Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Tadeu de Souza.pdf: 589010 bytes, checksum: c2d6046b6148efe03f72fd16fa7b513f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This aims at studying the contemporary democratic theory, specifically, the study of theory elitist democracy of Joseph Schumpeter. The democratic theory and after World War II was decisively influenced by the ideas of democracy of Joseph Schumpeter. This means that the discipline of political science was also influenced by the ideas of democracy elitist of Schumpeter. The theory of Schumpeter on democracy sought resolve the question of how to limit the participation and assistance from the man of the people in the decisions of state. To answer this Schumpeter draws on some variables. Among those highlighted the parameters of the English parliamentary system and functionality of the social democrat parties. These two variables allowed Joseph Schumpeter to define democracy as an institutional method that allows the selection of leaders through the fight for votes of the people. Several authors and democratic currents had criticized the theory of limited democracy in the Austro-American economist, for example: the participativistas Carole Pateman and Peter Bachrach and deliberativista Jürgen Habermas, but all were inadequate. So I chose undertake this critical study from the Marxist political theory, more precisely the Marxist theory that was contemporary with Joseph Schumpeter, namely the Marxist theory of the beginning of this century. This is also justified by the fact that Schumpeter himself in his work "Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy" undertakes a critique of Marxist socialism to build his theory of democracy based on leadership and the exclusion of people from politics. Our method was to analyse the main points of the central text of "Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy", namely the text of Part IV - "Socialism and Democracy." We also use as a method historical research-politician who served on Schumpeter to build their own theory. Our hypothesis is that the theory of democratic leadership of Joseph Schumpeter was an attempt to develop a conceptual structure that would allow the continuation of the unstable equilibrium of the bourgeois domination / O presente tem como objetivo o estudo da teoria democrática contemporânea, especificamente, o estudo da teoria elitista da democracia de Joseph Schumpeter. A teoria democrática após e Segunda Guerra Mundial foi influenciada decisivamente pelas concepções de democracia de Joseph Schumpeter. Isto significa dizer que a disciplina de ciência política foi influenciada também, pelas concepções da democracia elitista de Schumpeter. A teoria de Schumpeter sobre a democracia buscou resolver à questão de como limitar a participação e intervenção do homem do povo nas decisões de Estado. Para responder isto Schumpeter recorre a algumas variáveis. Dentre estas destacamos os parâmetros do regime parlamentar inglês e a funcionalidade dos partidos social-democratas. Estas duas variáveis permitiram a Joseph Schumpeter a definir democracia como um método institucional que permite a seleção de lideres através da luta pelos votos do povo. Diversos autores e correntes democráticas haviam criticado a teoria restrita de democracia do economista austro-americano, como por exemplo: os participativistas Carole Pateman e Peter Bachrach e o deliberativista Jürgen Habermas; mas todas se mostraram insuficientes. Por isso escolhemos empreender este estudo crítico a partir da teoria política marxista, mais precisamente da teoria marxista que foi contemporânea a Joseph Schumpeter, ou seja, a teoria marxista do começo do século XX. Isto se justifica também pelo fato de que o próprio Schumpeter em sua obra Capitalismo, Socialismo e Democracia empreende uma crítica ao socialismo marxista para construir sua teoria da democracia baseada na liderança e na exclusão do povo da política. Nosso método consistiu em analisar os pontos principais do texto central de Capitalismo, Socialismo e Democracia , a saber, o texto da Parte IV - Socialismo e Democracia . Também utilizamos como método investigações histórico-político que serviram ao próprio Schumpeter para construir sua teoria. Nossa hipótese é que a teoria da liderança democrática de Joseph Schumpeter era uma tentativa de elaborar uma estrutura conceitual que permitisse a manutenção do equilíbrio instável do regime de dominação burguês

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Serviço Social, 2011. / Submitted by Matheus Denezine (matheusdenezine@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-06-17T16:10:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_RicardoGonçalvesdaSilva.pdf: 1178042 bytes, checksum: 9b4c2c350abc8ce88fff1c9f925df18e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marília Freitas(marilia@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-17T16:17:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_RicardoGonçalvesdaSilva.pdf: 1178042 bytes, checksum: 9b4c2c350abc8ce88fff1c9f925df18e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-17T16:17:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_RicardoGonçalvesdaSilva.pdf: 1178042 bytes, checksum: 9b4c2c350abc8ce88fff1c9f925df18e (MD5) / A reestruturação das políticas sociais, como consequência do desmonte dos direitos sociais apresenta-se como um dos principais problemas associado ao processo de reestruturação das formas de produzir e dos modos de organizar e gerir o trabalho não somente no Brasil, mas em quase todo o mundo. Esse processo vem ocorrendo, de modo mais efetivo, desde a década de 1980, no bojo das transformações desencadeadas pela crise capitalista dos anos 1970 e pela expansão do neoliberalismo, dentre os quais ressalta o trânsito do regime de produção keynesiano/fordista para o regime de produção pós-keynesyano/pós-fordista, ancorado nas idéias empreendedoristas schumpterianas e no bem-estar como produto do mérito individual e não mais como direito social; ou melhor, ressalta a passagem do welfare (bem-estar como direito incondicional) para o workfare (bem-estar em troca de trabalho), a qual constitui o objeto de interesse desta tese. No contexto dessa problemática, tem-se como objetivo geral detectar os efeitos concretos sobre a política social da passagem do welfare para o workfare, efeitos estes associados às mudanças na relação entre Estado e sociedade e entre a economia de mercado, incluindo o mercado de trabalho, e a política de trabalho, caracterizada pela precarização, desorganização trabalhista, crescente (des)assalariamento e reduzida proteção social pública. Sendo este um evento de proporções mundiais, o seu estudo requereu investigação de suas principais características e tendências, a partir dos países capitalistas avançados, bem como das teorias que o fundamentam e justificam, para identificar a sua presença inclusive no Brasil. Todavia, no contexto brasileiro, a presença dessa transição foi apresentada como ilustração, elegendo-se como caso exemplar o que melhor traduz o ideário workfariano tributário de Schumpeter – a experiência do Sistema Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE). Na revisão de literatura, procurou-se avançar no debate referente à construção conceitual da noção de welfare e workfare; especificar a diferenças entre ambas e contrapor os seus fundamentos e paradigmas. No campo particular das políticas sociais, salientou-se a sua atual função de ativar os demandantes da proteção social do Estado para o trabalho precário, mal pago e desprotegido, revelando a sua tendência à laboração em vez de assistencialização, como vêm sendo diagnosticado. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The restructuring of social policies, as consequence of the disassemble of social rights is one of the main problems related to the process of restructuring the ways to produce and the ways to organize and manage labor not only in Brazil, but in almost all over the world. This process has been happening, more effectively, since the 1980‘s, in the midst of the transformations initiated by the capitalist crises of the 1970‘s and by the expansion of neoliberalism, among them highlights the move from the Keynesian / Fordist Regime of Production to the post-Keynesian / post-Fordist Regime of Production, anchored in the entrepreneurial Schumpeterian ideas and also in the well-being as a result of individual merit and not more as a social right; or rather, it highlights the passage from the welfare (well-being as an unconditional right) to the workfare (well-being as a result of work), which is the object of interest of this thesis. In the context of this problematic, the main objective of this thesis is to detect the concrete effects on social policy of the passage from the welfare to the workfare, effects that are linked to the changes in the relation between State and society and also between the market economy, including the work market, and the policy of work, characterized by the precariousness, labor disorganization, increasing wage unemployment and reduced public social protection. As it is an event of global proportion, its study required an investigation of its main features and trends, of the advanced capitalist countries as well as the theories that substantiate and justify it, in order to find its presence even in Brazil. Nevertheless, in the Brazilian context, the presence of this transition was presented as an illustration, selecting as exemplary case that translates it better the tributary workfare ideas of Schumpeter – the experience of the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE). In the review of literature, we aimed to advance in the debate about the conceptual building of the welfare and workfare notion; to specify the differences between them and compare their fundaments and paradigms. In the particular field of social policies, we highlighted their current function of activating the applicants of State social protection to the precarious, badly-paid and unprotected work, revealing its trend to the laborization instead of assistentialization, as it has been diagnosed.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the level of democracy within the European Union (EU). To do so the following issues were examined: How the EU works and the efforts it has made to improve levels of democracy; and the degree to which the EU fulfils the criteria set by Robert Dahl in his theory of polyarchy. The study is based on a qualitative text analysis. The focus of the analysis is documents released by the EU that can be connected to democracy, and human and fundamental rights. The theory of polyarchy proposed by Robert Dahl and Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of democracy are the principal theories applied. The thesis also includes theories about democracy within the EU prior to this study. The result and conclusion after studying the documents in the light of the theories of Dahl and Schumpeter suggest that the EU could be more democratic than it is at present. The movement towards becoming more democratic is in progress but needs more time. The fundamental criterion, i.e. that citizens should to be able to choose the holders of a particular position, is weak in the EU because there are only general elections to the European Parliament, which is just one of the three main institutions.

Qu’est-ce qui détermine la survie et le succès des organisations à travers les différents régimes institutionnels? La présente étude tente à répondre à la question en analysant l’évolution d'une institution médicale publique russe, c. à. d. l'Institution de l'Etat Fédéral « Le Complexe Intersectoriel de Recherche et Technologie « Microchirurgie de l'Œil » de Rosmedtechnologie. L’étude s’étend sur quatre périodes bien définies: 1960-1985 (la Russie Soviétique, la période de pré-perestroïka), 1986-1991 (la perestroïka de Gorbatchev), 1992-2000 (la transition), et 2001-2009 (la Russie actuelle, la période post-Fyodorov). L’analyse se centre sur une coévolution des institutions externes et de la structure organisationnelle de l'entreprise, le système de droits de propriété, les tendances d'innovation et les canaux de diffusion technologique. Les conclusions suggèrent que l'environnement institutionnel général exerce une influence sur la performance de l'entreprise en déterminant « les règles du jeu » pour les transactions économiques et en établissant un ensemble de possibilités de développement. C'est alors les processus internes à l'entreprise, ses compétences dynamiques et sa capacité à innover qui déterminent si l'organisation peut s'adapter aux changements externes, reconnaître les possibilités de développement et en profiter. Par ailleurs, la direction (le leadership), le type de technologie et le niveau de sa diffusion, l’initial soutien de l'Etat, de même que la demande jouent un rôle apparent pour soutenir la performance réussie. Une structure multi-niveaux des récompenses de performance en combinaison avec les méthodes de traitement innovatrices (c. à. d. l’usage d’un conveyor chirurgical et la production en brigades) ont amené à des volumes de procédures cliniques performées plus élevées, de même que la qualité, la complexité et la diversité de traitement plus élevées. D’autant plus, pendant les étapes plus anciennes du développement de l’entreprise, la présence des inventeurs prolifiques et la structure organisationnelle qui soutenait l’apprentissage, la production et l’accumulation des connaissances (le cycle « clinique – ingénierie – approbation – production – clinique ») étaient cruciaux pour la création d’une base d’innovation persistante. Pendant les périodes plus récentes, la combinaison d’accès aux ressources (matérielles, financières, capital humain), les collaborations externes, les méthodes innovatrices d’organisation de traitement, la diffusion extensive des technologies inter- et intra-firme ont aussi contribué à des hauts niveaux d’innovation. Au total, le travail soutient une approche interdisciplinaire à l’étude des organisations, c. à. d. une combinaison de l'analyse institutionnelle, l’économie évolutionnaire et l’économie dynamique d’organisations, le management stratégique, l’économie d'innovation, l’analyse des droits de propriété et le rôle de leadership. / What determines organizational survival and success across different institutional regimes? The present historical case study attempts to answer the question by analyzing the evolution of a Russian state medical institution, i.e. the S.N. Fyodorov “Inter-Sectoral Research and Technology Complex “Eye Microsurgery””. The study spans over four clearly defined regimes: 1960 – 1985 (Soviet Russia, pre-perestroika period), 1986 – 1991 (Gorbachev’s perestroika), 1992 – 2000 (the transition years), and 2001 – 2009 (current Russia, post-Fyodorov period). The analysis focuses on the co-evolution of the external institutions and the firm’s organizational structure, the system of property rights, innovation patterns and the channels of technological diffusion. The findings suggest that the general institutional environment exerts influence on the firm’s performance through determining the “rules of the game” for economic transactions and through establishing a set of development possibilities. It is then the firm’s internal processes, dynamic competences and the ability to innovate that determine whether the organization can adapt to external changes, recognize the development possibilities and take advantage of them. In addition, the roles of leadership, the type of technology and its diffusion scope, initial State support, as well as the extent of demand are apparent in sustaining successful performance. Multi-level high performance rewards structure in combination with novel industrialized treatment methods (e.g. the use of a surgical conveyer and team production) resulted in greater volumes of clinical procedures performed, as well as higher quality, complexity and diversity of treatment. In addition, at the earlier stages of the firm’s development, the presence of prolific innovators and the organizational structure that supported learning, knowledge production and accumulation (the “clinic – engineering – approbation – production – clinic” cycle) were crucial for creating a basis for persistent innovation. In later periods, the combination of resource availability (material, financial, human capital), external collaborations, novel ways of organizing treatment, extensive inter and intra-firm diffusion of technologies also contributed to high levels of innovation. Overall, the work provides support for an interdisciplinary approach to the study of organizations, i.e. combining institutional analysis, evolutionary and dynamic organizational economics, strategic management, the economics of innovation, the analysis of property rights and the role of leadership.

A partir do início do século XXI, a nanociência e a nanotecnologia passaram a fazer parte de políticas de desenvolvimento por parte de Estados nacionais, principalmente os países do centro do sistema capitalista. As potencialidades trazidas pelas possíveis aplicações científicas e industriais da escala nano orientaram seu desenvolvimento em duas frentes: uma dedicada às aplicações e adaptações no ambiente econômico e outra interessada na análise dos impactos sociais de seu uso. Neste contexto, o trabalho inicia-se identificando os conceitos em disputa para a formação de sua ordem jurídica. Em seguida, identifica as principais questões sociais e econômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das estratégias nacionais de nanotecnologia, analisando as políticas de desenvolvimento americana e japonesa para, posteriormente, estudar a política brasileira de nanotecnologia. O contorno teórico do tema baseia-se, do ponto de vista econômico, nas obras de Joseph A. Schumpeter e Celso Furtado e, do ponto de vista do direito, pela aplicação do direito econômico como método capaz de apreender a economia política inserida na forma jurídica. Assim, a análise da política brasileira é feita a fim de identificar as possibilidades de superação do desafio furtadiano, com vistas à autonomia tecnológica e homogeneização social. / From the beginning of the 21st century, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become part of nations development policies, particularly from countries in the center of the capitalist system. The potential brought by possible scientific and industrial applications of the nanoscale guided its development towards two fronts: one dedicated to applications and adaptations in the economic environment and the other interested in the analysis of the social impacts of its use. In this context, this work begins by identifying the concepts in dispute in order to form its legal system. Then, it identifies the social and economic key issues related to the development of nanotechnology national strategies, analyzing the development policies from USA and Japan, to, subsequently, study the Brazilian nanotechnology policy. From the economical standpoint, the theoretical outline of the subject is based on the theories of Joseph A. Schumpeter and Celso Furtado and then, from the standpoint of law, it is based on the application of economic law as a method capable of understanding the political economy embedded in the legal form. Thus, the analysis of Brazilian politics is done in order to identify the possibilities to overcome Furtados challenge, aiming at technological autonomy and social homogenization.

A partir do início do século XXI, a nanociência e a nanotecnologia passaram a fazer parte de políticas de desenvolvimento por parte de Estados nacionais, principalmente os países do centro do sistema capitalista. As potencialidades trazidas pelas possíveis aplicações científicas e industriais da escala nano orientaram seu desenvolvimento em duas frentes: uma dedicada às aplicações e adaptações no ambiente econômico e outra interessada na análise dos impactos sociais de seu uso. Neste contexto, o trabalho inicia-se identificando os conceitos em disputa para a formação de sua ordem jurídica. Em seguida, identifica as principais questões sociais e econômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das estratégias nacionais de nanotecnologia, analisando as políticas de desenvolvimento americana e japonesa para, posteriormente, estudar a política brasileira de nanotecnologia. O contorno teórico do tema baseia-se, do ponto de vista econômico, nas obras de Joseph A. Schumpeter e Celso Furtado e, do ponto de vista do direito, pela aplicação do direito econômico como método capaz de apreender a economia política inserida na forma jurídica. Assim, a análise da política brasileira é feita a fim de identificar as possibilidades de superação do desafio furtadiano, com vistas à autonomia tecnológica e homogeneização social. / From the beginning of the 21st century, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become part of nations development policies, particularly from countries in the center of the capitalist system. The potential brought by possible scientific and industrial applications of the nanoscale guided its development towards two fronts: one dedicated to applications and adaptations in the economic environment and the other interested in the analysis of the social impacts of its use. In this context, this work begins by identifying the concepts in dispute in order to form its legal system. Then, it identifies the social and economic key issues related to the development of nanotechnology national strategies, analyzing the development policies from USA and Japan, to, subsequently, study the Brazilian nanotechnology policy. From the economical standpoint, the theoretical outline of the subject is based on the theories of Joseph A. Schumpeter and Celso Furtado and then, from the standpoint of law, it is based on the application of economic law as a method capable of understanding the political economy embedded in the legal form. Thus, the analysis of Brazilian politics is done in order to identify the possibilities to overcome Furtados challenge, aiming at technological autonomy and social homogenization.

Embora os direitos de Propriedade Intelectual (PI) sejam supostamente instituídos de forma a fomentar a inovação e o bem-estar em longo prazo, seu uso pode ensejar comportamentos oportunistas e abusivos como os Artigos 8.2 e 40 do TRIPS expressamente admitem. Sempre que tal tipo de comportamento afetar a concorrência em determinado mercado excluindo concorrentes, impondo barreiras à entrada, prejudicando consumidores por meio de aumento de preços ou redução da oferta o Direito de Concorrência será chamado a intervir. Considerando tais questões, o objetivo desse trabalho é identificar um quadro de trabalho brasileiro para tratar de questões envolvendo questões de Direito de Concorrência relacionadas à Propriedade Intelectual. O autor buscou delinear os conceitos de uso abusivo de direitos de Propriedade Intelectual, Dominação de Mercado por meio de uso da Propriedade Intelectual e de abuso de posição dominante, considerando o novo quadro regulatório introduzido pela Lei 12.259/2001. / While intellectual property (IP) rights are usually claimed to be designed to foster innovation and welfare in the long run, their use may give rise to opportunistic, abusive behavior - as Articles 8.2 and 40 of TRIPS openly admit. Whenever such sort of behavior affects competition in a given market - whether by dislodging competitors, imposing barriers to entry, harming costumers, raising prices or reducing output - competition law is called to intervene. Considering these issues, the purpose of this paper is to identify a Brazilian legal framework for dealing with IP related competition issues. The author sought to draw the legal concepts of abusive of IP rights, market domination and abuse of dominant position considering the new regulatory framework introduced by Law 12.259/2011.

Embora os direitos de Propriedade Intelectual (PI) sejam supostamente instituídos de forma a fomentar a inovação e o bem-estar em longo prazo, seu uso pode ensejar comportamentos oportunistas e abusivos como os Artigos 8.2 e 40 do TRIPS expressamente admitem. Sempre que tal tipo de comportamento afetar a concorrência em determinado mercado excluindo concorrentes, impondo barreiras à entrada, prejudicando consumidores por meio de aumento de preços ou redução da oferta o Direito de Concorrência será chamado a intervir. Considerando tais questões, o objetivo desse trabalho é identificar um quadro de trabalho brasileiro para tratar de questões envolvendo questões de Direito de Concorrência relacionadas à Propriedade Intelectual. O autor buscou delinear os conceitos de uso abusivo de direitos de Propriedade Intelectual, Dominação de Mercado por meio de uso da Propriedade Intelectual e de abuso de posição dominante, considerando o novo quadro regulatório introduzido pela Lei 12.259/2001. / While intellectual property (IP) rights are usually claimed to be designed to foster innovation and welfare in the long run, their use may give rise to opportunistic, abusive behavior - as Articles 8.2 and 40 of TRIPS openly admit. Whenever such sort of behavior affects competition in a given market - whether by dislodging competitors, imposing barriers to entry, harming costumers, raising prices or reducing output - competition law is called to intervene. Considering these issues, the purpose of this paper is to identify a Brazilian legal framework for dealing with IP related competition issues. The author sought to draw the legal concepts of abusive of IP rights, market domination and abuse of dominant position considering the new regulatory framework introduced by Law 12.259/2011.

The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the circumstances and transition of the socio-economic system of the Russian Federation. It is also focused on the regional economy of Sverdlovsk region as a socio-economic subsystem. Uralmash plant is presented here as an example of an economic player in a process of transition. The thesis is based on several specific theories: socio-economic system and its transition, evolution of the economic systems by J. Schumpeter, social choice between chaos and dictatorship based on the new comparative economics, regionalist theory and corporate finance. It is chosen comparative-historical and empirical-statistical methodology. The main finding of the thesis is the inability of the socio-economic system of the USSR to continue in development as a result of dictatorship. However, the new Russian economy fell into a structural shift. The contribution of the thesis is a comprehensive view on transition process in Russia both at national and at regional and local level. Both theoretical and practical sites of transition are reflected. Not only macroeconomic but also microeconomic point of view is taken into account.