Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti emigracijoje gyvenančių lietuvių asmenybės bruožų, sveikatos rodiklių ir prisitaikymo naujoje aplinkoje sąsajas, bei skirtumus su Lietuvoje gyvenančiais lietuviais. Tyrime dalyvavo 409 tiriamieji: 199 emigracijoje gyvenantys lietuviai ir 209 Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Tiriamieji pildė klausimyną, kurį sudarė BFI (asmenybės bruožams tirti) skalė, HAD (nerimastingumo ir pablogėjusios nuotaikos skalė), nusiskundimų sveikata dažnumo vertinimas, ir prisitaikymo naujoje aplinkoje strategijų klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvių emigrantai nepasižymi didesniu polinkiu į ekstraversiją, atvirumą patirčiai, neurotiškumą, sutarimą su kitais ir sąžiningumą, nei Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Emigrantų stipriau išreikštas neurotiškumas siejasi su didesniu polinkiu į separatizmą, švelniau išreikštas neurotiškumas, ryškesnis sąžiningumas siejasi su geresne integracija. Nenustatyta neurotiškumo su asimiliacija ir atvirumo patyrimui su integracija sąsajų. Lietuvių emigrantai nurodo mažiau nusiskundimų sveikatos būkle, vyrauja stipriau išreikštas nerimastingumas ir pablogėjusi nuotaika, palyginti su Lietuvoje gyvenančiais lietuviais. Be to, emigrantų didesnis nerimastingumas siejasi su stipriau išreikšta ekstraversija, sutarimu su kitais ir sąžiningumu, blogesnė nuotaika būdinga pasižymintiems didesniu sąžiningumu, bei vyrams su stipresniu ekstraversijos ir sutarimo kitais bruožu. Mažiau nusiskundimų sveikata nurodo linkusieji į ekstraversiją... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this study is to ascertain personality traits, health complaints and acculturation strategies in the sample of Lithuanian emigrants living abroad and compare with Lithuanian local inhabitants. The research involved 409 participants: 199 Lithuanian emigrants, living abroad and 209 local citizens that live in Lithuanian. Participants had to fill in a questionnaire made up of BFI (Big Five Inventory), HAD (Hospital anxiety and depression scale), health complaints scale and Acculturative Behavior Scale. The research results showed that Lithuanian emigrants and non-emigrants do not differ in the level of extraversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness and consciousness. Higher level of neuroticism tends to correlate with higher rates of separatism, lower neuroticism and stronger consciousness correlates with better integration. The results also showed that Lithuanian emigrants report less health complaints, but tend to have more anxiety and state of mind symptoms to compare with non-emigrants. The greater degrees of anxiety result in higher rates of extraversion, agreeableness and consciousness. Lithuanian emigrants with higher rates of consciousness and especially men with higher degree of extraversion and agreeableness tend to have worse state of mind. It is noticed that less heath complaints demonstrate those who are more extraverted, agreeable, less neurotic and men who are more open to experience. Moreover, higher degree of separatism enhances... [to full text]

Norint įvertinti esamą šalių situaciją, lyginti praėjusius laikotarpius ir įvardinti ateities prognozes, darnų vystymąsi reikia formalizuoti, t.y. jį reikia išreikšti kiekybinių ir kokybinių rodiklių kompleksu – darnaus vystymosi indeksais. Vienas iš paprastesnių įvertinimo būdų yra sudėtinis darnumo indeksas. Šio darbo tikslas ir yra įvertinti Lietuvos ir kitų ES šalių darnaus vystymosi pokyčius 2004 - 2010 m., naudojant sudėtinį indeksą. Norint pasiekti šį tikslą buvo išanalizuoti pagrindiniai ekonomikos, socialinio vystymosi ir aplinkos rodiklių pokyčiai ES15, Baltijos šalyse bei Lenkijoje ir Čekijoje. Pastarosios šalys buvo pasirinktos, nes visos į ES įstojo 2004 m. ir jų praeitis buvo panaši, o jų vystytmasis lyginamas su ES senbuvėmis šalimis. Sudėtiniui indeksui apskaičiuoti buvo naudota OECD metodika „Handbook on constructing composite indicators methodology and user guide“ (2008). Taip pat buvo apskaičiuoti subindeksai ir bendras darnumo indeksas. Išanalizavus duomemis paaiškėjo, kad naujų ES narių dauguma rodiklių, pvz., BVP, eksportas, energijos ir medžiagų intensyvumas, kūdikių mirtingumas, skurdas ir kt., pagerėjo analizuotu laikotarpiu. Taip pat nustatyta, kad ekonomikos subindeksas geriausias yra ES15, o aplinkos – Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje. Tuo tarpu sudėtinis darnumo indeksas 2004 ir 2010 m didžiausias buvo ES15 ir siekė 55,6 ir 57,9 balus atitinkamai. 2004 m mažiausias darnumo indeksas buvo Lenkijoje - 39,05 balai, o 2010 m – Latvijoje 45,7. Lietuvos darnumo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Wanting to evaluate present country situation, compare past and predict forecast, harmonious progress needs to be formalized (it needs to be expressed as quantitative and qualitative index integrate – harmonious growth progress). One of the simplest evaluation methods is harmonious integrate index, which shows country harmony. This job object is to evaluate Lithuania‘s and other EU country harmonious growth alteration of year 2004-2010, applying integrate index. To achieve this goal main growth and environmental index changes of ES15 have been analyzed in Baltic States, Poland and Czech Republic. These countries were selected because they all joined EU in 2004 and their past was similar and results are compared with countries that have been longer in EU. ‘Handbook on constructing composite indicators methodology and user guide’ (2008) were used OECD methodology to calculate integrate index. Sub-indexes and total coherence indexes were also calculated. After analyzing information of countries, which recently joined EU, it has become clear that their indexes like GDP, export, energy and material intensity, children death, poverty etc. have become better after they joined EU. Also, it was estimated that economy sub-index ES15 is the best and environment – in Lithuania and Latvia. Meanwhile, integrate harmony index ES15 became biggest in 2004 and 2010 and accordingly reached 55, 6 and 57, 9 points. Smallest harmony index was in Latvia – only 39, 09 in 2004 and 45, 7 in 2010... [to full text]

Subject of research – pure and mixed forest stands of IV group on Nc type of soil. Objective of research – to analyze various financial indices of different forest stands growing on Nc type of soil. Methodology – using standwise forest database, stands of IV group of forest growing on Nc type of soil were selected and grouped by species composition. Average reforestation expenses by tree species as well as average expenditures for stand protection and supervision were used. Volume of mature stands at cutting age were calculated using growth models by dr. A. Tebėra. Faustman’soil expectation value was calculated using two alternative interest rates, 1 % and 2 %. Results of research – it was defined that birch and spruce mixed forest stands reaches the highest Faustman’s soil expectation value using both 1 % and 2 % interest rate. The same stands provide highest forest rent. The lowesr values using all the three indices reach adler stands.

The development of a creative personality is becoming more and more significant in the rapidly changing world. The aim of this work is to reveal the peculiarities of 5 –7 year old children verbal and nonverbal creative thinking. In the first (theoretical) part problems of creativity and creative thinking are analysed. In the second (practical) part the results of research on the indices of verbal and nonverbal creative thinking of pre – school children (5–7) are analysed. The object of research – creativity of 5 – 7 year children and education of creativity. The aim of research – to reveal the peculiarities of 5 – 7 year old children verbal and nonverbal creative thinking. The tasks of research: 1) to analyse the indices of creativity among girls and boys; 2) to analyse the indices of creativity among 5 and 7 year old children; 3) to analyse the indices of creativity among children from Vilnius and Alytus. Hypothesis: 1) girl's and boy's verbal and nonverbal creative thinking indices are equal; 2) 5 year old children are conditionally more creatable then 7 year old children; 3) creativity of the 5 and 7 year old children differ due to the place of residence: children from Vilnius are conditionally more creatable then children from Alytus. The research proved that the first hypothesis wasn’t confirmed. The girl's nonverbal creative thinking indices are higher then boy's. The boy's verbal creative thinking indices are higher than girl's. The second hypothesis was fully... [to full text]

Aim of study: to evaluate microbiological quality of drinking water according Lithuanian drinking water standard HN 24:2003. Material and methods. The data of microbiological tests of drinking water were collected from laboratories responsible of drinking water control in Kaunas region. Part of the study was carried out at Helsinki University (dep. of Food and Environmental Hygiene). Different microbiological criteria of drinking water samples from small community supply were examined. Results. The results of our study showed that 94.4 % of drinking water from centralist drinking water supplies in Lithuania fulfill requirements of drinking water standard HN 24:2003 and is safe to drink. Drinking water from dug wells more often are contaminated and does not fit drinking water standard requirements. We found that there were too much coliforms in 12,8 % of drinking water samples, enterococci in 23.4% and E. coli in 16.7 % respectively. The study showed that there is a season variation of microbiological quality of drinking water. Less microbiological contamination of dinking water samples was during winter season from both water supply systems - centralist drinking water supplies and small community supplies. Microbiological quality of drinking water in Lithuania from small community supplies was worse compare to drinking water from small community supplies in Finland. The average of E.coli bacteria in Lithuanian drinking water from small community supplies was 5.57±2,09/10... [to full text]

Work object – Vyžuona river, which has 26 km lenght, is left affluent of Šventoji river, belongs to subbasin of Šventoji river and runs from northeast to southwest of Lithuania. Work aim – identify water quality and bounded with it live organisms of Vyžuona river. Work tasks – analyse physical-chemical water parameters of Vyžuona river, identify varietal composition of organisms, define and evaluate contamination of river objects. Work results – After the reasearch was made there was defined that Vyžuona river in Utena town (1 km from Krašuona river and Vieša river junction) belongs to average contaminated rivers category measuring by parameters of water quality: common nitrogen quantity 1.9 times exceeds permissible quotas, 68.6 % of common nitrogen is composed of nitrate nitrogen, BDS7 quantity 2,7 times exceeds the LDK, concentration of phosphates 2.3 times exceeded permissible quotas. Krašuona river and Vieša river runs trough private houses section, which has no central sewer and that is the reason why mentioned rivers are bearing domestic contaminants into Vyžuona river. According to 2004-2006 data below the outlet from drain mechanism of UAB „Utenos vandenys“ refinement system there was found concentration of phosphorus which averagely 1,75 times, common nitrogen 1,1 times and BDS7 1,7 times less in comparison with river part in centre of Utena town above UAB „Utenos vandenys“. That may be explained by UAB „Utenos vandeys“ affect, which drains large amount of enough... [to full text]

Nepriklausomybės atgavimas ir pasitraukimas iš planinės ekonomikos, sąlygojo ir permainų būtinumą. Lietuvoje buvo pradėtos svarbios ūkinės reformos, kuriomis buvo siekiama sukurti laisvos rinkos ūkį, gamintojų konkurenciją, skatinti paklausą turinčios produkcijos gamybą, užmegzti tiesioginius ekonominius ryšius su užsienio šalimis, pakelti žmonių gyvenimo lygį. Visa tai atsispindėjo šalies pagrindinių makroekonominių rodiklių raidoje, kurios nagrinėjimui ir skirtas šis magistro baigiamasis darbas. Baigiamąjį darbą sudaro 3 dalys. Pirmoji dalis skirta pagrindinių makroekonominių rodiklių teoriniam vertinimui. Ją sudaro 4 skyriai: Bendrasis vidaus produktas; Investicijos; Nedarbas; Infliacija. / The theme of the Master’s Thesis is Changes in the Main Macroeconomic Indices of Lithuania after the Restoration of Independence. The Thesis is composed of 67 pages, 4 tables and 15 images. Restoration of independence and abandoning of the central planning economy determined the necessity for changes. Important economic reforms were launched in Lithuania with the aim of establishing a free-market economy, competitiveness of producers, enhancing the manufacture of marketable products, contracting direct economic ties with foreign countries, boosting the standard of living. All these factors reflected in the macroeconomic indices and their changes, which are the subject matter of this Master’s Thesis.

Socialinio draudimo sistema Lietuvoje, esama padėtis, pensininkų problemos bei galimi jų sprendimo būdai - tai dalis klausimų, kylančių Lietuvos gyventojams. Visuomenės senėjimas ir tai, kad kiekvienas dirbantysis ateityje bus pensininku, pabrėžia temos aktualumą. Šiame darbe keliama hipotezė, kad tokie ekonominiai ir socialiniai veiksniai, kaip BVP, ekonomikos augimas, darbo užmokesčio didėjimas, pensinio amžiaus ilgėjimas, privačių pensinių fondų plėtra, gyventojų skaičiaus kitimai yra tarpusavyje tampriai susiję ir sąlygojantys vienas kitą bei pačios socialinio draudimo sistemos kitimus ir jos plėtra. Darbe buvo nagrinėtas 1991-2006 metų laikotarpis. Jo metu vyko privatizacijos procesai, keitėsi gyventojų užimtumas, prasidėjo ekonominė emigracija, prasidėjo privačių pensinių fondų vystymasis. Tai keitė žmonių užimtumą, darbo užmokestį, pensinį aprūpinimą. / The social insurance system in Lithuania, the present status, the problems of the pensioners and the ways to solve these problems – this is only the part of the questions, which are relevant for the Lithuanians. The ageing of the community and knowing that every working man will become the pensioner in the future accents the topicality of the problem. The hypothesis in this paper is about such economic and social factors as GDP (Gross Domestic product), the increase of economy and salaries and the elongation of the pensioner age, the development of the private pension’s funds and the variation of the citizens’ number. All these factors are closely involved and influence each other and the variations of the insurance system and development. There are analyzed the period of 1991-2006, November in this paper. The privatization processes began at that time, the occupation of citizens changed, economy emigration began, and development of private funds began. These variations changed the people occupation, the salaries, pensioner supply. In the present the new society ageing problems are coming. Even when the pensions age after the independence was prolonged from 55 to 60 for the women and from 60 to 62,5 for the men, this decision does not deal with the problems of ageing society. The old-age pension’s size is not large enough to guarantee better living quality for the elderly people. The work reserve of the elderly people is not used too. These elderly people want to work, but... [to full text]

Magistro darbe tiriama ekologinių veiksnių įtaka pirmamečių slyvaičių skiepų kokybei. Darbo objektas - bandyme tirtos slyvų veislės 'Viktorija', 'Kometa' ir 'Early Gold', skiepytos į kaukazinę slyvą (Prunus divaricata). Darbo tikslas – palyginti pirmamečių slyvaičių skiepų kokybę auginant juos pastovioje vietoje ir persodinus. Darbo metodai. Dvifaktorinis bandymas atliktas 2008 m. LŽŪU medelyne, karbonatingame, giliau glėjiškame išplautžemyje. Vykdant tyrimą buvo analizuojama skiepų augimo dinamika, nustatytas skiepų aukštis, kamienėlių skersmuo, lapų masė, lapų plotas. Taip pat nustatyta kokybiškų skiepų išeiga. Darbo rezultatai. Tyrimo duomenų analizė parodė, kad intensyviausio slyvaičių skiepų augimo laikotarpio trukmė priklauso nuo veislių ir auginimo sistemų. Aukščiausi per metus užaugo nepersodinti 'Viktorija' medeliai, storiausi – nepersodinti 'Early Gold' skiepai. Didžiausias lapų plotas ir lapų masė buvo nepersodintų 'Kometa' slyvaičių. Kokybiškų pirmamečių medelių kiekį lemia tiek auginimo sistema, tiek ir individualus veislių augumas. / Master work analyse Environmental factors influence on the quality of the vaccine of first year's plum trees. Work object - trial investigated various plum species 'Viktorija', 'Kometa' and 'Early Gold', which were vaccinated into the Caucasian plum (Prunus divaricata). Work purpose - of the test was to compare the effect quality of vaccine for first year's plum trees, which grow in a constant place and for the ones after transplantation. Work method - Two-factor test was conducted in 2008 LŽŪU nursery gardens, albi epihypogleyic luvisols, which are rich in carbonates. During the test, dynamics of growth of the vaccine, the height of the vaccine, shaft diameter, leaf weight and leaf area were all measured. In addition to that, high-quality vaccines yield was also calculated. Work analysis - the analysis of test's data showed that the length of the most intense growth period of vaccine depends on the species and cropping systems. The highest growth level in a year's period was achieved by 'Viktorija' seedlings and the thickest were 'Early Gold' vaccines. 'Kometa' had the biggest leaf area and mass. So in conclusion – the growth quality of first year's trees depends on the cropping system as much as the individual growth properties of the species.

Magistro darbe yra suformuluotos Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos šalių darbo rinkų vystymosi problemos, identifikuotos vystymosi tendencijos ir numatomos perspektyvos. Darbe išanalizuoti teoriniai darbo rinkos formavimosi aspektai: samdomojo darbo istorinė raida, darbo jėgos pasiūla ir paklausa, darbo rinkos struktūros elementai, reguliavimas. Magistro darbe išanalizuotos Lietuvos ir ES šalių rinkos, vertinant užimtumo rodiklius pagal lytis, pagal ūkio sritis, atlikta retrospektyvinė darbo rinkos rodiklių analizė, atlikta darbo užmokesčio ir nedarbo lygio, minimalaus darbo užmokesčio ir BVP augimo tarpusavio priklausomybės analizė. Patvirtinama autorių suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos darbo rinkos rodikliai kinta tendencingai panašia kryptimi. / This Master’s work is analyzing Lithuanian and European Union labour market development problems, identifies the tendencies of development and predicts the perspectives. The paper analyzes the theoretical aspects of labour market formation: historical development of hiring labour, supply and demand of labour force, elements of labour market structure, control. The Master’s paper analyzes the markets of Lithuania and EU countries, considering the occupational indicators based on gender and areas of economy. The aim was to perform a retrospective analysis of labour market indicators, work salary and unemployment level, minimal salary and GDP increase inter-relation. The author’s formulated scientific investigation hypothesis is confirming that indicators of Lithuanian and European labour markets are changing accordingly in the same direction.