Notre recherche consiste à étudier les comportements des professionnels dans les secteurs de la banque de détail et des compagnies d’assurance, des dirigeants aux conseillers, et des clients, qui ont des incidences sur les risques portés par ces derniers. Les législateurs et superviseurs se sont concentrés sur la réglementation et les normes, notamment prudentielles, comptables et techniques, mais ont sous-estimé le rôle et l’impact des comportements de chaque acteur qui peuvent être inappropriés et déloyaux malgré le nouveau cadre réglementaire. La compréhension, la prise en compte et le contrôle des comportements de chaque acteur sont nécessaires pour permettre un équilibre entre une efficience saine de l’entreprise et le respect des intérêts des clients de manière pérenne.Cette étude s’est déroulée en immersion durant trois années au sein de l’Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution (ACPR), ce qui a permis de voir, analyser et comprendre parallèlement les problématiques des superviseurs et des sujets de leurs contrôles. L’analyse de divers rapports nationaux et internationaux, des procédures et rapports de contrôle, des questionnaires à destination des professionnels ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs avec toutes les parties prenantes en lien avec notre sujet de recherche, ont permis d’avoir les éléments pertinents, fiables et concrets pour répondre à notre problématique centrale.Les activités financières reposent sur la confiance et dans ce contexte de crise persistant, la nécessité d’une surveillance et d’une régulation est croissante. Les secteurs de la banque et de l’assurance étant complexes, techniques et difficilement intelligibles pour le plus grand nombre, les comportements des acteurs de la finance doivent être exemplaires dans leurs interactions avec les clients, particulièrement quand ils présentent et expliquent les produits financiers.Depuis le début de la crise fin 2007, de nombreux scandales au niveau international ont mis en évidence un grand nombre d’erreurs humaines liées à des comportements non éthiques en matière de protection des consommateurs. Au-delà des failles concernant les risques financiers ou opérationnels, les pratiques commerciales de certaines entités financières ont été clairement mises en cause conduisant à la sanction du superviseur national pour certaines banques et compagnies d’assurance.Se pose ainsi la question essentielle de la place de l’éthique au sein de l’organisation et des effets des comportements de chaque partie prenante à la relation commerciale. L’éthique implique les notions de responsabilisation, de respect et de courage, elle doit être prise en considération et mise en pratique afin d’atteindre un double objectif : la performance humaine et économique de l’entreprise.Les législateurs et régulateurs, à travers les directives CRD4, Solvabilité2, MIF2, IMD2 et Prips focalisent principalement leurs exigences sur les règles comptables, techniques et liées aux pratiques commerciales. Même si les nombreux scandales financiers, notamment depuis 2007, ont montré de graves dérives comportementales dans la finance, les moyens mis en place (outils de gestion, méthodes ou dispositifs) pour décrypter et contrôler les comportements au sein des entreprises financières sont encore peu développés et utilisés, particulièrement pour les risques portés par le client.Notre étude décrit et analyse les comportements des professionnels et des clients, la place des émotions dans les prises de décisions financières, l’influence des normes et de leurs contrôles sur les comportements des professionnels afin de comprendre ce qui va à l’encontre d’un fonctionnement organisationnel interne vertueux et de pratiques commerciales responsables. Nous nous interrogeons sur la gestion des risques portés par le client au sein de l’organisation et des moyens alloués à la protection de la clientèle, et proposons une série de préconisations afin d'atténuer ces risques à l'avenir. / Our research consists of studying the behavior of professionals, leaders, advisors, and customers, in the areas of retail banking and insurance that have implications for the risk borne by clients. Legislators and supervisors focused on regulations and standards, in particular in prudential, accounting and technical areas but underestimated the role and impact of the behavior of each actor that may be inappropriate and unfair despite the new regulatory framework. Understanding, recognition and control of the behavior of each actor are necessary for a healthy balance between efficiency of the company and respect of the interests of customers in a sustainable manner.This study was conducted in immersion during three years within the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution, allowing to see, analyze and understand in parallel the issues of supervisors and the subjects of their controls. The analysis of various national and international reports, procedures and monitoring reports, questionnaires for professionals and semi-structured interviews with all stakeholders related to our research subject, allowed to have relevant, reliable and practical elements to address our central problem.The financial activities are based on trust and in this context of continuing crisis, the need for monitoring and regulation is increasing. Banking and insurance sectors are complex, technical and hardly intelligible to the general public, the behavior of financial actors must be exemplary in their interactions with customers, especially when they present and explain financial products.Since the beginning of the crisis at the end of 2007, many international scandals have highlighted a large number of human errors related to unethical behavior in the field of consumer protection. Beyond the loopholes regarding financial or operational risks, the business practices of some financial institutions have been challenged leading to penalties by the national supervisor for certain banks and insurance companies.This raises the essential question of ethics within financial institutions and the effects of each stakeholder’s behavior in the business relationship. Ethics involves the concepts of accountability, respect and courage, it must be taken into consideration and put into practice to achieve a double objective: the human and economic performances of companies.Legislators and regulators through the directives CRD4, Solvency 2, MIF2, IMD2 PRIPs and their requirements focus mainly on accounting rules, technical and related business practices. Although many financial scandals, particularly since 2007, have shown serious behavioral excesses in finance, the measures implemented (management tools, methods or devices) to decrypt and control the behavior within financial firms are underdeveloped and underused, particularly for the risks borne by the customer.Our study describes and analyzes the behavior of professionals and clients, the role of emotions in financial decisions, the influence of standards and their controls on the behavior of professionals to understand what is contrary to a virtuous organizational functioning and responsible business practices. We question the management of risks borne by the customer within the organization and resources allocated to the protection of customers, and we propose a set of recommandations in order to reduce these risks in the future.

For the evaluation of mineral development projects, it is imperative to consider the risks involved in mineral exploration and development and to bear in mind that an adjustment for these risks is a common practice which implies raising the minimum discount rate. A company may for instance use different discount rates depending on the different risks involved so as to compensate for the variability of success. In determining a discount rate, an organization should follow this rule “The greater the risk, the higher the discount rate should be. The discount rate will have a great influence on the economic evaluation of mineral projects. All other factors used for calculating the NPV (Net Present Value) being equal, the project at hand may be accepted or rejected depending upon the discount rate, and the fluctuation of the NPV from positive to negative. It must be pointed out that the determination of the discount rate is the most difficult and vital aspect of “cash-flow analysis.” In practice however the discount rate is usually fixed by top management and then delegated to the respective departments responsible for actual economic evaluation of the investment alternatives. A major problem in determining the appropriate discount rate is that it effectively depends more on subjective perception of the degree of risk or other past experience factors than on a systematic approach. By using a risk-free rate of return, plus a subjectively determined risk premium, a discount rate may be developed, which is expected to compensate the investor for the extra risk involved. In practice the selection of risk-free rate of return is relatively simple. In most cases, the yield on government bonds, under non-inflationary conditions, is adopted as the risk-free rate of return. The real problem lies in the choice of the risk premium which must be adequately adapted to compensate for the additional risks associated with the investment under consideration. Consideration of proper conditions in respect of a specific project under economic evaluation should help to determine the risk premium. The risk premium should be entirely dependent on the risks influencing the mineral development project. All possible risks affecting a mineral development project under consideration should be taken into account, when determining an appropriate risk premium. This is a stupendous task and will imply a large number of risks, which will no doubt make the determination very difficult to tackle and use. Furthermore, there are naturally numerous difficulties in structuring an analysis with many factors, because it is complex and multi-faceted. In order to facilitate the implementation of the determination, there are usually a definite number of key risks to be observed. Risks, crucial for success of the mineral development project, are classified as follows: -- Technical risk - reserve, completion, production -- Economical risk – price, demand, foreign exchange -- Political risk – currency conversion, environment, tax, nationalization From the review of factors influencing the determination of discount rate carried out (Section 4), it is concluded that the quantitative methodology for discount rate should be a process of identifying potential factors (risks), analyzing factors to determine those that have the greatest impact on mineral development, and determining discount rate. It is therefore imperative to find a method whereby all mining risks, together with their probability and impact, and an understanding of the combined effect of all risks attached to the cash flow and the rate of return. Thus then a way of a procedure calculating risk scores is required. Existing knowledge should therefore be used optimally to determine discount rate. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Mining Engineering / unrestricted

[pt] A região de Guaratiba apresenta, em sua história, períodos que marcam diferentes cenários socioecológicos. Ao longo de quase cinco séculos de ocupação e consequentes processos de transformação da paisagem, cenários ecológicos tornaram-se áreas produtivas, residenciais e de transição urbana. Essa historicidade constitui elemento-chave que permite a compreensão das vulnerabilidades locais e riscos associados. Esta pesquisa, portanto, tem como objetivo mapear e analisar vulnerabilidade e risco socioecológico na área contemplada por este estudo. Esse trabalho foi possível através da investigação da história de uso, ocupação e transformação da paisagem nessa área, da identificação de áreas vulneráveis, bem como da classificação dos riscos socioecológicos. Assim, estabeleceram-se três etapas metodológicas, nas quais foram: (1) analisados os processos históricos de uso e ocupação das terras em Guaratiba; (2) delimitadas Unidades Socioecológicas da Paisagem, com o intuito de tentar compreender os níveis atuais de heterogeneidade da área de estudo; por fim, (3) modelados e classificados os riscos sociecológicos. Essa análise levou ao entendimento de uma classificação socioecológica dos riscos, reconhecendo que tais eventos só podem ser compreendidos a partir da presença humana perante a pertinência de eventos que possam ferir os grupos expostos. Como resultado da análise espacial, quatro das seis unidades socioecológicas da paisagem apresentaram locais com tendência a riscos: USEP 2, USEP 4, USEP 5 e USEP 6. Tais áreas sugerem riscos socioecológicos do tipo físico relacionados a dinâmicas geomorfológicas e de enchentes, e saúde ambiental devido a dinâmicas de enchentes. / [en] The region of Guaratiba presents throughout its history, periods that mark different socioecological scenarios. After almost five centuries of occupation and consequent processes of landscape transformation, ecological scenarios slowly shifted into productive areas, residences and recent urban sprawl. This historical context becomes a key element in understanding local vulnerabilities and associated risks. Therefore, the research aims to map and analyze the vulnerability and socioecological risk in the study area, through the investigation of land use history and landscape transformation of the study area as well as to identify vulnerable areas and to classify socioecological risks. Three methodological steps were established: (1) the historical processes of land use and occupation in Guaratiba were analyzed through a literature review; (2) delimitation of Socioecological Landscape Units (SLU), in an attempt to understand the current levels of heterogeneity of the study area; and (3) modeling and classification of sociecological risks through systematization of geoprocessing techniques. This analysis led to the understanding of a socioecological classification of risks, recognizing that such events can only be understood from a human perspective before the pertinence of events that could hurt the exposed different groups. As a result of the spatial analysis, four of the six socioecological units of the landscape presented sites with risks: USEP 2, USEP 4, USEP 5 and USEP 6. In this areas suggest socioecological risks physical related to geomorphological and flood dynamics, and environmental health due to flood dynamics.

The relationship between the energy-food-water nexus and the climate is non-linear, multi-sectoral and time sensitive, incorporating aspects of complexity and risk in climate related decision-making. This paper seeks to explore how knowledge co-production can help identify opportunities for building more effective, sustainable, inclusive and legitimate decision making processes on climate change. This would enable more resilient responses to climate risks impacting the nexus while increasing transparency, communication and trust among key actors. We do so by proposing the operationalization of an interdisciplinary approach of analysis applying the novel methodology developed in Howarth and Monasterolo (2016). Through a bottom-up, participative approach, we present results of five themed workshops organized in the UK (focusing on: shocks and hazards, infrastructure, local economy, governance and governments, finance and insurance) featuring 78 stakeholders from academia, government and industry. We present participant's perceptions of opportunities that can emerge from climate and weather shocks across the energy-food-water nexus. We explore opportunities offered by the development and deployment of a transdisciplinary approach of analysis within the nexus boundaries and we analyse their implications. Our analysis contributes to the current debate on how to shape global and local responses to climate change by reflecting on lessons learnt and best practice from cross-stakeholder and cross-sectorial engagement. In so doing, it helps inform a new generation of complex systems models to analyse climate change impact on the food-water-energy Nexus.

Heterosexual adult men have been a neglected population that is at risk for HIV infection. In an era burdened by the devastation caused by HIV, it is alarming that risky sexual behavior continues to be a problem among heterosexuals. Heterosexual sexual behavior has contributed to a growing trend of HIV transmission in the Caribbean where the average prevalence in the adult population is 5%. Despite the availability of condoms and HIV prevention efforts of many Caribbean public health departments to reduce the spread of the disease, there appears to be barriers to safer sex practices. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, a descriptive correlational design was used with 185 Bahamian men ages 18 years and older to (a) examine the relationships among select demographics, masculine ideology, condom attitudes, self-efficacy for condom use, and safer sex behaviors; and (b) identify select predictors of condom use among Bahamian men. Data were collected using four standardized instruments and a demographic questionnaire. The results of this study suggest that masculine ideology, condom attitudes, and condom use self-efficacy are important in explaining 33% variance in safer sex behaviors among Bahamian men. Income (β = -.15, p < .01), masculine ideology (β = -.24, p < .01), condom attitudes, (β = .36, p < .01), and condom use self-efficacy (β = .1, p < .01) were significantly associated with safer sex behaviors. The empirical knowledge obtained from this study will be used to provide a rationale for nurses and policy makers to design and conduct culturally sensitive interventions with an aim of achieving an increase in safer sex behaviors among Bahamian men.

This master thesis is devoted to different possibilities of dealing with consequences of nuclear risks through a commercial insurance. It deals with nuclear energy in the world and in the Czech Republic, international liability conventions, Czech regularization of liability principles, possibilities of insuring nuclear risks through nuclear pools and alternative risk transfer methods. The thesis analyzes the causes, process, consequences and financing the damage of two selected nuclear power plant accidents. Based on available data, the thesis tries to evaluate the ability of the existing system of nuclear risk insurance to eliminate potential negative consequences and suggest possibilities to strengthen the role of commercial insurance.

The goal of the thesis is to evaluate effectiveness of bank instruments used in international trade to compare individual instruments as for advantages and disadvantages and to focus on their use in connection with other bank products. The thesis is divided in four main areas - risks in international trade, bank instruments, documents used in international trade and other bank products.

The financial risks which are faced by companies in international business are defined in the theoretical part of the graduation thesis. The second chapter presents particular methods of credit risks management. The principles of financial derivatives, the motivation of derivatives trading and their brief history is approached in the third chapter. The last two chapters focus on practical example. The corporation Czech airlines, Inc. is presented in the fourth chapter. In the last fifth chapter the concrete used methods of financial risks management are defined.

This diploma dissertation concerns the insurance of entrepreneurial risks, whose integral part is the responsibility insurance. The insurance of entrepreneurial risks enables a suitable combination of individual kinds of insurance to ensure a complex insurance protection of any sort of entrepreneurial activities from small traders to big industrial corporations. The responsibility insurance is very important in all spheres of human life because the subject is guilty when the third party is damaged to health or materially or if there is a need it guarrantees the financial damage arisen in connection with any activity. A Secondary technical school A was chosen as en entrepreneurial subject. An analysis of its necessities was carried out by the means of the compilation of internal data. The three strong commercial insurance companies with a wide portfolio of products, long life tradition and experience were chosen. On the basis of the analysis and comparison, the most suitable products concerning the necessities of this secondary technical school were chosen.

The subject of the thesis is a business valuation using the income method of discounted cash flow. The theoretical section deals with the description of the valuation process including financial analysis, and presents the most commonly used valuation methods and the specifics of real estate companies. The practical part includes the valuation of aAIM Czech Republic (Olomouc) using discounted cash flow and a detailed introduction to this method. The project concludes with an estimated market value of the company and suggestions on how to increase its value.