I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag Simon Snow från Carry On trilogin (2015–21) och Morrigan ”Mor” från A Court of Thorns and Roses serien (2015–). Huvudsyftet med studien är att undersöka hur dessa två karaktärers sexualitet och identitet fungerar i sina respektive fantasy serier, hur de gestaltas och om de får chansen att utvecklas. Med queerteoretisk utgångspunkt undersöker jag hur karaktärerna kommer ut och hur de lever sina liv efteråt, likaså hur deras sexualitet får en roll i deras respektive fantasy-värld. I min analys visar jag hur bisexualiteten ignoreras och hur båda karaktärerna har svårt att komma fram till vilken sexualitet som passar dem bäst. Mor har även en långsammare utveckling när det kommer till hennes sexualitet, och finner det svårare att våga komma ut. Simon och Mor är även olika som personer och i min analys visar jag på hur slutet av deras respektive berättelser blir annorlunda; Mor försvinner ur berättelsen nästan direkt efter att hon kommer ut, medan Simon blir mer bekväm i hans sexualitet och relation. / In this paper, I study Simon Snow from the Carry On trilogy (2015–21) and Morrigan, nicknamed Mor, from the book series A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015–). The main aim of this study is to examine how the two characters’ sexuality and identity work in their respective book series, how they are described and if they are allowed to develop. Using queer theory, I examine how the two characters come out and how they live their lives afterwards, as well as how sexuality work in a fantasy novel. As a result, I have discovered that the label of bisexuality is frowned upon, and that both characters have a hard time figuring themselves out in terms of what sexuality and identity they relate to the most. Mor also had a slower development when it comes to her sexuality and a bigger struggle with coming out to her friends in comparison to Simon. Mor and Simon have very different journeys with their sexuality and are at very different stages in their acceptance at the end of their respective stories. In Mor’s case, she left the story as soon as she came out to one person, whilst Simon became more confident in his sexuality and relationship.

Because it signified the violent transition from the Plantagenet to Tudor dynasty, the death of King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth’s Field was a monumental event. After five centuries, his skeleton was rediscovered by an archaeological team at a site, formerly the location of the Greyfriars Priory Church. The presentation uses the forensic evidence to examine the extent to which the perceived image of Richard III is the result of Tudor propaganda.

L’hybridation avec des ressources génétiques allochtones est largement pratiquée chez les plantes ornementales pour introduire de nouveaux caractères. Au cours du 19e siècle, âge d’or de la sélection des rosiers en France, des rosiers asiatiques ont été introduits en Europe. L’objectif ici est d’étudier l’évolution de la diversité génétique des rosiers cultivés en France au cours de cette période. La diversité a été étudiée à l’échelle du génome puis à l’échelle de gènes candidats codant pour des caractères potentiellement sélectionnés au cours du 19e siècle. Un échantillon de 1228 rosiers illustrant la diversité génétique des rosiers français cultivés à cette période a été génotypé avec 32 microsatellites. Une large diversité, structurée en seize groupes génétiques et une différenciation entre les rosiers anciens européens et les rosiers asiatiques ont été détectées. Un déplacement du fond génétique des hybrides cultivés d’un type européen vers un type asiatique a été observé au cours du 19e siècle. Les croisements fréquents et/ou la sélection pour des caractères présents chez les rosiers asiatiques ont pu induire cette évolution. Certains caractères phénotypiques, comme la remontée de floraison, deviennent prépondérants. Onze gènes candidats ont été séquencés et leur diversité a été analysée sur un sous-échantillon de 365 rosiers. Parallèlement au fond génétique, certains gènes présentent un rapprochement génétique vers des allèles asiatiques. Pour le gène KSN, une augmentation de la fréquence d’allèles portant le rétrotransposon copia, responsable de la remontée de floraison, est observée. / Innovation in ornamental plant breeding is commonly obtained by hybridization with newly introduced genetic resources. During the 19th century, golden age for rose breeding in France, Asian roses were introduced in Europe. Our objective here was to study and explain the evolution of rose genetic diversity in France during this period of time. The diversity was studied at the genome scale and at the candidate gene scale. A large sample of 1228 garden roses illustrating the French rose diversity from this period of time was genotyped with 32 microsatellites markers. A wide diversity, structured into sixteen genetic groups, was observed. A geneticdifferentiation was detected between ancient European and Asian accessions and a continuous temporal shift was observed in cultivated hybrids from a European to an Asian genetic background during the 19th century.Frequent crosses with Asian roses along the 19th century and/or selection for Asiatic traits may have induced this shift. Some phenotypic traits, like continuous flowering, became overriding traits. Eleven candidate genes, which were potentially selected during the 19th century, were sequenced and their diversity was analyzed on a subsample of 365 roses. Simultaneously to the genetic background, some genes are gettingcloser to Asian alleles. For the KSN gene, an increase in the frequency of alleles carrying the retrotransposon copia, responsible for continuous flowering, is observed.

This diploma thesis is exploring the topic of legitimacy and legality of the royal power in the late English and French Middle Ages. Specifically, it answers the question whether Edward IV and Charles VII were legitimate kings for their respective subjects, based on analysis and comparison of selected contemporaneous English and French sources. This thesis presents different points of view on the royal power and the royal office according to the medieval authors. It describes the often ambiguous and contradictory opinions on this issue as well as provides a deeper look at the traditions and customs surrounding it. This analysis is presented against the historical backdrop of prolonged armed conflicts and political changes in both kingdoms. The differences between the legal and political situation of Charles VII and Edward IV suggest a wide range of possible interpretations. This thesis, based on the critical analysis and comparison of the relevant historical sources, advocates the view supporting the legitimacy of both kings, based on their respective genealogical and legal claims as well as on the support granted by their subjects. Keywords: Charles VII, Edward IV, royal power, legitimacy, treaty of Troyes, Wars of the Roses, Hundred years war

Ce travail de recherches dans divers centres d‟archives (Paris, Nantes, Bucarest, Genève) réalise une synthèse des relations culturelles franco-roumaines de 1878 à 1965. Il s‟agit de comprendre, comment la France affaiblie après 1870 est plus que jamais considérée par l‟élite roumaine comme sa « grande soeur latine ». Puis, forte de cette reconnaissance, comment elle institutionnalise sa propagande culturelle dans la Grande Roumanie (1919-1939) pour oeuvrer aux côtés des Roumains à la latinisation des territoires annexés, et parvient à la signature de l‟accord culturel de mars 1939 dans l‟environnement hostile des régimes fasciste et nazi. La dernière période de 1940 à 1965 traite des aléas de ces relations : maintien difficile des OEuvres françaises durant la guerre, renouveau espéré des échanges de 1944 à 1947, jusqu‟à la dénonciation de l‟accord en 1948 par la Roumanie sous tutelle soviétique. Suit une traversée du désert qui aboutit avec peine au nouvel accord de 1965. Tout au long de cette période, la culture française s‟enrichie au contact des intellectuels et artistes roumains dont les oeuvres entrent dans le patrimoine français. L‟auteure de la thèse fait découvrir son trisaïeul roumain, le peintre Mihai Simonidi (1872-1933), à partir des archives familiales. Arrivé en France en 1892, il acquiert une certaine renommée auprès du Tout-Paris à l‟occasion de l‟Exposition Universelle de 1900 ainsi qu‟auprès de l‟élite bucarestoise. Peintre de nus, de marines et de fresques magistrales dont certaines décorent encore l‟intérieur de bâtiments bucarestois, il réalise également des portraits de célébrités françaises du monde artistique et littéraire et de politiques roumains. / This study of Franco-Rumanian cultural relations between 1878 and 1965 is the fruit of research carried out in a number of archive centres (Paris, Nantes, Bucharest and Geneva). Its objective is to understand why France, in its weakened state after the 1870 war, was nevertheless considered by the Romanian elite as its „older sister‟. The author then examines how France used its position to institutionalise its cultural propaganda in „Grand Romania‟ (1919-1939), working alongside Romanians to spread its influence to the annexed territories, and how a cultural agreement was signed in March 1939 despite the hostile environment created by the fascist and Nazi regimes. Relations were unsettled during the final period (1940 to 1965), with the struggle to retain French works of art during the war, the promising exchanges in the immediate after-war years, and the termination of the agreement in 1948 by Soviet-controlled Romania. After a barren period a new agreement was signed in 1965. Throughout the period French culture was enriched by its contact with Romanian intellectuals and artists whose works were integrated into France‟s cultural heritage. The author uses family records to tell the story of her Romanian ancestor, the artist Mihai Simonidi (1872-1933). After arriving in France in 1892, he exhibited at the Universal Exhibition of 1900 and gained a certain reputation amongst the Paris and Bucharest elite. Well-known for his nudes, marine scenes and murals, some of which can still be seen in buildings in Bucharest, he also painted the portraits of famous French artists and writers and Romanian politicians of the time.

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The current paper is a study of the male characters Simon and Jace from Cassandra Clare's City of Bones (2010), and the characters Tamlin and Rhysand from Sarah J. Maas’ A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015). The main aim is to examine whether the characters in these fantasy novels for young adults have traits and functions that previously have been used to describe and portray female characters. The study discovered among other things that vulnerability and sensitivity could be found in all the characters, especially when danger was upon them or their loved ones. Simon was also the only character that was not portrayed with skills in combat, which was mocked by the other male characters but not by the female protagonist. The two male characters in A Court of Thorns and Roses were also portraited as sexual objects in the novel, and Rhysand was exposed to sexual abuse by the novel’s antagonist, which can be seen as stereotypical female trait. The male character’s function in the novels was to have a folie function to each other, and be a love interest, a confidant, and a choir to the female protagonist. The male characters in the novels were also the ones who needed to be rescued by the female characters, and thereby found themselves in a female position.

The intention of this thesis is to identify and analyze the cat woman archetype as a contemporary extension of the transgressive witch archetype, which rampantly appears over the course of cinema history, working as a signifier of a patriarchal society's fear of autonomous and subversive women. The character of Catwoman is the ultimate representation for this archetype on grounds of her visibility, longevity, and ability to return again and again. More importantly, Catwoman and her sisterhood of cat women work against male creators as a means of female empowerment through trickery. Within this thesis, key films of varying genres are drawn from throughout cinema history and analyzed in order to demonstrate the intertextual network of characters that make up the cat woman archetype, and the importance of the Catwoman character in her many forms.