Dendrimerai yra susintetinti tik maždaug prieš 20 metų. Pirmą kartą šis terminas buvo paminėtas D. A. Tomalios, pirmame straipsnyje apie dendrimerus. Tačiau dendritinės struktūros pavyzdžių mes esame matę kiekvienas. Tai galbūt viena iš labiausiai paplitusių topologijų mūsų planetoje. Daugybė pavyzdžių tokių struktūrų randama ir gyvoje, ir negyvoje gamtoje. Tai ir žaibo struktūra, sniego kristalas, išėdimo (rudžių) frakcija, taip pat medžių šakos ir šaknys, gyvų organizmų kraujagyslių ir nervų sistemos – visa tai dendritinės struktūros (1. Pav.) [15]. Tačiau gamta sukūrė mūsų Visatos materijos sudėtį per 10 – 13 bilijonų metų. Tuo tarpu žmonija molekules pradėjo sintetinti tik prieš 200 metų. Būtent todėl dabartinės galimybės sukurti ir kontroliuoti molekulės sudėtį ir dydį yra lyginamos su tuo, ką demonstruoja gamta. / This work researches two different families of the Liquid Crystal Dendrimers structural and optical features. Different Dendrimers are: G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 generations, with different external chain number: n = 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 which are connected to the peripheral part of the Dendrimer molecule. The measurements are made in three different ways: • Dendrimers dissolved in chloroform • Dendrimers being as a liquid crystal substance • Microscope photo examples The results of the research determines that in the different generation dendrimers’ absorption spectrum the first maximum fits the dendrimer molecule core absorption, the second – the internal part, the third – the absorption of the peripheral part. The results of the research as well determine that the maximum absorption of the internal part of the dendrimer molecule depends on the number of the external chain. This dependence let as come to conclusion that increasing the number of the external chain, the spectrum of absorption of the internal part of the dendrimer‘s molecule displaces to the long wave range. The forthcoming displace of the second family is bigger comparing to the first one. This let as come to the conclusion that the second family is more relevant to use the dendrimer as the substance to catch and/or transport the nano particles or molecules.

The subject of master thesis „The peculiarities of different physical activity, teenagers’ oriental values, personal features and self–esteem”. Problem question: Do adolescent students, who both sport actively and don’t are different in their value orientation, personal features and self–esteem? To measure different value orientations of different physical activity of adolescent students, B. Boss’s (1967) research method was used; to evaluate personal features R. Cattell (1970) research method was used; to evaluate self–esteem Rosenberg (1965) method was used. The adolescent students were grouped into two groups by purpose: 1. teenagers who take active sports (attend gyms, training every day). 2. teenagers who are physically passive (attending just physical training lessons). Two hundred students participated in the research, which had different training activities: 100 students, taking active sports, 100 students – physically passive, among which 100 boys and 100 girls. The hypothesis of the research: 1. Teenagers, who sport actively, are apt to communicate and cooperate less with others (Bredemeir, 1994). 2. Students, who sport actively, have these personal features: feeling of loneliness, reticence (Zagainov, 1984), anxiety, sensitivity (Miškinis, 2002). 3. Teenagers, who sport actively, have higher level of self–esteem, they rely upon themselves more than those who actively passive (Stambulova, 1999; Šukys, 2000; Palujanskienė, 2003). The data of the... [to full text]

This research has been done on the riverside of the Žeimena. This territory belongs to the Pabrade town. After having done the research of flora of herbs on the riverside of the Žeimena in 2001 - 2004 from 43 families and 90 genera there have been inventoried 105 varieties Asteraceae (16), Rosaceae (12 varieties), Lamiaceae (8), Polygonaceae (6), Salicaceae (5), Apiaceae (5) in over families - less than 5 varieties. The varieties of herbs growing in Pabradės forestry are Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Filipendula ulmaria, Urtica dioica; Žeimenos forestry - Vaccinium myrtillus, Fragaria vesca, Achillea millefolium and Filipendula ulmaria; Magūnų forestry - Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Acorus calamus, Padus avium and Urtica dioica. According to active substances for rohich those herbs are being collected 26% of them belong to the essential oil group, 21% to the glucosidic group, 5% to the ferment group, 5% to the nucous group and 4% to the resinous group. Appreciate to the farm meaning 82% have genetic conseąuehce, 15% have local output and 2% have production consequence. In most cases herbs are collected from June till August because of actine substances concentrations in 65% of the herbs during that period of time. In this work has been established a fact that the same species of herbs in Žeimena, Pabradė and Magūnai forestries differ in their morphological and biological characteristics and efficiency, for example, Vaccinium... [to full text]

Šio darbo tikslas buvo ištirti ir įvertinti Lietuvos juodmargių galvijų melžimo savybes, išanalizuoti produktyvumo priklausomybę nuo melžimo savybių. Įvertinus skirtingų tešmens ketvirčių produktyvumą, nustatyta, kad 0,53 kg daugiau pieno primelžta iš užpakalinių ketvirčių nei iš priekinių. Melžimo trukmė iš skirtingų ketvirčių buvo nuo 4,81 min.(priekinis kairys) iki 5,18 min (užpakalinis kairys).Priekiniai ketvirčiai vidutiniškai 0,35 min. išsimelžė greičiau nei užpakaliniai ketvirčiai. Melžimo greitis skirtinguose ketvirčiuose buvo panašus. Melžimo greitis 0,03 kg/min. Didesnis buvo užpakalinių ketvirčių lyginant su priekiniais. Išnagrinėjus skirtingų laktacijos karvių melžimo savybes, nustatyta, kad ilgiausia melžimo trukmė buvo III ir vyresnių laktacijos karvių. Ji buvo 0,09 min. ilgesnė nei visų laktacijos karvių. Mažiausia melžimo trukmė buvo II laktacijos karvių. Ji buvo 0,11 min trumpesnė nei vidutinė visų laktacijos karvių. 0,07 kg/min didesnis melžimo greitis nustatytas II laktacijos karvių lyginant su visų laktacijų karvių vidurkiu. I bei III ir vyresnių laktacijos karvių melžimo greitis 0,02 kg/min mažesnis lyginant su visų laktacijos karvių melžimo greičio vidurkiu. Suskirsčius karves pagal melžimo balus nustatyta, kad didesnis pieno kiekis gautas iš tų karvių kurių melžimo balai aukščiausi. Daugiausia pieno primelžta iš tų karvių, kurių melžimo balas 4. Šių karvių primelžtas pieno kiekis 1,34 kg didesnis nei vidutinis visų karvių pieno kiekis. Lyginant su visų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of work: was to examine and assess the milking qualities of Lithuanian black and white diary cattle, also to analyze the dependence of productivity upon milking qualities. The work was performed in Lithuanian Academy of Veterinary, during Master studies 2006-2008. During the analysis, data of controlled cows’ productivity was analyzed according to accounting information of cattle breeding. Data was statistically analyzed using calculator EXCEL and “R” statistic package. Arithmetical average of features (M), their biases (Se) and characteristics of dispersion – average square deviations (Sd) and variation coefficients (Cv) were calculated. During the analysis we evaluated 28 Lithuanian black and white cows. The Results of Survey: Taking into account the different productivity of each quarter of the udder, it was measured, that from the back parts of udder was milked 0.53 kg more milk than from the front parts. The milking time from different quarters was from 4.81 minutes (front left) to 5.18 minutes (back left). Front quarters were milked 0.35 minutes faster than the back ones. The milking speed in different quarters was almost the same 0.03 kg/min. The speed was higher in the back quarters in comparison with the front ones. After examining the milking qualities of different lactation cows, it was established that the longest milking duration had cows of lactation III and older. It was 0.09 minutes longer than average milking duration of all cows. Lactation II cows had... [to full text]

Paskutiniais dešimtmečiais puslaidininkių fizika vaidino svarbų vaidmenį beveik kiekvienoje šiuolaikinių technologijų srityje. Šiame greitai besikeičiančiame pasaulyje mūsų jau nebetenkina supantys buities ir darbo prietaisai, valdomi naudojantis elektronais. Mums reikalingas didesnis kompiuterių operatyvumas, didesnė atminties talpa, greitesnis telekomunikacinis ryšys, ir todėl reikalingos naujos technologijos bei sprendimai. Naujas žingsnis fotoninės struktūros. Žinių ir technologijų pasiekimai leidžia fotoninių sturktūrų savybes taikyti šviesos valdymui. Dabartiniame optinės fizikos tyrinėjimų etape šviesos sąveika su medžiaga labai aktuali: ji gali atrodyti universali ir invariantiška, kadangi šviesa jau kontroliuojama pasitelkus hibridinius fotoninius kristalus. Šių darinių tyrimai patrauklūs tiek fundamentaliam, tiek taikomajam mokslui. Į opalą infiltravę skystąjį kristalą, gauname hibridinį fotoninį kristalą. Jo optines savybes galima keisti priklausomai nuo infiltruotos medžiagos lūžio rodiklio. Fotoniniai kristalai, reikia tikėtis, bus taikomi ateities fotoniniuose įrenginiuose, telekomunikacijoje. Su šia sritimi siejamos tokios pat ar net didesnės viltys, kokios buvo siejamos su prieš 50 metų išrastu puslaidininkiniu tranzistoriumi, pakeitusiu techniką ir davusiu impulsą naujoms mokslo kryptims. Teoriškai fotoninių kristalų egzistavimą nepriklausomai vienas nuo kito 1987 metais pirmieji aprašė E.Jablonovičius ir S. Johnas. Tačiau prireikė dar dešimt metų, kol buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / We live in the rapidly developing technological world. However, fields of communication, computer memory, and data processing require considerable improvements. The speed of data transportation is acceptable but capacity is low. There is a growing need for new technologies that rapidly detect and treat diseases at an early stage or even pre-stage. When we get accustomed to the advance, we demand more compact, energy-efficient, rapidly-responding and environmentally-safe technologies. During the last century this problem was solved by switching to transportation of electronic data, which connected people around the world. This approach had changed our lives, but about twenty years ago this technology reached its limits, while need for an even higher transportation capacity increases. Now we need faster computers and other state-of-the-art technological solutions: electrons are too slow and we have to use photons. Over the last decade, the steady progress regarding ability to fabricate hybrid photonic nanostructures led to a rich variety of different one-, two-, and three-dimensional dielectric/organic and/or metallic periodic structures. They demonstrate qualitatively new and fascinating linear-optical, nonlinear-optical, and quantum-optical features which provide an unprecedented control of light propagation and light-matter interaction. Photonic-based technology, coupled with nanotechnology, can meet many of these challenges. In this work fabrication of hybrid photonic... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas: įvertinti paršavedžių reprodukcinių savybių indekso (R) kitimą didėjant paršavedžių amžiui. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. įvertinti tiriamųjų paršavedžių reprodukcinių savybių rodiklių kitimą nuo pirmo iki paskutinio apsiparšiavimo; 2. paskaičiuoti reprodukcinių savybių indeksus (R) kiekvienai paršavedei, atskirai kiekvienam apsiparšiavimui; 3. įvertinti reprodukcinių savybių indekso (R) kitimą didėjant apsiparšiavimų skaičiui. / Work goal: the analysis of change of an index of reproductive characteristics of a sow depending on age. For achievement of this goal, raise the following objektives: 1) to estimate change of reproductive characteristics of investigated sows from the first to the last farrows; 2) to calculate indexes (R) reproductive characteristics for each sow, separately on everyone farrow; 3) to estimate index change (R) reproductive characteristics at number increase farrow. The work has been executed in 2008 in the enterprise of pigs of the Kaunas area. It was made 14 groups of sows of breed landrace. Test sows were from first to seventh farrows. The analysis of a reproduction and calculations of an index of a reproduction are executed on everyone farrow (from 1 to 7). For an estimation of efficiency and a reproduction index were analyzed the following indicators: 1. Fertility of sows, in units; 2. Quantity of piglets 21 days old, in units; 3. Weight of nest of piglets 21 days old, in kilo; 4. Quantity of piglets at weaning, in units; 5. Weight of nest of piglets at weaning, in kilo. The analysis of the sow's fertility changes, depending on the quantity of farrows, found that the fertility increased from the first farrow. The lowest fertility was at first pigs sow – 9.93 piglets, the highest fertility was found during the fourth farrow – 10.63 units or 0.70 piglets more that the first farrow. From the fourth farrow was found the tendency of reduction of fertility, i.e. fertility of the... [to full text]

Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo patikrinti kokiais ryšiais yra susiję darbuotojų asmenybės savybių, organizacinės socializacijos ir organizacinio įsipareigojimo konstruktai. Tyrime dalyvavo 172 įvairių organizacijų darbuotojai, iš kurių 58 buvo vyrai ir 112 – moterų. Darbuotojų asmenybės savybės buvo įvertintos naudojant Didžiojo penketo klausimyną, kurį sukūrė John ir kt. (1991). Šiuo klausimynu matuotos ekstraversijos, sutariamumo, sąžiningumo, neurotiškumo ir atvirumo patyrimui asmenybės savybės. Organizacinis įsipareigojimas įvertintas Porter ir kt (1979) organizacinio įsipareigojimo klausimynu. Organizacinė socializacija įvertinta naudojant Taormina (2004) sukurtu ir peržiūrėtu organizacinės socializacijos inventoriumi. Šis inventorius socializaciją matuoja darbo mokymų, supratimo, kaip veikia organizacija, bendradarbių palaikymo bei ateities perspektyvų skalėmis. Pagrindiniai tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog organizacijų darbuotojams taikoma socializacija yra susijusi su organizaciniu įsipareigojimu. Kuo daugiau organizacija taiko socializacijos taktikas, tuo labiau jai įsipareigoję jaučiasi darbuotojai. Kitas svarbus tyrimo rezultatą atskleidė, jog individualiai geriau socializavęsi jaučiasi tie darbuotojai, kurie pasižymi ekstraversija, sutariamumu, sąžiningumu bei atvirumu patyrimui. / The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among employees’ personality traits, organizational socialization and organizational commitment. The participants of the present study were 172 employees (58 men and 112 women), working in various organizations. Employees’ personality traits were assessed with Big Five Inventory, developed by John et al. (1991), which included extraversion, agreeableness, consciousness, openness to experience and neurotism scales. Organizational commitment was assessed with Porter et al. (1979) organizational commitment questionnaire. Organizational socialization was assessed with organizational socialization inventory, developed and revised by Taormina (2004). This inventory included training, understanding, coworker support and future prospects. The general findings of the study indicated that employees’ socialization applied in organizations is significantly related to organizational commitment. Results showed that more socialization tactics organization applied, more their employees were committed to this organization. Another finding showed, employees that are more extraverts, agreeable, conscious and open to experience are likely to feel more socialized to organizations.

Darbe analizuojamas akmenų pritaikymas šiuolaikinėje sodyboje, akmenų daugiafunkciškumas ir originalumas, akmenų panuadojimas senosiose lietuvių sodybose, jų cheminės bei fizikinės savybės, išskiriamas didžiausių akmenų dešimtukas ir įdomesni piešiniai ir įspaudai ant akmenų. Pateikiama Orvidų šiuolaikinės sodybos analizė. / In the bachelor’s Thesis, there is analysed adaptation of stones in a modern homestead, the multi-functionality and originality of stones, using of stones in old Lithuanian homesteads, their chemical and physical qualities, the top ten of the biggest stones is distinguished as well as the most interesting drawings and indentations on stones. The analysis of the modern homestead of the Orvidai is presented.

Topicality of the research. In compiling digital terrain models (DTM) as well as in evaluating them there are widely applied mathematical statistical measuring data processing and analysis methods. However in compiling digital models of relief and evaluating them there are certain peculiarities in mathematical statistical data application. These peculiarities are caused by the fact that relief modeling as well as analysis is considered to belong to the group of geostatic problems. The latter are peculiar for the initial results of measuring which are medium between purely random and purely determined sizes. In solving geo-statistical problems, one has to make use of regionalized data, the stochastic characteristics are the functions of geographic positions of the territory. In modeling the relief the surface geomorphologic peculiarities determine the characteristics of the functions of geographical position. Theoretical grounding of the methods used in modeling the relief surface (e.g., kriging, spline, invert distance weight (IDW), polynomal) is based on the statistical analysis of the random values. Due to the fact that the characteristics of geo-statistical measuring data are preconditioned by the geographic position, not in all territories there are equally suitable certain methods of modeling and parameters of modeling algorithms. The mentioned above reasons determine the fact that there do not exist unified digital terrain modeling methods and types, to be equally well... [to full text]

The study presents evaluation of pig genetic markers (MHS and MC4R) associated with performance traits in the Lithuanian White pig breed. The study presents a direct approach the testing and explanation of the quantitative part of the trait and QTL with marker based on estimated breeding values in the Lithuanian White population. Information about the strategies for association analysis and improvement can be applied for further characterization of the Lithuanian White population. The use of breeding values instead of single measurements reduces the bias in the recorded performance traits, therefore, the results obtained by using the marker for the Lithuanian White population gives animal breeders the opportunities for realization of a short-term goal in their selection criteria.