A nossa pesquisa se insere no contexto da educação dos jovens e adultos assentados. Em que se objetivou analisar o impacto da escolarização destes jovens e adultos assentados de reforma agrária, o qual foi promovido pelo Educampo I Projeto integrado ao Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (PRONERA). Analisando de que forma estes jovens e adultos demonstraram o conhecimentos geográficos como saber popular e se a escolarização desenvolveu a percepção do território como lugar de vida. Apartir da metodologia da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) para o 1º Segmento do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental no âmbito educacional escolar. Foram pesquisadas seis turmas de seis comunidades do Projeto de Assentamento (PA) Vila Amazônia no município de Parintins-Amazonas-AM, no período de 2007 a 2010. Constataram-se, como resultados desta pesquisa, que o processo de escolarização; a formação continuada, inspirada nas idéias de Paulo Freire, propondo uma educação que considera os sujeitos e a sua realidade; o uso da coleção Viver, Aprender, como material didático nortearam a prática da sala de aula, proporcionado aos educandos aprendizagens que demonstraram por meio de atividades como mapas, maquetes, desenhos, linguagens interpretativas do lugar, os conhecimentos geográficos com base no censo comum, além da biografia dos educandos onde os relatos mostram as trajetórias de vida, a importância de continuar estudando e como percebem o território como espaço e lugar de vida. E, por fim, destacar a mudança de postura dos educadores e educandos, que a partir da escolarização elevaram a autoestima, e são reconhecidos como lideranças na comunidade / Our research is in the context of educating youth and adults seated. What is aimed at analyzing the impact of schooling of these young people and adults settled agrarian reform, which was sponsored by Project Educampo I integrated the National Program for Agrarian Reform Education (PRONE). Analyzing how these young people and adults have shown geographic knowledge as popular knowledge and schooling developed the perception of the area as a place of life.Based on the methodology of Youth and Adults (EJA) for the 1st segment of the school. To this end, there was a desk in school education. We surveyed six groups of six communities in the Settlement Project (AP) Amazon Village in the city of Parintins, Amazonas-AM, in the period 2007 to 2010. It was found, as results from this research that the process of schooling, continuing education, inspired by the ideas of Paulo Freire, proposing an education that considers the subject and reality, the use of the collection Living, Learning, teaching materials and guided practice the classroom, giving students who have demonstrated learning through activities such as maps, models, drawings, interpretive languages of the place, the geographical knowledge based on common census, besides the biographies of the students where the reports show the paths of life, the importance to continue studying and how they perceive the space and territory as a place of life. Finally, highlight the changing attitude of educators and students from the school that raised selfesteem, are recognized as leaders in the community.

Historicamente, a produção agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Xingu esteve voltada aos grandes mercados. Nas últimas décadas, observa-se uma importante mudança no uso da terra, dada pela expansão do cultivo de grãos para exportação (como soja e milho) em detrimento das áreas de pastagens. A transição do modo de produção na região atinge inclusive os pequenos produtores e assentados rurais, a despeito da limitação de terras para a produção em grande escala e de sua vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Especial atenção é dada aos assentados rurais devido às peculiaridades relacionadas à ocupação territorial, as quais acabam por diferenciar a dinâmica de uso da terra, o que afeta, sobretudo, os seus modos de vida. Diante desta problemática, este estudo objetiva identificar as diferentes variáveis que contribuem para o atual contexto de mudança no uso da terra em um assentamento rural localizado no município de Água Boa (MT) e como este fenômeno se relaciona com a manutenção ou não dos modos de vida dos assentados. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas abertas, não estruturadas e em profundidade em quarenta domicílios rurais. Resultados mostram que a mudança no uso da terra pela expansão do cultivo de grãos ocorre no assentamento da mesma forma que o observado na paisagem da região do Alto Xingu. A mudança do uso da terra no P.A. Jaraguá está vinculada a uma tentativa de superar limitações produtivas, como pastagens degradadas, dificuldades de acesso à água e a capital financeiro para investimentos na produção agropecuária. Como consequência, a área destinada ao cultivo de grãos tem substituído as pastagens e o arrendamento e a comercialização de lotes rurais têm sido estimulados para que este novo modo de produção seja viabilizado, pelo menos em curto prazo. Assim, a expansão da agricultura intensiva de grãos e os efeitos do aumento generalizado dos preços das terras agricultáveis são importantes drivers na tomada de decisão dos assentados sobre o uso da terra. Os resultados apontam que esse contexto é estruturado por (ao mesmo tempo em que também estrutura) novos modos de vida no assentamento, caracterizados por fenômenos socioeconômicos como o envelhecimento rural, a maior participação da aposentadoria e da prestação de serviços (agropecuários ou não, formais ou informais) na geração de renda família e o êxodo rural. / Historically, agricultural production in the basin of the Upper Xingu has been geared to large markets. In recent decades, there has been a major change in land use, given the expansion of grain crops export (such as soybeans and corn) to the detriment of pasture areas. The transition of mode of production in the region can even reach small farmers and rural settlers, despite land limitation for large-scale production and smallholders producers\' vulnerability. In this study, particular attention is given to rural settlers due to the peculiarities related to land occupation, which eventually differentiates the dynamics of land use, affecting substantially their way of life. Faced with this problem, this study aims to identify the different variables that contribute to the current context of change in land use in a rural settlement located in the municipality of Água Boa (MT) and how this phenomenon is related to the maintenance or not of settlers\' livelihood strategies. Data were collected from unstructured in-depth interviews in forty rural households. Results show that the change in land use for the expansion of grain cultivation occurs in the settlement the same way as observed in the landscape of the Upper Xingu region. The change in land use in P.A. Jaraguá might be related to an attempt to overcome production constraints such as degraded pastures, problems with water access and financial investments in agricultural production. As a result, pastures have been replaced by areas devoted to grain crops. Moreover, the lease and sale of rural lots have been stimulated in order to make this new mode of production possible, at least, in the short term. Thus, the expansion of intensive grain cultivation and the effects of increasing general prices of agricultural land are important drivers in the settlers\' decision making on land use. The results show that while this context structures new livelihood strategies in the settlement, it has also been structured by them. In addition, such context has been characterized by some socioeconomic phenomena such as rural aging, larger rates of retirement, rural exodus, and the provision of services in the generation of family income , whether it be agricultural or not, formal or informal.

No description available.

Historicamente, a produção agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Xingu esteve voltada aos grandes mercados. Nas últimas décadas, observa-se uma importante mudança no uso da terra, dada pela expansão do cultivo de grãos para exportação (como soja e milho) em detrimento das áreas de pastagens. A transição do modo de produção na região atinge inclusive os pequenos produtores e assentados rurais, a despeito da limitação de terras para a produção em grande escala e de sua vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Especial atenção é dada aos assentados rurais devido às peculiaridades relacionadas à ocupação territorial, as quais acabam por diferenciar a dinâmica de uso da terra, o que afeta, sobretudo, os seus modos de vida. Diante desta problemática, este estudo objetiva identificar as diferentes variáveis que contribuem para o atual contexto de mudança no uso da terra em um assentamento rural localizado no município de Água Boa (MT) e como este fenômeno se relaciona com a manutenção ou não dos modos de vida dos assentados. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas abertas, não estruturadas e em profundidade em quarenta domicílios rurais. Resultados mostram que a mudança no uso da terra pela expansão do cultivo de grãos ocorre no assentamento da mesma forma que o observado na paisagem da região do Alto Xingu. A mudança do uso da terra no P.A. Jaraguá está vinculada a uma tentativa de superar limitações produtivas, como pastagens degradadas, dificuldades de acesso à água e a capital financeiro para investimentos na produção agropecuária. Como consequência, a área destinada ao cultivo de grãos tem substituído as pastagens e o arrendamento e a comercialização de lotes rurais têm sido estimulados para que este novo modo de produção seja viabilizado, pelo menos em curto prazo. Assim, a expansão da agricultura intensiva de grãos e os efeitos do aumento generalizado dos preços das terras agricultáveis são importantes drivers na tomada de decisão dos assentados sobre o uso da terra. Os resultados apontam que esse contexto é estruturado por (ao mesmo tempo em que também estrutura) novos modos de vida no assentamento, caracterizados por fenômenos socioeconômicos como o envelhecimento rural, a maior participação da aposentadoria e da prestação de serviços (agropecuários ou não, formais ou informais) na geração de renda família e o êxodo rural. / Historically, agricultural production in the basin of the Upper Xingu has been geared to large markets. In recent decades, there has been a major change in land use, given the expansion of grain crops export (such as soybeans and corn) to the detriment of pasture areas. The transition of mode of production in the region can even reach small farmers and rural settlers, despite land limitation for large-scale production and smallholders producers\' vulnerability. In this study, particular attention is given to rural settlers due to the peculiarities related to land occupation, which eventually differentiates the dynamics of land use, affecting substantially their way of life. Faced with this problem, this study aims to identify the different variables that contribute to the current context of change in land use in a rural settlement located in the municipality of Água Boa (MT) and how this phenomenon is related to the maintenance or not of settlers\' livelihood strategies. Data were collected from unstructured in-depth interviews in forty rural households. Results show that the change in land use for the expansion of grain cultivation occurs in the settlement the same way as observed in the landscape of the Upper Xingu region. The change in land use in P.A. Jaraguá might be related to an attempt to overcome production constraints such as degraded pastures, problems with water access and financial investments in agricultural production. As a result, pastures have been replaced by areas devoted to grain crops. Moreover, the lease and sale of rural lots have been stimulated in order to make this new mode of production possible, at least, in the short term. Thus, the expansion of intensive grain cultivation and the effects of increasing general prices of agricultural land are important drivers in the settlers\' decision making on land use. The results show that while this context structures new livelihood strategies in the settlement, it has also been structured by them. In addition, such context has been characterized by some socioeconomic phenomena such as rural aging, larger rates of retirement, rural exodus, and the provision of services in the generation of family income , whether it be agricultural or not, formal or informal.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mayara_Fontoura_Chagas.pdf: 2456965 bytes, checksum: e6a11bb125979a5a4fc0eb8218c32af9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this research we aim to analyze how the memories concerning the Três Barras uprising are narrated in 1964; studying how people interpret and give meaning to this conflict. Therefore we identifies people who were part of this conflict and others who knew it through oral narratives, by interviewing them about their life experiencies and as to how they understand the uprising. Besides that, we aim to understand the meanings these people give to this conflict and, also, to understand how the oral narratives inside the book on Três Barras and the criminal act 147/64 - Três Barras work as different versions of a social memory regarding this conflict is shared. We also discuss the colonization process in Paraná, after the 1930s; the land conflicts which happened inside this context and, also, what came before it; what it was and how Três Barras uprising happend in 1964; as well as what are its connections regarding State and Federal level. Thses discussions were necessary se we could understand the social context in which the uprising happened, because alongside with this conflict, other conflicts happened around the same time with land dispute as their main problem. Furthermore we discuss concepts as memory, colonization, occupation and, also, settlers, squatters and land invaders. These concepts were brought forth in order to support our analysis and to understand, through this disseration, the process in which this conflict happened, as well as to understand the people who underwent it as to go through their experiences and their memory (re)creations on this uprising. Thus, we aim for discussing how these memories are narrated, describing how the people interpret and create meaning concerning this social conflict, which is much broader then only presenting how the uprising happened: it describes how these people's memories can be articuladed and (re)created, taking into account the social space which these people live currently. Therefore, these historical narratives help on understanding how people place themselves while facing these memories, how they give and create new meaning to it, through their experiences, in these moment of conflict / Neste trabalho dissertamos sobre o processo de colonização que envolveu o estado do Paraná, posterior à década de 1930; os conflitos agrários originados dentro desse contexto; o que foi e como se deu a revolta de Três Barras no Paraná em 1964; e sobre quais são suas ligações com os contextos políticos estadual e federal. Para além disso discutimos acerca de noções como a de memória, colonização, ocupação e, também, de colonos, posseiros e grileiros. Tais noções foram discutidas no intuito de embasarmos nossas análises e de melhor compreendermos, ao longo desta dissertação, o processo que envolveu tal conflito, os sujeitos que dele participaram, de pensarmos as experiências que estes vivenciaram e as (re)criações de memórias sobre a revolta de Três Barras. Buscamos pensar também como a revolta de Três Barras é significada nos depoimentos/narrativas presentes no Auto de Ação Criminal 147/64. Problematizamos os interrogatórios apresentados como provas no auto de ação criminal, tanto dos acusados como de testemunhas, compreendendo que estes estão envoltos em outras questões como quem fala, para quem fala, de onde se fala, se há implicações em citar alguns aspectos específicos, entre outros. Para tanto compreendemos que o processo criminal não é somente uma fonte para analisarmos os conflitos agrários, mas ele mesmo se estabelece como uma forma de criminalizar o movimento e ainda, que este não se constitui como uma narrativa do que foi a revolta de Três Barras, mas sim como um suporte de diferentes versões e discursos sobre esse momento histórico. Assim, buscamos pensar como as memórias sobre a revolta de Três Barras são narradas, explicitando como os sujeitos interpretam e atribuem significados a esse conflito social pela posse da terra, o que nos diz muito mais do que simplesmente apresentar versões sobre como a revolta ocorreu. Diz-nos como as memórias desses sujeitos podem ser rearticuladas e (re)criadas, levando em consideração os lugares sociais que estes ocupam no presente. Assim, as narrativas nos possibilitam compreender como os sujeitos se posicionam frente a essas memórias, como as resignificam (re)construindo identidades e atribuindo, por meio de suas experiências, sentidos diversos a esse momento de luta

A nossa pesquisa se insere no contexto da educação dos jovens e adultos assentados. Em que se objetivou analisar o impacto da escolarização destes jovens e adultos assentados de reforma agrária, o qual foi promovido pelo Educampo I Projeto integrado ao Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (PRONERA). Analisando de que forma estes jovens e adultos demonstraram o conhecimentos geográficos como saber popular e se a escolarização desenvolveu a percepção do território como lugar de vida. Apartir da metodologia da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) para o 1º Segmento do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental no âmbito educacional escolar. Foram pesquisadas seis turmas de seis comunidades do Projeto de Assentamento (PA) Vila Amazônia no município de Parintins-Amazonas-AM, no período de 2007 a 2010. Constataram-se, como resultados desta pesquisa, que o processo de escolarização; a formação continuada, inspirada nas idéias de Paulo Freire, propondo uma educação que considera os sujeitos e a sua realidade; o uso da coleção Viver, Aprender, como material didático nortearam a prática da sala de aula, proporcionado aos educandos aprendizagens que demonstraram por meio de atividades como mapas, maquetes, desenhos, linguagens interpretativas do lugar, os conhecimentos geográficos com base no censo comum, além da biografia dos educandos onde os relatos mostram as trajetórias de vida, a importância de continuar estudando e como percebem o território como espaço e lugar de vida. E, por fim, destacar a mudança de postura dos educadores e educandos, que a partir da escolarização elevaram a autoestima, e são reconhecidos como lideranças na comunidade / Our research is in the context of educating youth and adults seated. What is aimed at analyzing the impact of schooling of these young people and adults settled agrarian reform, which was sponsored by Project Educampo I integrated the National Program for Agrarian Reform Education (PRONE). Analyzing how these young people and adults have shown geographic knowledge as popular knowledge and schooling developed the perception of the area as a place of life.Based on the methodology of Youth and Adults (EJA) for the 1st segment of the school. To this end, there was a desk in school education. We surveyed six groups of six communities in the Settlement Project (AP) Amazon Village in the city of Parintins, Amazonas-AM, in the period 2007 to 2010. It was found, as results from this research that the process of schooling, continuing education, inspired by the ideas of Paulo Freire, proposing an education that considers the subject and reality, the use of the collection Living, Learning, teaching materials and guided practice the classroom, giving students who have demonstrated learning through activities such as maps, models, drawings, interpretive languages of the place, the geographical knowledge based on common census, besides the biographies of the students where the reports show the paths of life, the importance to continue studying and how they perceive the space and territory as a place of life. Finally, highlight the changing attitude of educators and students from the school that raised selfesteem, are recognized as leaders in the community.

Plus de cinquante ans après son indépendance, l’histoire de l’Algérie coloniale est et, demeure toujours un sujet aussi douloureux et sensible des deux côtés de la Méditerranée. Au fur et à mesure de l’expansion coloniale française, les membres de la société de l’ex-régence d’Alger voient le mode de vie et leur statut changer. Et, ce en fonction des réformes et des dispositions de l’administration coloniale qui à la fois dut conduire une politique à deux niveaux: une politique pour les colons , les nouveaux habitants de l’Algérie, et une autre pour les indigènes qui malgré le fait que le Senatus consulte de 1865 leur ait accordé la citoyenneté, ils n’en restaient pas moins des sujets de seconde zone. A travers cette étude, nous proposons de suivre l’évolution et les facteurs qui ont contribué à l’éveil populaire des masses musulmanes durant la période qui s’étend de 1830 à 1936. Un champs d’études ayant pour cadre les révoltes populaires ; symbole de la résistance populaire des milieux ruraux, la notion de soumission qui reflète une position mitigée de la part des population qui vacille entre résistance et cohabitation face à l’administration militaire puis face à l’administration coloniale civile, Également la perception de la question de l’assimilation chez les Algériens musulmans et les Européens qui revêtit diverses interprétations à partir de la question du royaume arabe et du problème de la naturalisation. La question du nationalisme et la problématique de son existence ou non avant le débarquement des Français. Notre théorie est que tous ces facteurs ont aidé à l’éclosion du nationalisme, processus qui n’a pas suivi un développement linaire mais fut le résultat d’un cheminement complexe compte tenu des différents facteurs tels que le panislamisme, les retombées de la Première guerre mondiale et l’engagement des indigènes dans ce conflit qui à la base ne les concernait pas. Puis, entre les années 1920 et 1930, les formations politiques font leur apparition, intellectuels et réformistes musulmans s’affirment sur la scène politique et engage la confrontation avec l’administration coloniale et le gouvernement de la Métropole. Ainsi , la prise de conscience des masses musulmanes allaient se manifester et s’imposer en dépassant les différences des uns et des autres ; c’est à dire passer d’une pensée particulariste, d’un régionalisme à une pensée collective nationale : se reconnaitre dans une seule et unique identité nationale. / The political awakening of Algerian society through revolts, submission, assimilation and nationalism.1830-1936. More than fifteen years after his independence, Algerian colonial history is and stills always a painful and sensitive subject for the two sides of the Mediterranean Sea. As the French colonial expansion took place, members of society of former regency of Algiers see their way of living changing. And, this in function of reforms and measures of colonial administration which drive a two level policy: toward settlers’ policy; the new inhabitants of Algeria. And another one for indigenous whom still second zone citizen even if the ײSenatus consultײ of 1865 gives them citizenship. Throughout this study, we suggest to follow the evolution of these factors which contribute to the popular awakening of Muslim masses during the period between 1830 and 1936. It is a field of study which includes not only popular revolts, the symbol of rural resistance. But also the notion of submission reflecting à mixed position of populations between resistance and cohabitation with military administration first, then with civil colonial one after, thus the assimilation issue of Algerian Muslims and Europeans, which clothed various interpretations starting by the Arab Kingdom of Napoleon III and the problem of naturalization, and finally, the nationalism issue and the issue of its existence or not before the landing of French. Our theory is that all these features helped the hatching of nationalism, a process which did not follow a linear development but was the result of a complex path according to different factors such as Pan Islamism, the consequences of the WWI and the participation of the indigenous in this conflict which was not their conflict. Then, from 1920 and 1930, political groups appear; Muslim reformers and intellectuals assert themselves in political scene and engage the confrontation with the colonial administration and metropolitan government. Thus, the awareness of Muslim masses will appear and lead up on differences between people; in other move from individual or regional thinking towards a collective national thinking.

De historier vi berättar för varandra berättas med ett syfte. Men vem berättar dem och med vilket bakomliggande syfte? I denna kvalitativa studie som bedrivs som en komparativ flerfallstudie undersöks och jämförs användningen av det existentiella historiebruket i lokalhistoriska publikationer. Författarna till dessa publikationer har antingen en samisk kulturell bakgrund eller en kulturell bakgrund som kan ses svara mot nybyggarkulturen. De lokalhistoriska publikationerna handlar om orterna Arvidsjaur och Glommersträsk samt de personer som där levde. Uppsatsen visar på hur författarna drivs av en tydlig personlig tendens och att valet av berättelser har ett bakomliggande syfte. Uppsatsen visar även hur författarna konstruerar ett ”vi” och ”dom” som primärt definieras av antingen etnicitet eller moraliskt handlande och att de använder denna konstruktion för att styrka det historiska narrativ författarna vill förmedla. / The stories we tell each other aret old with a purpose. But who tells them and for what reason? In this qualitative study, witch is conducted as a comparative multiple-case study, the use of existential history use in local history publications is examined and compared. The autors of these publications have eather Sami cultural background or a cultural background that can be seen as corresponding to the settler culture. The local history publications are about the places Arvidsjaur and Glommersträsk as well as the peaople who lived there. The essay shows how the authors are driven by a clear personal tendency and that the choice of stories has an underlying purpose. The essay also shows how the authors construct a ”we” and ”them” that is primarily defined by eather ethnicity or moral action and that they use this constuction to strengthen the historical narrative the authors want to convey.

This thesis examines how, and the extent to which, the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Accord of Bangladesh contributed to transform conflicting relations of the parties, and communities living in the CHT. This case study research has combined two methods: (i) key informant interviews and (ii) consultation of wider secondary literature, reports of accord signing parties, international organizations, NGOs and other stakeholders, newspaper articles, working papers etc. We have developed a process-oriented analytical framework through reviewing eight widely studied peace agreements and their following conflict transformation processes. This theme-based distinctive framework has guided us to conduct a comprehensive analyse of the CHT case. We argue that the 1997 CHT Accord, developed as a part of an internal strategic conflict management and negotiation process, and stipulated for limited territorial power-sharing and localized proportional power-sharing of communities, to a considerable extent helped to transform parties’ conflicting relations, and the conflict itself, despite the Accord’s limited nature and partial implementation. The post-accord immediate implementation of some key provisions helped to build confidence of the parties and engaged them in decision-making process. This restrained them not to return to violence, although an incremental accord implementation process helped to address some complexities but created contradictions and dubious relations between them over some issues. The accord considerably contributed to improve socio-economic conditions of CHT people. Nevertheless, it shifted the dynamics of original conflict towards an intra-ethnic dimension, whereas the inter-community relations remained highly polarized due to inadequate attention paid by relevant stakeholders to bridge their gaps for peace. / Commonwealth Scholarship Commission

This study aims to evaluate the original white colonisers‟ or settlers‟ position and experience in Africa and South Africa during the transitional period between 1998 and 2011, as represented by English white male protagonists who feature in The Lostness of Alice (1998) by John Conyngham, The Good Doctor (2003) by Damon Galgut, and Lost Ground (2011) by Michiel Heyns. The analysis of the selected novels illustrates that the legacy of colonisation and apartheid still influences the settler descendants‟ perception of self and the other. The analysis focuses specifically on the males‟ experience of space and place in the construction of identity, and the awareness that the expansion of space and place through the transgression of physical and psychological boundaries contributes towards a more balanced personality. After the dissolution of apartheid, contemporary white South African men, as exemplified by the three protagonists, have become aware of their minority status and tend to dissociate themselves from the country as home. As borderline figures, they contend with feelings of marginalisation and isolation. Increasingly conscious of their contradictory non-African identity, the protagonists undertake journeys during which they acquire insight into themselves as well as an altered perception of the other. Although the former settlers‟ experience of alienation and ambivalence about colonisation and apartheid has been depicted in various novels, the significance of this experience relating to white South African male identity has not yet been fully explored in a comparative study of Conyngham‟s, Galgut‟s and Heyns‟s works with reference to the authors‟ place within a postcolonial paradigm, their implementation of the detective narrative frame and the role of intertextuality and irony that can be seen to define the novels and suggest other interpretative possibilities. The novels are critically analysed in terms of the concepts of space and place, the presence, transgression and transcendence of boundaries, and the influence of these paradigms on the characters‟ sense of self and their relationship with others and society at large. The novels‟ narrative frame and strategies in relation to the myths of Africa are also investigated. The thesis argues that the apprehension articulated by representatives of European settlers regarding the consequences of colonisation and apartheid has become more prominent during the post-liberation dispensation. The acceptance of responsibility for the past and for others, as well as intense self-appraisal, should enable the three protagonists to achieve a more expansive sense of self and a meaningful existence. / PhD (English), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015