In this paper it is investigated the role that geothermal energy could play in theenergy mix, to meet new system requirements. As any other source, geothermal energy harnessing implies a number of risksmainly related to induced seismicity and landslides, together with the releaseof as greenhouse gases and metal salts. Moreover, important barriers to itsimplementation still exist, mainly concerning financial aspects and drillingoperations. As well, administrative status is uncertain and related investmentin R&D negligible. However, geothermal energy presents important advantages in relation toother energy sources, as its reliability and large capacity factor, comparable tonuclear and natural gas plants. It could help to reduce both the globalwarming, whose potential is up to 5 times lower than in the case of fossilfuels, and the landuse, the lowest of any power plant. Additionally, in spite ofthe high and risky initial investment, energy produced by geothermal means is amongst the cheapest. The geothermal potential is large enough to substantially contribute to theenergy mix, through locally available resources. Economic potential in Europeby 2050 is estimated in 100 – 4 000 TWheand 880–1 050 TWhth. Nevertheless, currently available technology strongly limits the access togeothermal resources. In addition, predictions about geothermal utilizationare modest and have hardly been achieved to date. The key for the future isthe development of the Engineered Geothermal Systems.

Syftet med denna studie är att studera vilken syn unga människor har på spelreklam och hur de anser att spelreklamen framställs, samt hur spelbolagen går tillväga för att marknadsföra sig. Begreppet spelreklam åsyftar i studien marknadsföring för alla typer av penningspel. Vi har genomgående under studiens gång haft de tre frågeställningarna nedan som grund för vårt forskningsarbete: -  Hur uppfattar unga personer spelreklam?-  Hur upplever dessa unga personer att spelbolagen ändrat tillvägagångsätt i sin marknadsföring och är det i en högre omfattning än tidigare?-  Vilka skillnader går att påvisa mellan aktiva spelare och icke-spelare i synen på spelreklam? Genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer, har åtta personer mellan 18–25 år intervjuats för att ta reda deras attityder och uppfattning kring ämnet. Studiens teoretiska ramverk grundar sig på enstegshypotesen, tvåstegshypotesen, encoding/decoding, framing, push- och pullmarknadsföring samt teorin om räckvidd och selektivitet. Resultatet visar att unga personer uppfattar spelreklam olika beroende på egen erfarenhet av penningspel eller spelande i deras omgivning men att helhetssynen är kritisk. Beroende på hur insatta intervjupersonerna var i spelande hade de även olika syn på spelbolagens olika tillvägagångssätt i marknadsföringen. Vilka medier de kommer i kontakt med spelreklam varierar även det. Gemensamt för samtliga var dock att de ansåg att spelbolagen inte påvisade tillräckligt i sin marknadsföring alla de hälsorisker penningspel innebär. / The aim of this study is to examine how young people perceive gambling advertising and how they consider that the gambling companies markets themselves. The study includes all types of gambling as sports betting, trotting, casinos and so on. Throughout during the study, we have had these three issues as a basis for our research work: -  How do young people perceive gambling advertising?-  How do these young people experience that the gambling companies have changed their marketing approach and is it to a greater extent than before?-  What differences are there between active gamblers and non-active persons in the view of gambling advertising? Through semi-structured qualitative interviews, eight different persons between the ages of 18 and 25 have been interviewed in order to find out their attitudes and perceptions about the subject. The study’s theoretical framework is based on one step flow theory, the two-step flow-theory, encoding/decoding, push and pull marketing and the theory of reach and selectivity. The result show that young people perceive gambling advertising differently depending on their own experience of gambling but that the holistic view is critical. Depending on how experienced the interview persons were in gambling they also had different opinions about how the gambling companies approaches their marketing. They also get in reach with this advertising in different media. What they all had in common was that they considered that the gambling companies do not enlighten enough about all the health risks of gambling.

The social and economic impact of urban flooding is becoming more severe in the United States over time. Urban areas are mostly vulnerable to flash floods because of the impervious surface, which increases the surface runoff. More than 80 percent of people live in urban areas in the United States, and they are at higher risk of urban flooding. Although many urban areas have a higher risk of urban flooding, there is still a significant knowledge gap of understanding between the minority's and nonminority's vulnerability to urban floods. Therefore, using Birmingham, Alabama, as a study area, this research designs a quantitative thematic mapping method to assess the flood risks of urban population and buildings. In this research, census data was used to assess urban residents' vulnerability to flooding using thematic mapping method – location quotient (LQ) and compare it with the widely used social vulnerability index. The findings suggest that the aggregation of White populations is much higher compared to minorities. This research also developed a flood risk model using integrated GIS and cartographic approach considering different environmental factors that influence the urban floods. This study found that the Valley Creek area is the highest flood risk zone in Birmingham, and has the highest percentage of residential (i.e., 56.14 %) and commercial (i.e., 75.34 %) buildings located in very high flood risk areas. The decennial census data from 1990 to 2015 was used to examine whether vulnerable population groups aggregated more in the flooding areas or moved away from Birmingham's flooding areas in the past thirty years. The findings of this research indicate that most minorities are aggregating more in the floodplain areas, whereas the non-minorities are moving away from the flooding regions.

Awareness of sexual exploitation has increased over the past decade. However, physical and psychological health needs, risks, health seeking behaviour and use of health services by sexually exploited young people have been inadequately explored. Methodology/method Phase 1: descriptive, phenomenological, approach to encourage young people involved in or vulnerable to sexual exploitation to describe their personal accounts of health, risks, health seeking and support. Phase 2: quantitative methodology consisting of a questionnaire survey with professionals supporting young people involved in or vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Data analysis Phase 1: phenomenological approach to data analysis (Giorgi, 1985). Phase 2: questionnaire data were analysed using software S.P.S.S. and thematic content analysis (Burnard, 2006). Results/findings Intentional self harm and substance misuse were concordant themes from phase 1 and 2. Novel themes that emerged from this study included a taxonomy of risk behaviours related to health, and the use of youth offending teams for health support Conclusion A significant range of physical and psychological health problems were reported alongside risks to health and barriers to health support for sexually exploited young people. Psycho-social vulnerability factors undermine health and impact on health seeking behaviour. / University of Bradford

While some rare and severe forms of platelet function disorders are now well characterized, many common types of platelet function disorders are not yet characterized. My hypothesis was that uncharacterized platelet function disorders that impair platelet function in aggregation and/or dense granule ATP release assays are associated with increased bleeding risk. The main goal of the thesis was to study the phenotype and bleeding risks for uncharacterized platelet function disorders, through analysis of the results from clinical laboratory tests of platelet function and for a detailed analysis of their reported bleeding symptoms. First, I assessed if lumi-aggregometry provides useful diagnostic information on platelet function and can be used to help decide if an individual has a bleeding disorder. Two cohorts of individuals were studied that had dense granule ATP release assessed in response to multiple agonists as part of a work-up for a bleeding disorder. Cohort I was comprised of individuals tested between January 2007 and June 2013 and cohort II was comprised of subjects tested at least twice by this assay prior to September 2015. Among subjects tested more than once for dense granule release defects as part of the work up for a bleeding disorder (cohort I; n=133; cohort II; n=17), normal findings with all tested agonists were often confirmed by the second test (cohort I: 83%; cohort II: 100%), but impaired release with multiple agonists was not often confirmed (cohort I: 34%; cohort II: 54%) and even if it was present, the finding was not predictive of a bleeding disorder. Consequentially, it was recommended that lumi-aggregometry should not be used to diagnose platelet function disorders. Next, I studied the bleeding risks associated with uncharacterized platelet function disorders, by evaluating subjects who had abnormal findings by validated assays, namely subjects who had defective aggregation responses to two or more agonists and/or dense granule deficiency. Bleeding history was evaluated using the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding assessment tool (ISTH BAT) and the likelihood for bleeding symptoms/ problems, was estimated using odds ratios (OR) collected using the clinical history assessment tool - platelet (CHAT-P) for all affected subjects, a subgroup family with a mutation RUNX1, unaffected family v members and general population controls. Individuals with platelet function disorders (n=29) and the affected members of the family with the RUNX1 mutation (n=6) had elevated ISTH BAT scores (median: 9; range:0-18 and median: 8.5, range 4-15, respectively) and an increased risk of abnormal bruising (OR 15-65 and 11-67), nosebleeds (OR 23-40 and 19-121), menorrhagia (OR 6.5-29) and excessive bleeding after trauma or dental/surgical procedures (OR 9.5-44 and 15-77 ) and wound healing problems (OR 13 and 38) compared to general population control (n=60) and unaffected (n=12) family members. Overall, the platelet function disorders in the study present with a significantly increased risk of mild, rather than severe bleeding problems. These findings are important for individuals and healthcare providers to promote evidence-based care of common uncharacterized inherited platelet function disorders for individuals with RUNX1 mutations, dense granule deficiency and/or impaired aggregation responses. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Platelets are small blood cells that help stop bleeding. People who have platelets that do not work properly are more likely to bleed. Determining who has platelet problems can be challenging as there are limitations to diagnostic tests for these conditions. Additionally, the risks for bleeding in individuals with platelet problems are unknown. We looked at individuals with bleeding problems and found that a recommended test to assess platelet dense granule release, called lumi-aggregometry, wasn’t able to reliably identify persons with bleeding problems. Based on this, we recommend that lumi-aggregometry should not be used to diagnose platelet function disorders. We also found that individuals with uncharacterized platelet function disorders have increased risks for wound healing problems and experiencing bruising, nosebleeds, menorrhagia, and excessive bleeding after dental or surgical procedures. These risks are common among other mild bleeding disorders and will be important to differentiate bleeding risk from other platelet disorders.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию кредитных рисков в коммерческом банке. Предметом исследования является деятельность коммерческих банков в условиях кредитных рисков в Российской Федерации и проблемы их развития. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является углубленный анализ кредитных рисков в коммерческом банке, а также исследование современных проблем развития данного финансового института и путей их решения. В заключении изложены основные выводы, полученные в работе, и проведено соотнесение достигнутых результатов с целями и задачами работы, поставленными во введении. / Graduation work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of credit risks in a commercial bank. The subject of the study is the activities of commercial banks in the context of credit risks in the Russian Federation and the problems of their development. The main goal of the master's thesis is an in-depth analysis of credit risks in a commercial bank, as well as a study of modern development problems of this financial institution and ways to solve them.In the conclusion, the main conclusions obtained in the work are presented, and the results achieved are compared with the goals and objectives of the work set out in the introduction.

Экономическая среда становится все более неопределенной. Особенно заметно это становится в условиях цифровизации, когда скорость взаимодействия с информацией значительно возросла. Чтобы сохранять и увеличивать свою конкурентоспособность компаниям приходится применять различные методы управления и модернизаций для достижения лидирующих позиций на рынке. В результате все больше компаний стремятся к цифровизации, которая позволяет оптимизировать процессы. Однако подобные изменения влекут за собой еще большую неопределенность. Поэтому компаниям становится особенно важно грамотно управлять и принимать решения в условиях неопределенности. Цель работы – разработка методических рекомендаций по управлению неопределенностью на современном этапе цифровизации экономики. Объектом исследования является совокупность подходов к управлению неопределенностью. Практическая значимость состоит в разработке алгоритма внедрения предложенных методических рекомендаций по управлению цифровой неопределенностью в деятельность компании. / The economic environment is becoming increasingly uncertain. This is especially noticeable in the conditions of digitalization, when the speed of interaction with information has increased significantly. In order to maintain and increase their competitiveness, companies have to apply various management methods and upgrades to achieve leading positions in the market. As a result, more and more companies are striving for digitalization, which allows optimizing processes. However, such changes entail even greater uncertainty. Therefore, it becomes especially important for companies to manage competently and make decisions in conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of the work is to develop methodological recommendations for managing uncertainty at the current stage of the economy digitalization. The object of the study is a set of approaches to uncertainty management. The practical significance lies in the development of an algorithm for implementing the proposed methodological recommendations for managing digital uncertainty in the company's activities.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, библиографический список и приложения. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические основы предпринимательских рисков, методы оценки и управления. Во второй главе проведен анализ основных показателей компании, проведена оценка предпринимательских рисков. В третьей главе разработаны пути повышения эффективности управления и снижения предпринимательских рисков. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and appendices. The first chapter deals with the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurial risks, methods of assessment and management. In the second chapter, an analysis of the main indicators of the company was carried out, an assessment of entrepreneurial risks was carried out. The third chapter developed ways to improve management efficiency and reduce business risks.

Over the years, last-minute cancellations and no-shows have presented difficulties for the hospitality sector, negatively affecting hotel operations and revenue. The cancellation policies of hotels have changed significantly as a result. These rules have been modified to act as "price fences" as a result of revenue management strategies used in the hotel industry. This study aims to find out how various cancellation policies impact consumers' perceptions of risk and intent to reserve hotel rooms at various times. The study provides insight into the factors that affect consumer behavior and choices for hospitality goods and services by examining these elements. The results of the study offer some understanding into how hotels and other hospitality businesses can use cancellation policies to customize their marketing strategies to meet consumer needs and preferences while successfully managing revenue and profitability.

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