IPV. As experiences of IPV remained largely unchanged during the pandemic, there is a strong recommendation to strengthen and improve access to support services. Alternative support measures such as messenger services and telemedicine should be accessible and reliable for victims of severe IPV who may face increased isolation. Raising awareness about IPV is essential for individuals in informal and formal sectors, as well as family and friends within the immediate social network of those at risk. The findings also support the use of programs targeting adverse interaction patterns, particularly psychological aggression. Future research should focus on associated factors of IPV during the peripartum period and other critical life phases or societal events. It is crucial to adopt ecological and intersectional perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of IPV. Furthermore, including the perspective of the other partner in IPV research can provide valuable context for better prevention and intervention strategies.

Background: Service recovery is a process that companies meticulously work on to effectively address issues encountered by their consumers. The advancement of technology has led to an increase in consumers expressing their opinions online, making it easier for them to voice their dissatisfaction with a company. As consumers place significant importance on the experiences of previous customers with a product they are considering purchasing, it has become even more crucial for companies to manage negative online reviews in a smart and efficient manner. This study examines how companies can best utilize service recovery to manage negative online reviews. For the first time, this study focuses on the four elements: empathy and satisfaction, response, design and emojis, and communication, within the framework of service recovery.  Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe how consumers perceive that companies use service recovery to manage negative customer online reviews.  Methodology: This bachelor thesis aims to fill the gap in the existing literature by describing how consumers perceive companies to use service recovery to deal with negative online customer reviews. To reach this goal, a qualitative research approach has been used, where, among other things, six different semi-structured interviews have been conducted. To conduct the interviews, an interview guide has been developed and used. Purposive sampling was also used to select those participants who have some kind of experience with the subject and who can contribute relevant information to this study.  Findings: There were three different main findings in the bachelor thesis according to how to manage negative customer online reviews; operational actions, emotional responses and communication dynamics.  Conclusion: Participants in the study were positively affected by personal communication and genuine apologies from the companies, while automated and generic responses were perceived negatively. Prompt responses to criticism were important to maintaining customer satisfaction, while delays increased dissatisfaction. Emotional aspects, such as feeling understood and that the company took responsibility, contributed to a positive experience. Using emojis could create a relaxed and positive tone, but excessive use risked being perceived as dishonest. Finally, personal and engaged responses were appreciated, demonstrating corporate responsibility and helping to restore customer confidence.

[ES] Los usuarios de internet han pasado a ser contribuidores activos en la Web 2.0. Estudios recientes revelan que siete de cada 10 usuarios de internet en todo el mundo confían en la opinión y las reseñas publicadas en línea por otros usuarios. De la misma forma, según estadísticas recientes de las agencias españolas de turismo, el uso de internet ha crecido más de un 29 %: casi todos los usuarios (99,2 %) lo usan para buscar información, un 76,5 % lo usa para hacer reservas y el 52,4 % para el pago de servicios. A pesar del gran potencial y el volumen de negocio de este sector, las plataformas de reseñas (tanto de viajes como de reservas de restaurantes) solo utilizan la traducción automática (TA) de las opiniones que los consumidores dejan en dichas páginas sin procesamiento ni revisión. En paralelo, los estudios de traducción han concedido un papel clave durante los últimos 30 años a la subdisciplina de la localización, consistente en adaptar el mensaje a las preferencias lingüísticas y culturales específicas del usuario. Por este motivo, esta investigación se centra en el análisis de un corpus de reseñas traducidas automáticamente para identificar patrones de error y sus efectos en la calidad del texto según parámetros estudiados en la localización. Áreas como el turismo, las finanzas y el marketing podrían verse beneficiadas si mejoran sus procesos de traducción, puesto que un mejor entendimiento de los servicios anunciados facilita la interacción del consumidor con dichos productos y servicios. / [CA] Els usuaris d'internet han passat a ser contribuïdors actius en la Web 2.0. Estudis recents revelen que set de cada 10 usuaris d'internet a tot el món confien en l'opinió i les ressenyes publicades en línia per altres usuaris. De la mateixa forma, segons estadístiques recents de les agències espanyoles de turisme, l'ús d'internet ha crescut més d'un 29%: quasi tots els usuaris (99,2%) l'utilitzen per a buscar informació, un 76,5% l'usa per a fer reserves i el 52,4% per al pagament de servicis. Malgrat el gran potencial i el volum de negoci d'este sector, les plataformes de ressenyes (tant de viatges com de reserves de restaurants) només utilitzen la traducció automàtica (TA) de les opinions que els consumidors deixen en estes pàgines sense processament ni revisió. En paral·lel, els estudis de traducció han concedit un paper clau durant els últims 30 anys a la subdisciplina de la localització, consistent a adaptar el missatge a les preferències lingüístiques i culturals específiques de l'usuari. Per aquest motiu, esta investigació se centra en l'anàlisi d'un corpus de ressenyes traduïdes automàticament per a identificar patrons d'error i els seus efectes en la qualitat del text segons paràmetres estudiats en la localització. Àrees com el turisme, les finances i el màrqueting podrien veure's beneficiades si milloren els seus processos de traducció, ja que un millor enteniment dels servicis anunciats facilita la interacció del consumidor amb aquests productes i servicis. / [EN] Internet users have become active contributors to the Web 2.0. Recent studies reveal that seven out of 10 internet users worldwide rely on the opinions and reviews posted online by other users. Similarly, according to recent statistics from the main Spanish tourism agencies, Internet usage has grown by more than 29%: almost all users (99.2%) use it to search for information, 76.5% use it to make reservations and 52.4% use it to pay for services. Despite the great potential and turnover of this sector, review platforms (both for travel and restaurant reservations) only use machine translation (MT) of the reviews that consumers leave on these pages without processing or review. In parallel, translation studies have attributed a major role over the last 30 years to the sub-discipline of localization, which consists of adapting the message to the user's specific linguistic and cultural preferences. For this reason, this research focuses on the analysis of a corpus of machine-translated reviews to identify error patterns and their effects on text quality according to parameters studied in localization. Areas such as tourism, finance and marketing could benefit from improving their translation processes, since a better understanding of the advertised services facilitates consumer interaction with those services. / Rosa Sorlozano, MC. (2024). Evaluación de la calidad de la traducción automática de reseñas turísticas en línea desde la perspectiva de la localización [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/205487

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

In recent years knowledge has become an important resource to enhance the business and many activities are required to manage these knowledge resources well and help companies to remain competitive within industrial environments. The data available in most industrial setups is complex in nature and multiple different data formats may be generated to track the progress of different projects either related to developing new products or providing better services to the customers. Knowledge Discovery from different databases requires considerable efforts and energies and data mining techniques serve the purpose through handling structured data formats. If however the data is semi-structured or unstructured the combined efforts of data and text mining technologies may be needed to bring fruitful results. This thesis focuses on issues related to discovery of knowledge from semi-structured or unstructured data formats through the applications of textual data mining techniques to automate the classification of textual information into two different categories or classes which can then be used to help manage the knowledge available in multiple data formats. Applications of different data mining techniques to discover valuable information and knowledge from manufacturing or construction industries have been explored as part of a literature review. The application of text mining techniques to handle semi-structured or unstructured data has been discussed in detail. A novel integration of different data and text mining tools has been proposed in the form of a framework in which knowledge discovery and its refinement processes are performed through the application of Clustering and Apriori Association Rule of Mining algorithms. Finally the hypothesis of acquiring better classification accuracies has been detailed through the application of the methodology on case study data available in the form of Post Project Reviews (PPRs) reports. The process of discovering useful knowledge, its interpretation and utilisation has been automated to classify the textual data into two classes.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

Given the importance of the ability to read, learners must have access to books in schools. The lack of functional school libraries in South Africa, especially in primary schools, is to the detriment of learners’ reading achievement. In the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) study, Grades 4 and 5 children achieved the lowest scores in the reading comprehension tests of the 40 participating countries. The researcher proposes that one intervention that would help solve the low levels of reading literacy among learners would be for schools to have an official school library policy, and to have functional well-stocked school libraries. This study seeks to identify the self-reported reading attitudes of learners who took part in the PIRLS 2011 study using a secondary data analysis, and to investigate by means of a systematic literature review, materials published between 1994 and 2017 on the non-implementation of school library policies. This study recommends speeding up progress in meeting minimum norms for school infrastructure in order to create a space for functional school libraries in all schools. Secondly, it suggests that access to books for primary school learners should be improved, and lastly, that the national guidelines for school libraries on planning and reforming school libraries should be finalised and implemented. Key / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)

Mit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges und mit der Proklamierung der DDR im Jahre 1949 wurde ein neues Kapitel in der Geschichte der deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen eröffnet. Die DDR und die Volksrepublik Polen wurden der Regierung der Sowjetunion unterstellt und als „Brüderländer“ aufgefordert, gegenseitige Kontakte in verschiedenen Bereichen zu pflegen. Eines von diesen Gebieten war auch das kulturelle Leben, von dem ein bedeutender Teil der Filmaustausch war. In den Jahren 1949-1990 wurden im Lichtspielwesen der DDR über 300 Spielfilme aus der Volksrepublik Polen verliehen, was zweifelsohne eine imposante Anzahl war. Die große Mehrheit dieser Filme wurde in der DDR-Presse rezensiert. 40 Jahre lang waren die Kritiken in Bezug auf das Filmangebot aus der Volksrepublik Polen im Lichtspielwesen der DDR ein fester Bestandteil der DDR-Alltags- und Kinopresse. Es sind innerhalb von dieser Zeit tausende von Rezensionen zu polnischen Filmen geschrieben worden, von deren ein großer Teil in dieser Arbeit analysiert wurde. Die Analyse der Pressebeiträge stellt ein Bild der Beurteilungen der polnischen Produktionen durch die DDR-Journalisten dar, lässt aber auch ganz genau Änderungen in den Beziehungen zwischen der Volksrepublik Polen und der DDR in den Jahren 1949-1989 erkennen. Dadurch bildet die politische Situation in den beiden Nachbarländern den Hintergrund dieser Arbeit, wobei fünf wichtige geschichtliche Phasen ausgewählt werden, die die Kapitel der Arbeit bilden. Zwei Unterkapitel dieser Arbeit werden der Rezeption der Filme von zwei bedeutendsten polnischen Regisseuren der Nachkriegszeit gewidmet: Andrzej Wajda und Krzysztof Zanussi. / With the end of the Second World War, and the formation of the DDR in 1949, a new chapter in the history of German-Polish relations began. The DDR and the People''s Republic of Poland were placed under the control of the Soviet Union, and as “brother lands” were encouraged to foster a mutual contact and exchange in various areas. One such area of exchange was in cultural life, of which a significant part was the sharing of films from both countries. In the years 1949-1990 over 300 Polish films were distributed in East German cinemas, an indisputably significant figure. The great majority of these films were reviewed in the DDR press, and in fact reviews of the cinematic offerings from the People''s Republic of Poland formed a regular component of East German newspapers during this period of 40 years. Over this time, thousands of reviews of Polish films were written, a large number of which are analysed in this dissertation. The analysis of press articles forms a picture of how Polish film productions were regarded by DDR journalists, but also reveals the changing relationship between the two countries in the period from 1949 to 1989. Thus the political situation in these neighbouring countries forms the background of this dissertation, with each chapter discussing one of five important historical phases. Two sub-chapters of this dissertation are devoted to a discussion of the East German reception of the films of Andrzej Wajda and Krzysztof Zanussi – two of Poland''s most important post-war directors.