Biomechanical behavior comprehension of teeth-periodontium system in different periodontal attachment levels is essential in the understand of periodontal occlusal load bearing capability. The finite element method has been used simulating different periodontal attachment situations and could analyze periodontal alveolar bone stress modulation by morphological changes. The aim of this study was to assess qualitative and quantitatively the stress concentration in periodontal alveolar bone in computational models simulating healthy teeth with and without attachment loss. Six 3-D models of a lower central incisor were created simulating the teeth structure, cancellous bone, cortical bone and periodontal ligament space. Each model presented a 1mm increasing distance between cement-enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (ABC) (1 to 6 mm) as only modification. A 100N load with 45o angle to the axial plane with bucco-lingual direction on tooth incisal edge were simulated. Each structure was considered elastic, isotropic, homogeneous, continuous and linear. Lamina Dura and alveolar bone crest findings of Minimum Principal Stress (MPS) were analyzed. Results showed an increase of MPS in surrounding bone (alveolar bone crest and lamina dura) due to periodontal attachment loss. Maximum and minimum values of MPS were concentrated on certain areas in both analyzed regions. Statistically significant differences in magnitude, distribution and variance of MPS were found between groups. Each increased millimeter in CEJ-ABC distance generated a pattern insertion area reduction of about 12%. The considered significance level was 5%. According to results obtained, attachment loss increases stress concentration in surrounding bone. Despite eventual limitations of the model, the results suggest a biomechanical changing in stress pattern, which partly explain an increasing bone resorption risk for teeth with periodontal attachment loss. / A compreensão do comportamento biomecânico das tensões no tecido ósseo do periodonto, em dentes com suporte periodontal íntegro e reduzido, é importante para o entendimento da capacidade periodontal em suportar cargas oclusais. O método de elementos finitos é uma ferramenta capaz de simular situações de inserção periodontal reduzida e analisar as tensões geradas no osso periodontal frente às alterações morfológicas sofridas, inclusive mapeando a distribuição destas forças. Esse estudo se propôs a analisar quali-quantitativamente as tensões e a sua distribuição em modelo de dente com suporte periodontal íntegro e reduzido. Foram criados seis modelos computacionais tridimensionais de um incisivo central inferior,osso medular, osso cortical e espaço do ligamento periodontal. Cada modelo apresentou como única variação a distância entre junção amelocementária (JAC) e a crista óssea alveolar (COA), que variou de 1 à 6 mm. Foi simulada a aplicação de uma carga de 100N com 45o de inclinação em relação ao plano axial e com direção vestíbulo/lingual sobre a borda incisal do dente. Todas as estruturas foram consideradas elásticas, isotrópicas, homogêneas, contínuas e lineares. A tensão mínima principal (TMP) em tecido ósseo foi mensurada qualitativa e quantitativamente na COA e na lâmina dura. Os resultados demonstraram aumento das TMP, em regiões do osso adjacente ao dente (COA e lâmina dura), com a redução de suporte periodontal. Valores máximos e mínimos de TMP se concentraram em áreas específicas de ambas as regiões analisadas. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes de magnitude, distribuição e variância das TMPs foram verificadas entre os grupos, sendo as maiores no grupo de menor suporte periodontal. Cada milímetro aumentado da distância JAC-COA gerou redução de área de inserção de aproximadamente 12%. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a redução de suporte periodontal gerou um aumento de concentração de tensões nas regiões da crista óssea alveolar e da lâmina dura. Apesar das limitações do modelo, um padrão de mudança de tensões biomecânicas observado no estudo explicaria o aumento do risco de perda óssea em dentes com suporte periodontal reduzido. / Lagarto, SE

Introdução: A obesidade é um importante problema de Saúde Pública e, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, representa uma epidemia global. É considerada uma doença crônica, multifatorial, que depende não só de fatores genéticos e fisiopatológicos, mas também de variáveis culturais, sociais e psicológicas associadas à quantidade e a qualidade da alimentação. Nesse contexto, os adolescentes como foco de mudanças fisiológicas, anatômicas e sociais se tornam um grupo com elevada frequência de fatores de risco associados à obesidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel da lipoproteína de baixa densidade eletronegativa [LDL(-)], da proteína transportadora de éster de colesterol (CETP) e da resistência à insulina (RI) no risco cardiometabólico de adolescentes. Métodos: Foram recrutados adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos e, regularmente matriculados em escolas da cidade de São Paulo. Medidas antropométricas, tais como, peso, altura, circunferência da cintura (CC) e composição corporal foram avaliadas, e classificadas considerando sexo e idade. Após jejum (12-15h), foi coletada uma amostra de sangue e a partir do plasma foram realizadas as seguintes análises: glicose, insulina e cálculo do HOMA, perfil lipídico, apolipoproteína A-I e B, atividade da paraoxonase 1 (PON1), ácidos graxos livres (AGL), atividade da CETP e LDL(-). Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio dos testes qui-quadrado, Kappa, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-student, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni e de tendência linear, com valor de significância de p< 0,05. Resultados: Os adolescentes eutróficos apresentaram menor atividade de CETP e conteúdo de LDL(-) em relação àqueles com excesso de peso. O IMC apresentou associação positiva e linear com o CT/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, LDL(-) e LDL(-)/CT. Perfil inverso foi observado para HDL-C e ApoA-I. A CC mostrou associação positiva com TG, CT/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, LDL(-), LDL(-)/CT e CETP. Associação negativa foi observada entre CC e HDL-C e ApoA-I. Após o ajuste pela atividade da CETP, associações entre o HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, CT/HDLC e LDL(-)/LDL-C com o IMC ou CC foram modificadas. Ao ajustarmos pela concentração de LDL(-), nenhuma associação sofreu alteração, o que sugere um mecanismo independente para a regulação dessa partícula durante a obesidade.Ao analisarmos os adolescentes segundo CC, verificamos que os adolescentes com CCALTA apresentaram elevado IMC, por cento de gordura corporal, pressão arterial sistólica, conteúdo de insulina, HOMA, TG, TG/HDL-C, CT/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, AGL, LDL(-), LDL(-)/CT e atividade da CETP, quando comparados aqueles com CCBAIXA. Perfil inverso foi observado para por cento de massa magra, HDL-C, ApoA-I, HDL/ApoA-I e PON-1. Quando classificados segundo HOMA (resistente à insulina - RI e sensível à insulina - SI), os adolescentes RI mostraram um impacto negativo sobre o IMC, CC, por cento de gordura corporal, pressão arterial, TG e TG/HDL-C, e resultado inverso para por cento de massa magra e PON1. O índice de risco cardiovascular proposto mostrou que o grupo CCALTA-RI = CCALTA-SI > CCBAIXA-RI = CCBAIXASI. Conclusões: Portanto, a concentração de LDL(-) e a atividade da CETP associada à obesidade, principalmente abdominal, alteram o risco cardiometabólico de adolescentes / Introduction: Obesity is a major public health problem and, according to World Health Organization, represents a global epidemic. It is considered a chronic, multifactorial disease, which depends not only of genetic and pathophysiology factors, but also of cultural, social and psychological associated with diet profile variables. In this context, adolescents as the focus of physiological, anatomical and social changes become a group with high frequency of risk factor for obesity. Objective: To evaluate the role of the electronegative low-density lipoprotein [LDL(-)] concentration, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and insulin resistance on cardiometabolic risk of adolescents. Methods: We recruited adolescents of both sexes, aged 10 to 19 years and enrolled in schools in the city of São Paulo. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and body composition were evaluated and classified according to sex and age. After fasting (12-15h) was analyzed from plasma: glucose, insulin and HOMA, lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-I and B, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), CETP activity and LDL(-). The results were analyzed by chi-square, Kappa, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-student, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni and linear tendency test, with p< 0.05. Results: The subjects with normal weight had lower CETP activity and content of LDL(-) than excess weight adolescents. BMI showed positive and linear association with TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, LDL(-) and LDL(-)/TC. Profile opposite was observed for HDL-C and ApoA-I. The WC was positively associated with TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, LDL(-), LDL(-)/CT and CETP. Negative association was observed between WC and HDL-C and ApoA-I. After adjustment for CETP, associations between HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL(-)/LDL-C with BMI or WC were modified. Adjustment for LDL(-) content was not able to change these associations, suggesting an independent mechanism for regulation of the levels of this particle during obesity. Analysis second WC, it was found that adolescents 10 with WCHIGH showed higher BMI, per cent body fat, systolic blood pressure, insulin, HOMA, TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, NEFA, LDL(-), LDL(-)/TC and CETP activity than WCLOW group. Profile opposite was observed for per cent lean body mass, HDL-C, ApoA-I, HDL/ApoA-I and PON-1. When it classified according to HOMA (insulin resistant IR and insulin sensitive IS), IR group showed a negative impact on BMI, WC, per cent body fat, blood pressure, TG and TG/HDL-C, and contrary result for per cent mass lean and PON1. The cardiovascular risk index propose showed that WCHIGH IR = WCHIGH IS > WCLOW IR = WCLOW IS group. Conclusions: Therefore, LDL(-) content and CETP activity associated with obesity, mainly abdominal, alter the cardiometabolic risk of adolescents

La santé est une construction dynamique et multifactorielle qui a une dimension individuelle et une dimension sociale. Cette dernière peut avoir un effet direct ou indirect sur les comportements des individus et sur leurs choix de vie. L’étude de Framingham a révélé que le risque cardiovasculaire était multifactoriel et donc son estimation devait être globale. Mais les méthodes d’estimation du risque cardiovasculaire ne prennent pas en compte l’environnement de vie des individus qui favoriserait le développement des facteurs de risque modifiables. A travers ce travail, nous mettons en lumière les caractéristiques de l'environnement de diffusion des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires modifiables : métaboliques et comportementales. Depuis des décennies, la région Nord enregistre pour les maladies cardiovasculaires des taux élevés de mortalité globale et prématurée. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur les déterminants de cette situation de la région Nord, en la comparant aux autres régions françaises, et en explorant le lien entre un risque cardiovasculaire élevé et une situation économique défavorable. Dans ce but, nous avons étudié le lien entre la distribution du risque cardiovasculaire et la distribution du revenu, en employant des critères normatifs basés sur la notion de dominance sociale en termes de pauvreté.Ce travail permet d’analyser les connaissances en rapport avec l’environnement de vie des individus et ainsi une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de diffusion des facteurs de risque modifiables, ce qui s’inscrit dans une double perspective, réduire l’incidence et la prévalence des maladies cardiovasculaires et diminuer les inégalités sociales de santé. / Health is a dynamic and multifactor construction which has both an individual and a social dimension. The latter may have a direct or indirect effect on the behaviour of individuals and their life choices. The Framingham study has revealed that cardiovascular risk is multifactorial and, as such, its estimate should be global. However, the assessment of global cardiovascular risk methods do not take into account the living environment of individuals, which would factor the development of modifiable risk factors. Through this work, we highlight the characteristics of the environment of dissemination of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: metabolic and behavioural. Since decades, the North region of France has, for cardiovascular diseases, a high level of global and premature mortality. We are asked about the determinants of the situation of this region, by comparing it to other French regions and by exploring the link between a high cardiovascular risk and an unfavourable economic situation. Thus, we are interested in the link between the distribution of cardiovascular risk and the distribution of income, using normative criteria based on the concept of expected social dominance in terms of poverty. Shedding a light on factors favouring the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and analyzing the knowledge about the individual’s life environment allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of diffusion of the modifiable risk factors, with a double objective to lower the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and to reduce the social inequalities in health.

The aim of the thesis "Role of preparatory classes in prevention of specific learning disabilities" is to compare intervention of kindergarten and elementary school preparratory classes during suspension of school attendance. It describes all the kinds of specific learning disabilities. It works out in detail diagnostics of specific learning disabilities risk factors from the special education perspective. It offers integral methodology for time undemanding orientational testing of specific learning disabilities risk factors for preschool children. This methodology was used for testing children with suspended school attendance at the start of a school year and in A March of the same school year. Evaluation of test results for each participant is presented in graphs, case study and documentation of the drawing and graphomotoric creations are also incuded. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Alcohol remains the most commonly abused substance in South Africa and several studies have shown associations between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviours, which pose a risk of HIV infection. Research indicates that the age group of 15-24 years is a high risk group for HIV infection. This study aimed at examining the perceptions of alcohol as a risk factor to HIV infection amoungst a sample of university students.Specifically, this study tested the hypotheses that most students perceive that those who consume alcohol were more likely to engage in unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, casual sex and transactional sex. The Information Motivation Behavioural(IMB) skills model provided the theoretical framework for the study. Using a quantitative research design, a survey questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 240 first year psychology students (192 females, 48 males). Data analyses indicated support for the hypotheses that alcohol consumption was perceived as high risk for unprotected sex, casual sex and sex with multiple partners. However, the data showed no support for the hypothesis of alcohol increasing the risk of transactional sex. The data also indicated that non-drinkers were more likely to perceive alcohol as a risk factor than drinkers. The recognition by students of alcohol as a risk factor for HIV infection provides an opportunity for raising awareness about safer sex practices at institutions of higher learning in South Africa.

To identify the risk factors being associated with aetiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a series of systematic reviews based on existing observational epidemiological studies identified through searching of bibliographic databases were conducted. Associations between ALS and a number of genetic and environmental risk factors were examined using meta-analysis. Specifically we found that previous exposure to lead, pesticides, solvents, experience of trauma and electric shock were associated with relative increased risks of developing ALS of 86% [odds ratio (OR) =1.86, 95% CI: 1.39-2.48], 57% (OR=1.57,95% CI: 1.19-2.08), 47% (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.13-1.80), 64% (OR=1.64; 95%CI: 1.36-1.98), and 2.27% (OR=3.27, 95%CI:1.87-5.73) respectively, compared to their corresponding controls. The presence of intermediate CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene was associated with a 4.4 -fold increase in the risk of ALS (OR=4.44, 95%CI: 2.91-6.76). However, the attributable risk associated with each identified risk factor was estimated to be less than 5% of all ALS cases. These results confirm that ALS is a rare multifactorial degenerative condition of motor-neurons.

The aim of this Master's thesis was to find out enterprise value dated 1.1. 2011, characterise risk connected with this value, for example as a variability of possible results and to judge how the enterprise was affected by the economic crises. I used method discounted cash flow in variant FCFF to calculate enterprise value. I used regression analysis as the basic method to predict the most significant value generator, sales, then I adjusted the results according to the predictions published in qualitative studies of the Czech building industry. The demand for enterprise production was reduced as a result of the economic crises; it enforced production reduction and led to decline in sales and profit in years 2009 and 2010, deteriorating of rentability indicators and long-term assets turnover. I found out the enterprise value with the help of software Crystal Ball also by the stochastic model. In this case I regarded the factors influencing the enterprise value as random quantities. Variability of the possible results ranges between upper and lower limit, i.e. between 1,8 and 3,2 billion crowns.

Inledning: I dagens moderna, välutvecklade och allt mer digitaliserade samhälle ges människor en ökad möjlighet till att leva sina liv betydligt mer stillasittande än tidigare. Allt mer forskning pekar idag på att långvarigt stillasittande som enskild riskfaktor är en bidragande orsak till utvecklingen av ohälsa samt vällevnadssjukdomar såsom diabetes, hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar samt fetma. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att undersöka hur ett stillasittande beteende som enskild riskfaktor påverkar vuxna människors hälsa samt belysa vilka faktorer som bidrar till ett stillasittande beteende. Metod: För att besvara syftet har en litteraturöversikt gjorts utifrån tio vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Sökningarna har gjorts via databaserna Pubmed, Cinahl och PsycARTICLES. Artiklarna granskades och analyserades sedan med hjälp av Whittemore och Knafl (2005) analysmetod. Resultat: Längre stunder av stillasittande hade en tydlig koppling mellan flera fysiologiska effekter i kroppen. När pauser togs genererade det i flera hälsofrämjande effekter så som ett ökat upptag av glukos i blodet, ökad kaloriförbrukning samt minskat BMI. Hos de personer som var mindre stillasittande sågs även en minskad risk av att dö i t.ex. hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Riskfaktorer så som en dålig arbetsmiljö, vart en bor samt ett förhöjt BMI sågs ha negativa effekter som ledde till ett ökat stillasittande. Slutsats: Att så mycket som 60 % av den vakna tiden spenderas stillasittande kan ses som en riskfaktor för att i förlängningen kunna utveckla vällevnadssjukdomar. Viktiga aspekter som sågs för att motverka detta var att regelbundet ta kortare pauser för att avbryta längre stunder av stillasittande.Trots att en hälsosam nivå av fysisk aktivitet uppnås är det inte tillräckligt om resten av dagen spenderas stillasittande. Detta utgör ett behov av nya tydligare och uppnåeliga riktlinjer för hur personer bör begränsa sitt stillasittande. / Introduction: In today's modern, well-developed and increasingly digitized society, people are given the opportunity to live much more sedentary lives than before. More research today indicates that long-term sedentary as a single risk factor is a contributing factor in developing illness and public health diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Aim: The aim of the literature review is to investigate how sedentary behavior as an individual risk factor affects adult human health as well as highlight the factors that contributes to sedentary behavior. Method: In order to respond to the aim, an integrated literature survey has been conducted based on ten scientific original articles. The searches have been made through the databases Pubmed, Cinahl and PsycARTICLES. The articles were then examined and analyzed using the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) analytical method. Results: Longer moments of sedentary had a clear connection between several physiological effects in the body. When breaks were taken, it generated several health-promoting effects such as increased blood glucose absorption, increased calorie consumption, and reduced BMI. In those who were less seated, there was also a reduced risk of dying in e.g. Heart disease. Risk factors such as a poor work environment, where one lives, and an elevated BMI, were found to have adverse effects that led to increased sedentary behaviors. Conclusion: As much as 60% of the waking time is spent sedentary this is considered a risk factor in order to develop public health diseases in the long run. Important aspects that were seen to counteract this were to regularly take shorter breaks to interrupt longer moments of sedentary. Although a healthy level of physical activity is achieved, it is not enough if the rest of the day is spend sedentary. This constitutes a need for new, clearer and achievable guidelines for how people should limit their sedentary behavior.

Os pacientes acometidos pela insuficiência renal crônica apresentam diminuição progressiva da função renal associada à redução da taxa de filtração glomerular. Possuem a resposta imune celular e humoral suprimidas e a existência de quaisquer alterações de saúde bucal pode representar focos de infecção a esses pacientes, os quais são extremamente susceptíveis a estas. A doença periodontal é uma doença inflamatória destrutiva que afeta os tecidos periodontais, e estudos têm mostrado que a prevalência desta é maior em pacientes com IRC quando comparados com a população em geral. Objetivo: Avaliar os parâmetros clínicos da doença periodontal em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Métodos: Foi realizado exame clínico periodontal de 125 indivíduos com alteração renal crônica que foram divididos em grupo controle (GC), grupo pré-diálise (GPD) e grupo hemodiálise (GHD), e os grupos foram subdivididos de acordo com a doença periodontal. Resultados: A perda de inserção clínica foi maior nos grupos GPD e GHD quando comparados ao controle (p=0,0058; p=0,0383), os demais parâmetros periodontais não apresentaram diferenças significantes. Os níveis de ácido úrico e ferritina foram estatisticamente maiores nos GPD e GHD com quando comparados ao GC (p<0,001); p=0,008; p=0,01); o nível de PCR foi maior no grupo GPD quando comparados aos grupos GC e GHD (p<0,05); e os níveis de fibrinogênio e triglicerídeos foram maiores no grupo GPD com doença periodontal quando comparados ao GC (p=0,01, p=0,008), o mesmo não ocorreu com os grupos sem doença periodontal. Conclusão: Assim sendo, conclui-se que a PIC e o número de dentes ausentes foi maior nos grupos testes quando comparados ao controle. Portanto, os profissionais de saúde devem ter uma atenção maior aos pacientes que apresentam a DRC no sentido de efetuar uma relação interdisciplinar para melhorar a condição de saúde deste. / Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function associated with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. CRFs patients have a humoral and cellular immune responses suppressed and the existence of any oral complications may be outbreaks of such patients, which are extremely susceptible to these. Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, and studies have shown that this is greater prevalence in patients with CRF compared to the general population. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical periodontal parameters CRFs patients. Methods: 125 CRFs patients were included in the study, and they were divided in control group (GC), foregoing dialysis group (GPD), and hemodialysis group (GHD), and the groups were subdivided in accordance with periodontitis. Results: Clinical attachment loss (CAL) was greater in GPD and GHD groups compared to the control (p = 0.0383; p = 0.0058), the other periodontal parameters did not provide significant differences. Uric acid and ferritin levels were statistically higher in GPD and GHD when compared to the GC (p<0.05); the PCR level was higher in GPD group when compared to the GC and HDG groups (p<0.05); and fibrinogen and triglycerides levels were greatest in the GPD with periodontitis than the GC (p = 0.01, p = 0.008), the same did not occur with groups without periodontitis. Conclusion: Accordingly, it is concluded that the clinical attachment loss and the number of dental lost of the tests groups were larger than the control group. Therefore, healthcare professionals must have an attention to CFRs patients to make a relationship interdisciplinary to improve the health condition.

La contraception hormonale combinée (CHC) est la contraception la plus utilisée en France. La maladie veineuse thromboembolique (MVTE), constitue le principal effet délétère de ces CHC. Des recommandations de bonnes pratiques sont publiées pour guider les prescripteurs. La meilleure compréhension des modifications biologiques associées aux différents types de CHC, les caractéristiques cliniques des femmes ayant eu une MVTE, la place de la recherche d’antécédents familiaux de MVTE (AFVTE) et d’une thrombophilie biologique avant la prescription d’une CHC constituent des pistes de recherche qui permettrait potentiellement d’optimiser la balance bénéfice-risque des CHC. Enfin l’impact de l’utilisation d’une contraception hormonale après un 1er épisode de MVTE reste peu évalué. Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé à la fois à l’aide de données biologiques d’utilisatrices de contraceptions hormonales (Etude EDGAR) et aussi à partir des données de l’étude de cohorte française COREVE (COntraception and REcurrent Venous Event). Cette étude a inclus 3121 femmes de moins de 45 ans au moment de leur 1er épisode de MVTE. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l’analyse des caractéristiques de ces femmes en fonction du type de contraception utilisée, à la prévalence des facteurs de risque vasculaires et notamment les AFVTE. La fréquence d’épisode de MVTE associé à une prescription inadaptée de CHC, variait ainsi de 8.8 à 25.9 %. Par ailleurs, à l’aide d’une méthodologie de type cas versus cas, l’interaction entre l’utilisation d’une CHC et la présence d’une mutation du facteur V Leiden sur le risque de MVTE diffère significativement en fonction du progestatif combiné des CHC. / Combined hormonal contraception (CHC) is the most widely used contraception in France in which venous thrombosis embolism (VTE) is the main deleterious effect. Best practice recommendations are published in order to guide prescribers.The better understanding of the biological changes associated with different types of CHC, the clinical characteristics of women with VTE, the place of family history of VTE (FHVTE) and for biological thrombophilia before prescribing a CHC constitute research paths that could potentially optimize the risk-benefit balance of CHCs. Finally, the impact of hormonal contraception use after a first episode of VTE remains rarely evaluated.This work was carried out both using biological data from hormonal contraception users (EDGAR study) and also using data from the French cohort study COREVE (COntraception and REcurrent Venous Event).This study included 3121 women under 45 at the time of their 1st episode of VTE. We were particularly interested in analyzing the characteristics of these women according to the type of contraception used, the prevalence of vascular risk factors and especially the FHVTE.The frequency of VTE episode associated with an inadequate CHC prescription varied from 8.8 to 25.9%. Moreover, using a case-only methodology, the interaction between the use of CHC and the presence of a mutation of the factor V Leiden on the risk of VTE differs significantly depending on the progestin combined of the CHCs.