The purpose of this study is to investigate how children's literature used at preschool, focusing on social interaction between the children ́s and between the children and the educators. Through interviews and observations at four preschools, we studied the way in which teachers and children made use of children's literature.We propose the following questions: In wich way does the preschool teachers using the children’s literature at preschoolin a verbally interaction? What is the purpose when the educators using the childrens’s literature? How is the children using the literture that exist at the preschoolin a social interaction? This study is based on a qualitative method with interviews, observations and audio recordings. Our theoretical approach to this study is the socio -Cultural perspectiveLearning and development by Lev Vygotsky. We will also use John Dewey, highlight the concept of experience.

The aim of this essay was to examine adult-child power structures connected to the main character in Lois Lowry´s novel Number the Stars, to see if they could be found in different levels, and layers of the text. With the focus to see if the novel´s content might correlate to any educational purposes if used when teaching English as a second language in the Swedish upper secondary school. The analysis showed that the novel displayed a didactic intent from the author to introduce ideological social values belonging to the Danish society and the resistance movement in Denmark during the German occupation, between the years of 1940-1945. Furthermore, presumed transference of American values from the author were found in the narrative. The portrayals of these social values in the narrative are done with a display of adult power over children in the narrative, both in the story and towards the novel´s intended readers. The content of the novel could then be used for educational purposes to uncover and discuss aspects of social power through ideology, human values, and human rights, correlating to the English syllabus in Lgr11 regarding "relations and ethical questions", as well as the curricula’s aim to develop the students ability´s to "reflect over living conditions, social and cultural phenomena in different contexts and parts of the world where English is used" (Skolverket 32, 34).

Som medmänniskor och i lärarprofessionen anser jag att vi måste ha en bra förståelse för genus, då det påverkar vår pedagogiska grundsyn och hur vi är som människor. För att kunna utmana könsnormer på ett konstruktivt sätt menar jag att vi måste förstå vad barnen har för syn på genus och tankar om skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor ur jämställdhetssynpunkt. Studien handlar om barns tankar om genus och könsroller utifrån högläsning av Astrid Lindgrens Mio min Mio (2011/ 1954) och Gro Dahle & Svein Nyhus Snäll (2008). Mio i Mio min Mio (2011/ 1954) representerar den snälla, men modiga manliga huvudrollen och Lussi i Snäll (2008) representerar den snälla, men normbrytande kvinnliga huvudrollen. Huvudsakliga frågeställningar är hur barnen i en klass 6 tolkar den valda litteraturen i ett genusperspektiv, samt hur den påverkar barnen i deras tankar om genus/ könsroller. Det intressanta är att det i varje tid med sin kultur och historia, finns rum för förändring (Hedlin 2010 s.20). Sker denna förändring i mötet med böckerna? Eleverna har fått svara på en enkät om genusperspektivet i respektive bok och jag har valt att analysera sex elevers enkäter, tre pojkar och tre flickor. Resultaten visar att barnen sett ett tydligt genusperspektiv i litteraturen, och utifrån detta har de utvecklat sin förståelse och i slutändan kunnat formulera sina tankar om genus och könsroller på ett djupare plan. / As fellow people and in the teaching profession, I believe that we need to have a good understanding about gender, because it affects our educational basic view and how we behave as humans. To be able to constructively challenge the current gender norms, I believe that we need to understand our pupils understanding in the subject of gender. We also need to understand their thoughts about the differences between boys and girls in a gender perspective. The study is about the pupils thoughts of gender and gender norms after reading aloud and having discussions about Astrid Lindgrens Mio, my son (2011/ 1954) and Gro Dahle & Svein Nyhus Snäll (Kind authors translation) (2008). Mio in Mio, my son (Lindgren 2011/ 1954) represent the kind, but brave boy as a main character and Lussi in Snäll (Dahle & Nyhus 2008) represents the kind, but norm breaking girl as the main character. The main issues are how pupils in the 6th grade interpret the chosen literature from a gender perspective, and how it affects the students in their thoughts about gender and gender norms. What is interesting is that in every time with its own culture and history, there is room for change (Hedlin 2010 s.20). Does this change happen when the pupil interacts with the books? The pupils have answered a questionnaire about the gender perspective in each book, and I chose to analyze the questionnaires of six pupils, three boys and three girls. The results show that the pupils have seen a clear gender perspective in the literature and on this basis, they developed their understanding and ultimately, they have been able to formulate their thoughts about gender and gender roles on a deeper level.

Each year a significant number of children’s books, with a wide range of themes, are being published. The relation between children and adults is a common theme. In this study I have analyzed ten children’s books, five from the 1970’s and five from the 2010’s. I have in my analysis used Steven Lukes’ (2008) power theory to examine and compare the power relations between the children and the adults in these books. To find out more about the views that authors of children’s literature have on the adult characters in their books, I have interviewed two authors, Barbro Lindgren who has been writing children’s books since 1965 and Åsa Mendel-Hartvig who started to write children’s literature in 2010. I have compared their views and used them in my analysis. From my studies I could see a change in the power structure. The young characters have more room to act and the adults show less of authority in the books from the 2010’s. There are many possible explanations to this and I choose to see the Swedish curriculum as one of them. Today’s guidelines of letting children be part of decision makings could be an influence on our society as well as on the children’s literature.

Submitted by Daniely Januário (daniely.januario@gmail.com) on 2018-02-28T18:39:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 venisevieiramendesdoutorado.pdf: 3317868 bytes, checksum: db5b5c96272c5cdc8d27d69ab91042e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-01T15:35:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 venisevieiramendesdoutorado.pdf: 3317868 bytes, checksum: db5b5c96272c5cdc8d27d69ab91042e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T15:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 venisevieiramendesdoutorado.pdf: 3317868 bytes, checksum: db5b5c96272c5cdc8d27d69ab91042e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as duas únicas traduções brasileiras do livro Le petit Nicolas, de Sempé e Goscinny (1960), e seu objetivo principal é a determinação do escopo dessas traduções e das características do público-alvo de cada uma delas por meio da apuração de seus encargos tradutórios. Como pressupostos teóricos que orientam esta pesquisa, destacam-se a Abordagem Funcionalista da Tradução, na ótica de Christiane Nord (1997, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2008), os estudos dedicados à Literatura Infantojuvenil (COELHO, 1980, 1991, 1993; HUNT, 2010) e à sua tradução (AZENHA JUNIOR, 1991, 1996, 2005, 2005, 2008, 2012). Aborda-se, também, o discurso de teóricos voltados para o estudo da Historiografia, com ênfase na historiografia da tradução. A análise dos dados baseou-se em três corpora: o primeiro corpus é constituído pelo livro original Le petit Nicolas, publicado pela Editora Denoël, cuja edição aqui consultada é de 1999; o segundo é a tradução de Marcelo Corção, de 1975, publicado pela Editora Artenova e o terceiro, a tradução da Martins Fontes Editora, de 1997, assinada por Luis Lorenzo Rivera; ambas as traduções levam o nome O Pequeno Nicolau. A análise dos dados aponta para a diferença de concepção sobre o fazer tradutório na qual a tradução operada pela Editora Artenova busca um resultado final que elimina a presença do estrangeiro no texto, enquanto a tradução feita pela Editora Martins Fontes resguarda, investe e insiste na presença da cultura estrangeira. / The aim of this work is to study the only two Brazilian versions of the book Le petit Nicolas, written by Sempé and Goscinny (1960). The main purpose is to define the scope of these translations and the target audience characteristics of each of those versions by analysing their translation-briefs. As theoretical assumptions that guide this research, stand out the Translation Functionalist Approach, in the view of Christiane Nord (1997, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2008), some studies dedicated to children and youth literature (Coelho, 1980, 1991, 1993; HUNT, 2010) and its translation (AZENHA JUNIOR, 1991, 1996, 2005, 2005, 2008, 2012).This work also focuses on theoretical discourse of the study of translation historiography. The data analysis was based on three corpora: the first corpus consists on the original book Le petit Nicolas, published by Denoël, whose edition consulted is from 1999; the second is the translation of Marcelo Corção, 1975, published by Artenova. The third was the translation of Martins Fontes Publisher, 1997, signed by Luis Lorenzo Rivera. Both translations are named O pequeno Nicolau. Data analysis highlights the different conceptions of translation work between the two publishers. While Artenova seeks a final result that eliminates the foreign presence in the text, Martins Fontes protects sources, invests and insists on the presence of the foreign culture.

The aim of this study is to see which male norms and ideals are expressed in four selected books for children aged 9–12. Is it just a stereotyped ideal that is represented in the books or can others be found as well? The method used for the analysis is critical discourse analysis, proceeding from a gender perspective. The material I have studied consists of Berts dagbok, Min vän Percys magiska gymnastikskor, Eva & Adam – en midsommarnattsmardröm and Sju förtrollade kvällar. My analysis shows that all the books contain roughly the same ideals and norms but that there is always a character who reflects the male ideal more than the other characters.

[pt] Esta dissertação estabelece um percurso regressivo desde as recentes polê-micas em torno da suposta censura de Caçadas de Pedrinho pelo Conselho Na-cional de Educação e até as primeiras histórias infantis escritas pelo escritor na década de 1920. A primeira parte do percurso esboça as tensões e conflitos em torno da imagem póstuma de Monteiro Lobato e do valor (positivo ou negativo) na segunda metade do século XX. Regredindo, a narrativa ultrapassa a morte do escritor (1948), enfoca sua relação com o público leitor e seu projeto para a litera-tura infantil brasileira no contraste com escritores contemporâneos como Adelina Lopes Vieira e Júlia Lopes de Almeida, Olavo Bilac, Coelho Neto e Manuel Bon-fim, Viriato Corrêa e João do Rio. Finalmente, analisa em detalhes algumas das principais reformulações nas histórias reunidas em Reinações de Narizinho. Du-rante o percurso constata-se a ausência de um estatuto literário consolidado para os livros infantis, a indistinção entre livros escolares e livros para crianças, e o conflito entre dois conceitos distintos de infância: um que valoriza a imaginação e a fantasia e outro que suprime esses aspectos dado o imperativo da colonização da alma infantil pelos valores morais e cívicos do mundo adulto. Concomitantemen-te, todo o trabalho se subordina à discussão central sobre os modos pelos quais os livros infantis se constituem em instrumentos de negociação da infância, e não apenas representações diretas da realidade social. / [en] This dissertation establishes a regressive course from the recent controver-sies about the supposed censorship of the Caçadas de Pedrinho by the National Council of Education even the first children’s stories written by the author in the 1920’s. A first part of the trajectory sketch’s the tensions and conflicts about the post morten image of Monteiro Lobato and the value (positive or negative) on the second half of the 20th century. Going back, the narrative surpasses the death of the author (1948), focus the relationship with the readers and his project for a Bra-zilian infantile literature in a contrast with contemporary writers as Adelina Lopes Vieira and Júlia Lopes de Almeida, Olavo Bilac, Coelho Neto and Manuel Bonfim, Viriato Corrêa and João do Rio. Finally, analyses in detail some of the main reformulations in the assembled stories of Reinações de Narizinho. Along the way it is noticed the absence of a consolidated literary statute for children’s books, the indistinction between school’s and children’s books, and the conflict between two different concepts of infancy: one that values the imagination and fantasy and another that conceals these aspects given the imperative of coloniza-tion of the children’s souls by civic and moral values of the adult world. At the same time, all the work subordinates a central discussion about the ways children books constitutes in instruments of social negotiations of infancy, and not only representations of the same thing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Scognamiglio de Oliveira.pdf: 732646 bytes, checksum: 082def3145edc939ac14b0956b7fae1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study focuses on the analysis of the book The Viscount s well (1937) by José Bento Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948). In order to do so, the point of departure is a discussion of the historical, scientific and philosophical elements that knitted together the context within which this work was written. In this way it was possible to understand that Lobato s true idolatry of the United States, his emphasis on the need to invest in science and particularly, in the extraction of oil as well as his defense of a new model of schools were related to his unconditional patriotism and the dream of Brazil as economically strong as to ensure the wellbeing of all its inhabitants. However, a thorough review of the secondary literature devoted to studies on Lobato s works for children showed a significant lack of approaches holding historical context as an element of paramount importance. In this way, it is concluded that this omission leads to serious distortions in the understanding of the writings of Monteiro Lobato and significantly hinders the accurate assessment of his production. Conversely, by interfacing Science and Literature, it is possible to revise the judgment of many scholars who attached to Monteiro Lobato unfitting labels / O objeto de estudo desta tese concentra-se na análise da obra O poço do Visconde (1937), de José Bento Monteiro Lobato. Referida análise tem como ponto de partida a contextualização do período, por meio da identificação de elementos históricos, científicos e filosóficos que permearam a produção desta obra. A idolatria de Lobato pelos EUA, a necessidade do investimento em ciência, principalmente na extração do petróleo, bem como sua postura em defender um novo modelo de escola, são relacionados ao seu patriotismo incondicional, na defesa econômica de um Brasil que favorecesse a todos. Um exaustivo levantamento bibliográfico acerca das variadas publicações que apresentam como estudo a literatura infantil de Monteiro Lobato, demonstrou uma significativa ausência de abordagem que considere o contexto de produção como componente fundamental para sua apreciação. Esta falta de compromisso desvirtua a compreensão da obra e reduz de maneira considerável o correto julgamento da produção. Com a possibilidade de interface entre Ciência e Literatura, propõe-se uma revisão da postura adotada por vários estudiosos que atribuem a Monteiro Lobato rótulos inadequados

Syftet med examensarbetet är främst att undersöka hur genus framställs i barnlitteratur samt fokusera på bibliotekariens roll i samband med utlåning av barnböcker till förskolan och vårdnadshavare. Som förskollärare ser vi boken som ett pedagogiskt redskap och som ett stöd i ett genusarbete. Vi har erfarenheter av att boken har ett stort användningsområde och de flesta böcker lånas via biblioteket. Därför ser vi att bibliotekarien har en viktig roll för förskolan i deras bokutbud. LpFö98 tar upp genusarbetet som en del av verksamheten, vi anser att det är vår skyldighet att ha kunskap om genus och dess betydelse för kommande generationer. Vi har valt att analysera barnböcker utifrån ett genusperspektiv för att få en inblick i hur könsrollerna framställs. I studien finns en fördjupad del där bibliotekarierna beskriver sin roll för förskolan och deras syn på genus.   Slutsatsen i arbetet är att de stereotypa könsrollerna framhävs till viss del i våra valda barnböcker. Studien tydliggör bibliotekariernas nära samarbete och betydelse för förskolan och vårdnadshavare. Slutligen framkommer bokens betydelse som ett pedagogiskt redskap för barnens identitetsutveckling.

Mitt syfte med denna studie är att undersöka och beskriva hur genus kan konstrueras i barnlitteratur. Studien avhandlar hur genus framställs och konstrueras i två stycken skönlitterära böcker som är skrivna för barn i åldersgruppen 6-9 år. Som metod har jag använt en diskursanalys vilket är en kvalitativ textanalys. Mina resultat visar en ganska stereotyp framställning av genus även om det görs små avsteg från normerna. Jag ser en risk i att barnen kan påverkas av dessa stereotypa framställningar och att de tvingas in i genusordningen utan att få möjlighet att utveckla identiteter med breda genuspositioner. Karaktärerna i min studie visade upp både feminina och maskulina drag vilket jag tror är ett problem som återfinns i alla genusstereotyper och inte enbart i litterära sammanhang Jag upplevde det problematiskt att strikt tolka karaktärerna mot ett motsatsschema. Det jag ändå kom fram till i mina slutsatser är att jag håller med den tidigare forskningen om att värderingar återfinns i barnlitteraturen, samt att den kan både utmana och förstärka normer som finns i samhället.