I denna uppsats beskrivs gränssnittsproblematiken i dagens webbläsare. Syftet är att undersöka om användargränssnittet i webbläsaren hämmar användarna till att sätta sina individuellt anpassade säkerhetsinställningar. En stor del vardagliga sysslor utförs via webbläsaren, exempelvis hantera bankärenden eller ladda upp bilder på sociala medier. Därför finns det ett behov av att webbläsarens gränssnitt kommunicerar olika säkerhetsnivåer och inställningar så att alla användare kan använda och förstå de inställningar som erbjuds. Med hjälp av teoretiska utgångspunkter söker vi svar på eventuella brister i webbläsaren med hjälp av användarstudier. Genom att observera och intervjua våra försökspersoner kom vi fram till att det finns brister i webbläsaren som behöver utvecklas. Vi vill med vår uppsats öppna upp för en diskussion då vi vill förmedla importensen av att användare behöver känna sig säkra i webbläsarens gränssnitt för att kunna tillgodogöra sig information angående sin egen säkerhet. / In this paper we describe the problems with today’s web browsers within the interface. We are aiming to investigate whether or not the browser interface inhibits users from putting their personal safety settings. A great amount of everyday tasks are performed via the browser, for example banking transactions or uploading images on social media. Therefore the need of a browser user interface that can communicate different security levels and settings so that all users can understand and use the settings that are offered. With the help of theoretical starting points, we seek answers to any shortcomings in the browser interface through user studies. By observing and interviewing our subjects, we concluded that there are flaws in the browser that need to be developed. We want our thesis to open up for discussion in which we want to convey the importance of the users’ needs to feel safe in the browser interface to assimilate information about their own safety.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Aim: To obtain baseline data on adherence levels and the major determinants of adherence among patients on HAART at Rundu Hospital, Namibia. Results: Seventy-eight percent of the 97 participants included in the study were female, resulting in a female to male ratio of 4 :1. The mean age of the participants was 36.7 (SD: 9.00) years with 80% of the participants being in the 20-44 age group. The mean duration on ART treatment was 20 (SD: 10.3) months with 76% of the participants being on ART for 24 or less months. The average adherence rate reported by mean composite of the three measures was 95.1%, while the proportion of patients who achieved adherence levels of 95% and above was 64%. The main barriers to adherence to HAART reported by participants were forgetfulness (28%), lack of food (13%) and being away from the pills (11%): facilitators reported included counselling (19%) and treatment supporters (11%). Having knowledge of the consequences of failing to take HAART as prescribed was significantly associated with adherence (p = 0.03), as was being female (p = 0.04) while living further than 6 km from the hospital was significantly associated with non adherence (p = 0.018).

Chat communication has been investigated within the frames of 5thD (Fifth Dimension). The study is based in field-material from two chat sessions, between children in Ronneby-Barcelona and Ronneby-Denver. During the chats there was plenty of interaction between children and, assistants, which is illustrated with the help of patterns of communication. The analysis of the data shows that chat is more than an interaction between two persons, it even connects two social settings. The thesis also deals with the question of how to create meaningful chat, since this did not occur in an entirely satisfactory way during the above-mentioned chats.

Leisure time is an important part of young people’s lives. Despite this, leisure-time settings have hitherto had only a minor role in setting-based health-promotion initiatives. Improving adolescents’ quality of leisuretime activities can reduce social differences in health, thus youth-centers can be appropriate settings for promoting health. However, young people with immigrant backgrounds participate less in organized leisure-time activities. The overall aim of this study is to explore young people’s leisure time as their health-promotion setting in two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden. This study took a practice-based approach using a mixture of methods in close collaboration with the youth-centers. Data collection was done through surveys with young people (n = 207) and interviews with young people and leaders (n = 16). Study I, about who participates in youthcenter activities, used an explanatory mixed method. Study II, about the youth-centers’ strategies, used an explorative qualitative method with an inductive content analysis. This study shows that youth-centers have great potential to be a healthpromotion setting if their strategies include some important factors, both in theory and in daily practice. To be a health-promotion setting, a youthcenter needs to be open and inclusive for its target group, foster supportive relationships, emphasize youth empowerment, and integrate family, school, and community in its strategies. Local knowledge about young people's backgrounds, needs, interests, and motivations to attend youth-center activities – as well as good contact with young people's families – is important because it can increase participation in leisure-time activities for young people in multicultural and socio- economically disadvantaged neighborhoods and can thus help to reduce social inequalities in health.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The mental health care environment is a stressful environment because of the environment, perceived unpreparedness of students and the emotional demands placed on the students which are inherent in the nature of the work. The use of the self as a therapeutic tool also presents challenges for students. Whilst researchers have identified supportive interventions and strategies to address students support needs in mental health care settings, these interventions/strategies focus on meeting clinical learning objectives with the assumption that if the student learning needs are met, they will feel emotionally supported. Literature and experience indicates that it is imperative that in this field of study, students should be prepared to cope emotionally with the demands of mental health work. The aim of this research was to develop a model of emotional support for student nurses working in mental health care settings. A theory-generating design based on a qualitative, explorative and descriptive research approach was used to achieve the aim of the study. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants namely: students, educators and clinical staff who met the eligibility criteria. A sample of 40 students, nine educators and nine clinical staff who worked in the four psychiatric hospitals and community mental health clinics in the Western Cape participated in the study. Data collection was by means of focus group interviews (students) and indepth individual interviews (educators and clinical staff). Data was analysed by means of Tesch’s method of content analysis. The model was developed by means of the four steps of the theory generation process. Step one was concept development which consisted of two sub-steps namely concept identification and concept definition. A total of 22 concepts were identified which was further synthesised into six main concepts. The main concepts which were used to develop the model were: positive self-concept; positive work environment; academic and professional development; effective communication; formal and informal supportive interventions and collaboration between the Higher Education Institution and the mental health care setting. Step two of the theory generating process was model development. These main concepts were placed in relation with each other which formed an emotional support model for students working in mental health care settings. Step three was model description. The model was described using the three phases of interpersonal communication namely orientation phase, working phase and the termination phase. A visual application of the model which depicts the main concepts, the process and the context was shown. Step four dealt with the development of the guidelines for the implementation of the emotional support model. A critical reflection of the model was done using five criteria for model evaluation according to Chinn & Kramer. Trustworthiness of the data was ensured by means of applying Guba’ model of truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality. Reflexivity was used by the researcher to further enhance trustworthiness. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the relevant authorities. The ethical principles of respect for human dignity, beneficence and justice were applied throughout the study. Limitations were identified and ecommendations for nursing practice, education concluded the study.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor kan drabbas av arbetsrelaterad stress, vilket innebär attindividen inte har tillräckliga resurser att hantera påfrestning som härstammar frånarbetet. Den arbetsrelaterade stressen skulle kunna resultera i bristandepatientsäkerhet. Sjuksköterskan förhåller sig till arbetsrelaterade stressorer genomatt anpassa sig kognitivt och beteendemässigt med emotionsfokuserade ochproblemfokuserade copingstrategier. Syfte: Att genom sammanställning avkvalitativ vetenskaplig litteratur undersöka hur sjuksköterskor uppleveranvändningen av copingstrategier i samband med arbetsrelaterad stress inomsluten vård. Metod: En litteraturstudie med tolv artiklar av kvalitativ ansatsgenomfördes. Sökningarna utfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL ochPsycINFO. Artiklarna analyserades och tematiserades därefter till ett egetkodningssystem. Resultat: Fyra huvudteman sammanställdes: tekniker för atthantera stress, förhållningssätt för att hantera stress, stöd för att hantera stress, ochavslappningsmetoder. Dessa hade tillsammans tolv underteman, vilka innefattadekortsiktiga och långsiktiga copingstrategier som både kunde vara positiva ochnegativa för den psykiska hälsan. Konklusion: Det framkommer attcopingstrategier är viktiga för hanteringen av arbetsrelaterad stress, men att det ärviktigt att veta vilka copingstrategier som skulle kunna leda till negativa utfall förden psykiska hälsan, samt ta reda på vilka som passar för den enskildasjuksköterskan. / Background: Nurses can suffer from occupational stress, which means that theindividual lacks sufficient resources to manage strain arising from work. Theoccupational stress could result in poor patient safety. The nurse responds to thestressors by adapting cognitively and behaviorally with emotion-focused orproblem-focused coping strategies. Aim: To examine how nurses perceive the useof coping strategies in relation to occupational stress in inpatient settings bycompiling qualitative scientific literature. Method: A literature study with twelvearticles of qualitative approach was conducted. The searches were carried out inthe PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. The articles were then analyzedand thematized into a coding system designed by the authors. Findings: Fourmain themes were compiled: techniques to handle stress, approaches to handlestress, support to handle stress, and relaxation methods. These together had twelvesub-themes. All themes included short-term and long-term coping strategies thatcould be both positive and negative for mental health. Conclusion: Copingstrategies are important for coping with occupational stress, but it is alsoimportant to know which coping strategies can lead to negative outcomes formental health, and to find out which ones suit the individual nurse.

In a Romantic song cycle or songbook, songs tend to share many common ideas because they are used to set to the poems from one collection written or collected by one author. Many composers designed the same motivic or structural elements to a group of songs for unity, and sometimes they made chronological narratives for the series of poems. Music theorists have tried to find out a way of giving a sense of unity or narrative to the songs in a song cycle or songbook by analyzing its musical language and text setting. They have suggested plausible explanations for the relationships among the songs in a song cycle or songbook, and some theorists have traced the tonal movements and provided a visual explanation for them. Hugo Wolf's two volumes of the Italienisches Liederbuch (1890-91, 1896) were set to the forty-six poems from Paul Heyse's well-selected works. Wolf's way of selecting poems from Heyse's collection seems inconsistent, and his song ordering in the both volumes does not show evident rules. However, a closer study for relationships between the songs could widen our perspective to comprehend the whole songbook as a unified storyline. This study selected the first four songs from each volume of the Italienisches Liederbuch, and analyzed the eight songs in a traditional way, accounting for harmony, motivic feature, tonal movement, form, and text setting. The study finds that Wolf used the third relationships among the songs to convey a storyline in his order of the songs, and especially exploited the direction of thirds for his own narrative. While this may only be a pilot study with partial results, it can serve as a stimulus for a comprehensive study of factors that provide unity in the cycle as a whole.

Although ingratiatory behaviors have been investigated by social psychologists for almost twenty-five years, and have been discussed as being used in organizational settings as an upward influence strategy, few empirical studies have explored the use of ingratiation in organizations. The intent of this study has been to empirically investigate the use of ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings. In doing so, a theory-based rationale for the occurrence of ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings was developed. The framework developed for this study examined ingratiation as both an individually initiated and organizationally induced behavior. Next, a scale was developed to measure the frequency with which employees resort to ingratiatory behaviors in relationships with their superiors. Finally, a series of research propositions about the occurrence of ingratiatory behaviors in organizations were tested across a variety of organizational settings.

To perform lane-change maneuvers safely, sufficient distance to the subsequent traffic is required. In the present study distance estimations to the subsequent vehicle (Experiment 1) and lane-change decisions (Experiment 2) were gathered in dependency of left wing-mirror settings: Different vertical settings resulted in low and high vehicle positions with less or more pavement visible in the mirror. Additionally, the visibility or non-visibility of the observer's rear door was varied. Findings indicated that a low vertical position of the following vehicle in the mirror and a visible rear door lead to shorter distance estimations and more cautious lane-change decisions than a high vertical position and a non-visible rear door. Consequently, wing-mirror settings are important for traffic safety.