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To be at one's best : The evolution of Optimal Functionality and its possible implementation in an ICT-platformAlgilani, Samal January 2016 (has links)
At the Nutrition and Physical Activity Research Centre for Optimal Health and Functionality through Life (NUPARC), a research gap was uncovered regarding the concept optimal functionality based on the older adult’s own perspective. The overall aim was to explore the concept of optimal functionality among older adults and the possibility of creating and developing an ICT-platform to measure it. Method: An existing cohort from NUPARC was used for recruitment in studies I-III and to some extent study IV. A scoping study design and framework was adopted for the inclusion of the articles in Study I. Study II had a descriptive design. Six focus group discussions were conducted and analysed using qualitative deductive content analysis to extend the qualitative understanding. Study III used a phenomenological approach describing the experience of mental health and its impact on the ability to function as optimally as possible. Six interviews were analysed using Giorgi’s phenomenological approach. Study IV was a feasibility study and included 8 older adults using an ICTplatform for a period of four weeks. Results: Optimal Functionality comprises three major corner stones: Body-related factors, Self-related factors and External factors (I) accompanied by nine aspects, and according to older adults it is a matter of functioning as optimally as possible (II). The three major cornerstones are intricately linked and all but the mental aspects were included in the discussions (II). Life situations affecting mental health, consequences of mental health and strategies for maintaining good mental health were described by older adults as having an impact on mental health and affecting their ability to function as optimally as possible (III). The older adults managed the usage of an ICT-tool well and it was perceived as meaningful (IV). Conclusion: Optimal functionality is holistic, subjective, dynamic and applicable to all older adults. Identification of the factors involved can help the older adults on their path to health. An ICT-platform can facilitate the identification of the factors for optimal functionality and the eventual measurement of it.
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Influence of the Kinaesthetics care conception during patient handling on the development of musculoskeletal complaints and diseases - A scoping reviewFreiberg, Alice, Girbig, Maria, Euler, Ulrike, Scharfe, Julia, Nienhaus, Albert, Freitag, Sonja, Seidler, Andreas 06 February 2017 (has links)
The Kinaesthetics care conception is a nursing approach for patient handling which aims to prevent work-related complaints and diseases. The evidence about the influence of Kinaesthetics on musculoskeletal disorders among persons who handle patients is unclear to date. The purposes of the scoping review are to gain insight into the current state of research regarding the clinical effectiveness of Kinaesthetics (in terms of perceived exertion and musculoskeletal complaints) among persons who handle patients and to identify potential research gaps. A scoping review was conducted. The search strategy comprised a systematic search in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL), a hand search, a fast forward search (Web of Science) and a Google scholar-search. The review process was carried out independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed for all studies using three methodological main categories (reporting quality, internal validity, external validity). Thirteen studies with different study designs were included. Seven studies investigated musculoskeletal complaints and nine studies the perceived exertion of nursing staff. Most studies were of very low methodology. Most studies reported a decrease of musculoskeletal complaints and perceived exertion due to Kinaesthetics. In conclusion, there is only little evidence of very low quality about the effectiveness of Kinaesthetics. Out of the studies it could be assumed that Kinaesthetics may decrease the patient handling related perceived exertion and musculoskeletal pain of persons who handle patients. But an overestimation of these results is likely, due to inadequate methodology of included studies. As a result, no clear recommendations about the effectiveness of the Kinaesthetics care conception can be made yet. Since a research gap was shown, further high quality intervention studies are necessary for clarifying the effectiveness of Kinaesthetics.
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Physical activity interventions and depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents : a scoping reviewLindbohm, Saara January 2022 (has links)
Background: Anxiety and depression disorders among adolescents are increasing globally and seriously endanger their health and quality of life. Having anxiety or depressive symptoms in adolescence can have serious consequences and even increase the risk of later adult disorder. Physical activity could be a good way to prevent this. However, an updated review on how and why physical activity interventions may be relevant for reducing and preventing symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents is needed. This study aims to study physical activity interventions that focus on the symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents. Methods: To bring together previous scientific research, a scoping literature review has been applied. A search was performed in PubMed database to identify studies and meta-analyses meeting the inclusion criteria. Finally references from recent published systematic reviews and meta-analysis were checked. Results: The search yielded a total of 5,091 records with additional 56 records identified through other meta-analyses and reviews. A total of fifteen articles were included for the final review. Most of the included studies showed that there was a significant difference in depressive score after the physical activity intervention. An improvement in anxiety symptoms was identified as well. Overall, 15-60 minutes of aerobics exercise 2-3 times/week, for a minimum of 8 weeks, led to feeling less anxious and depressive. In conclusion, physical activity interventions may be very beneficial for decreasing both depressive and anxiety levels among adolescents.
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Från deltagande till delaktighet inom övervikt- och fetmaprevention riktad till barn : -En scopingstudieHagstrand, Lina January 2019 (has links)
Förekomsten av övervikt och fetma hos barn ökar i världen trots insatser. Studier visar att förebyggande interventioner för barn och unga har blygsam effekt. Deltagarbaserad forskning har visat sig vara ett sätt att hitta hållbara lösningar inom hälsointerventioner. Övergripande kunskap saknas dock om hur deltagandet för barn och vuxna kan tillämpas inom deltagarbaserade övervikt- och fetmainterventioner riktade till barn. Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga deltagandet inom deltagarbaserad övervikt- och fetmaprevention riktad till barn. Hur tillämpas deltagande inom deltagarbaserad övervikt- och fetmaprevention? I vilken utsträckning deltar barnen? En litteraturbaserad design användes enligt Arksey och O’Malley’s ramverk för scoping review, som innebär fem steg; identifiera forskningsfrågan, identifiera relevanta studier, val av studier, kartläggning av data samt samla in, summera och rapportera resultat. Studier till resultatet samlades in från databaserna Medline, Academic Search Elite, Cinahl och Scopus samt via manuella sökningar. Inklusionkriterier var peer-reviewed, empiriska studier med fokus på interventioner mot förebyggande av övervikt/fetma för barn och unga (0–18 år) samt med en deltagande ansats med föräldrar, barn eller samhälle. Studier på annat språk än engelska eller svenska, som inte fokuserade på förebyggande interventioner mot övervikt/fetma för barn och som inte tydligt definierat studien som deltagarbaserad exkluderades. Sökningen resulterade initialt i 995 artiklar. Urvalsprocessen med vidare granskning resulterade slutligen i 34 studier som inkluderades i denna studie. Graden av delaktighet analyserades vidare med Shier’s Modell, som innebär 5 steg; 1. barn blir lyssnade på, 2. barn stöds i att uttrycka sina åsikter, 3. barns åsikter beaktas, 4. barn är involverade i beslutsprocessen, 5. barn delar makt och ansvar för att ta beslut”. Resultatet visade att de flesta interventioner skedde i skolan. Både föräldrar, barn, lärare och samhället involverades i olika grad och inom olika metoder. Flera studier rapporterade dock deltagandet bristfälligt. I 12 studier exkluderades barn som deltagare. När barn deltog var det ofta äldre barn i tonåren. Vid analys av barns deltagande med Shier’s Modell var flest studier inom steg 4 (deltagande i beslut, n= 7) och steg 3(konsultation, n=7) följt av steg 5 (delat ansvar och makt, n=6). Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att mer utförligt beskriva den deltagande processen, involvera yngre barn samt undersöka hur barn upplever sitt deltagande, för att skapa ett meningsfullt deltagande. Prevention för övervikt och fetma kräver innovativa lösningar och fokus inom framtida studier bör vara på att öppna upp för deltagande genom en deltagande utgångspunkt, att skapa möjligheter genom tillräckliga resurser och passande metoder samt att inkludera deltagandet som en inbyggd policy genom arbetsprocessen. / The prevalence of overweigth and obesity in children is increasing in the world despite efforts. Studies show that preventive interventions for children and young people have a modest effect. Participatory research has proven to be a way to find sustainable solutions in health interventions. However, there is no comprehensive knowledge on how participation for children and adults can be applied within participant-based obesity interventions targeting children.The purpose of this study was to map participation in participant-based obesity prevention targeting children. How is participation in participant-based obesity prevention applied? To what extent do the children participate? A literature-based design was used according to Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, which involves five steps; identifying the research issue, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, charting data, and collecting, summarizing and reporting results. Studies for the results were collected from the databases Medline, Academic Search Elite, Cinahl and Scopus as well as through manual searches. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed, empirical studies focusing on interventions to prevent obesity for children and adolescents (0–18 years) and with a participatory approach with parents, children or society. Studies in languages other than English or Swedish, studies which did not focus on preventive interventions against obesity for children and studies that did not clearly define the study as participant-based, were excluded. The search initially resulted in 995 articles. The selection process with further examination finally resulted in 34 studies that are included in this study. The degree of participation was further analyzed with Shier's Model, which involves 5 steps; 1. children are listened to, 2. children are supported in expressing their opinions, 3. children's opinions are taken into account, 4. children are involved in the decision-making process, 5. children share power and responsibility in making decisions. The result showed that most interventions took place in school. Both parents, children, teachers and society were involved to varying degrees and within different methods. Several studies reported the participation poorly. In 12 studies, children were excluded as participants. When children participated, they were often older, in their teens. When analyzing children´s participation with Shiers’s Model, most studies were in step 4 (participation in decisions, n=7) and step 3 (consultation, n= 7) followed by step 5 (shared responsibility and power, n=6). Future research should focus on more fully describing the participatory process, involving younger children and examining how children experience their participation, in order to create meaningful participation. Prevention for obesity requires innovative solutions and the focus of future studies should be on opening up for participation through a participatory starting point, creating opportunities through adequate resources and appropriate methods, and including participation as an embedded policy through the work process.
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Les approches de synthèse exploratoire dans le domaine de la santéAsseke, Didier De Lunick 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Scientometric Analysis and Scoping Review on Healthcare Systems’ Sustainability during the COVID-19 PandemicPaik, Seung-A January 2021 (has links)
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic calls attention to the importance of sustainable healthcare systems. Frail healthcare systems can become overwhelmed during public health crises, further exacerbating the human, economic, and political toll. Significant work has been done to describe the general attribute of sustainability and resilience in healthcare systems during crises. The next step would be to identify the research domains that has been highlighted during COVID-19 pandemic in order to reflect and achieve further sustainability in healthcare systems. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify recurring themes, research domains and capacities needed to maintain healthcare systems’ sustainability in COVID-19 outbreak. Until 13 December 2020, six electronic databases were searched using specific keywords such as ‘sustainability,’ ‘resilience,’ and ‘surge capacity’ in ‘healthcare systems.’ Peer-reviewed articles went through a scientometric analysis mapping research fields, domains, study destinations and keywords. Results: 104 studies met the inclusion criteria – majority (75%) focused on medical research followed by interdisciplinary (12%), social science (5%), and environment studies (5%). Originally identified domains of healthcare systems’ sustainability research included ‘capacity calculation,’ ‘telehealth,’ ‘environment,’ ‘inequity,’ ‘data,’ ‘holistic nexus planning,’ ‘social & environmental risk factor,’ ‘transport connectivity,’ and ‘vulnerability.’ Conclusion: This scoping review represents a systematic assessment of the research domains of healthcare systems’ sustainability during COVID-19 pandemic. Further refined and broadened sustainability framework is required so that healthcare systems can simultaneously achieve sustainable transformations in healthcare practice and health service delivery as well as improve their preparedness for emergencies.
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The (In)Coherence of Canadian Education Policy Regimes with the United Nations' Refugee Education StrategySchutte, Valerie Rose 21 December 2020 (has links)
This thesis by article contains three chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of recent developments in global refugee education policy to situate Refugee Education 2030, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ current international refugee education strategy, within global policy initiatives. It then reviews the literature on refugee education policy that informed the development of a methodology of vertical policy coherence analysis with Refugee Education 2030 to answer the research questions of the thesis. Finally, it addresses my researcher positionality and journey leading to the thesis. The second chapter contains the manuscript for an article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the vertical coherence of Canadian policy regimes towards the primary and secondary education of refugee children and youth with Refugee Education 2030. The article presents a theoretical framework for policy coherence analysis that combines policy coherence theory, policy attributes theory, and policy behaviour theory, as well as a tri-phasic methodology for vertical policy coherence analysis with an international framework designed to be adapted to different contexts to guide the development of country-specific education policies. The theoretical framework and methodology are applied to determine the categories of needs underpinning Enabling Activities of a Strategic Objective of Refugee Education 2030, to assess these needs as presented by refugee children and youth in Canada, and to analyze the coherence of Canadian education policy responses to these needs with Refugee Education 2030. The findings indicate that there are five categories of needs inherent in the Enabling Activities of the selected Strategic Objective, specifically access to education, accelerated education, language education, mental health and psychosocial support, and special education; that all of these categories of needs are present in refugee claimant and/or refugee children and youth in all of Canada’s educational jurisdictions; and that there are significant gaps in policy responses to these needs. Taken together, the findings permitted a discussion on priorities for the revision and development of refugee education policy across Canadian jurisdictions to ensure greater coherence with Refugee Education 2030. The third chapter summarizes the findings of the contextualized analysis of the vertical coherence of Canadian refugee education policy regimes with Refugee Education 2030. Additional findings that could not be incorporated in the article due to the manuscript submission guidelines Schutte iv of the intended journal of publication are then presented and discussed. The thesis concludes with reflections on my research journey.
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Det vi inte vet kan göra det svårt för andra : Brister i forskningen kring skäl att stanna i en våldsam relationKarlsson, Fanny, Norén, Olle January 2023 (has links)
Denna studie undersöker hur forskningsområdet “skäl att personer stannar i ett våldsamt förhållande” ser ut, vilka kunskapsluckor det finns i området och beskriver vilka samhällsgrupper det behövs mer forskning om. Genom en scoping review kartlägger denna studie hur långt forskningen kommit och vad vi idag vet om anledningar till att heterosexuella män och kvinnor, HBTQI-personer, unga och äldre stannar i en våldsam relation. I studien presenteras internationell forskning som är avgränsad till en västerländsk kontext. Studien använder sig av en tematisk analys för att undersöka om det finns likheter och skillnader i forskningen kring de utvalda grupperna. Socialkonstruktionism, paradigm och fält används som teoretiska begrepp i syfte att undersöka potentiella förklaringar till varför forskningsområdet ser ut som det gör. Analysen kommer fram till att samhällsdiskursen kring våld, sättet som forskningen utformas samt forskningens aktörer och finansiering påverkar hur forskningsområdet ser ut och den kunskap vi idag har om anledningar att olika grupper stannar i en våldsam relation. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns en kunskapslucka i forskningen och att det saknas forskning om varför andra grupper än heterosexuella kvinnor stannar i en våldsam relation. Forskningen som beskriver anledningar att män i heterosexuella förhållande, HBTQI-personer, unga och äldre stannar i ett våldsamt förhållande är knapp och behöver utvecklas för att samhället ska kunna förstå och hjälpa dessa personer på ett adekvat sätt.
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[en] ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 IMPACTS ON FRESH FOOD CHAINS: A CASE STUDY IN AN ORGANIZATION IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO / [pt] ANÁLISE DE IMPACTOS DA COVID-19 EM CADEIAS DE ALIMENTOS FRESCOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIROANTONIO ANDREI PINHO BRAGA 06 June 2022 (has links)
[pt] A COVID-19 foi declarada como uma pandemia em março de 2020 pela
OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) e até abril de 2022 infectou
aproximadamente 490,7 milhões de pessoas, com pelo menos 6,17 milhões de
mortes. A pandemia desafiou a segurança alimentar, agricultura e cadeias de
alimentos frescos. Pesquisas sobre a análise de cadeias de suprimentos
agroalimentares durante a COVID-19 indicam um maior impacto em pequenos
fornecedores destas cadeias, principalmente as cadeias mais curtas, que são
aquelas que possuem poucos elos. Neste contexto, esse trabalho analisa os
efeitos da COVID-19 em cadeias de alimentos frescos. É desenvolvido, assim, um
estudo de caso em uma organização de produtores do Rio de Janeiro. Esse
estudo cobre uma revisão de escopo que identifica na literatura os principais
impactos e políticas da pandemia nessa cadeia. Em seguida, os resultados são
avaliados através de uma pesquisa de levantamento (survey) na organização para
avaliar se as variáveis encontradas na literatura possuem aderência com as
variáveis identificadas pelos respondentes da survey, que são pequenos
produtores no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Por fim, o problema é modelado por meio
de uma simulação por dinâmica de sistemas. Os resultados mostraram que a
cadeia de suprimentos da organização é sensível a variáveis de impacto como
aumento do custo de produção e não entrega de produtos, pois ao aumentar o
custo de produção e a não entregar produtos, a taxa de vendas é impactada
negativamente. A política de investimento em logística mostra que a taxa de
vendas é impactada positivamente quando se aumenta o investimento. / [en] COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the WHO (World
Health Organization), and at the beginning of April 2022, it had infected
approximately 490.7 million people, with at least 6.17 million deaths. The pandemic
has challenged food security, agriculture, and fresh food chains. Research on the
analysis of agri-food supply chains during COVID-19 indicates a more significant
impact on small suppliers of these chains, especially the shorter chains, which are
those with few links. In this context, this work analyzes the effects of COVID-19 on
fresh food chains. Thus, a case study is developed in a producer organization in
Rio de Janeiro. This study covers a scoping review that identifies in the literature
the main impacts and policies of the pandemic in this chain. Then, the results are
evaluated through a survey in the organization to assess whether the variables
found in the literature match the variables identified by the survey respondents,
who are small producers in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Finally, the problem is
modeled through a system dynamics simulation. The results showed that the
organization s supply chain is sensitive to impact variables such as increased
production cost and non-delivery of products. As increasing production cost and
not delivering products, the sales rate is negatively impacted. The investment
policy in logistics shows that the sales rate is positively impacted when investment
increases.
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Early Childhood Inclusive Practices/Interventions in Turkey and the United States: A Scoping ReviewAksu, Hatice Nur 12 August 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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