Among college students in Ghana, the new media app WhatsApp has been widely adopted as a medium for both communication and sexual exploration. Drawing on a classical media effects theory Uses and Gratifications, this mixed method research is designed to investigate sexual practices staged on WhatsApp among college students in Ghana. This study surveyed 314 students, along with in-depth interviews with eight respondents from the African University College of Communications in Accra, Ghana, to investigate the practice of viewing and circulating sexually explicit materials on WhatsApp. Key findings from this study with the exception of impact of sexual content on both male and female college students, point to no statistically significant differences in sexual gratifications on WhatsApp. This thesis delineates the various forms of motivations regarding the use of WhatsApp as a sexual gratification platform.

Sexuality is an integral part of health and well-being. Despite a 30-year history of adolescent sexuality research, there has been little that has focused on more than risky sexual behaviour. For example, there has been little research on conceptions of sexuality and pathways to sexual health. In part, this is because sexual health has been often defined as the lack of risky behaviour and health problems. In the studies reported here, components of female sexual health were identified and tested, including behaviours and cognitions, among groups of girls in their late teens and early 20s. After a review of the literature, four sets of factors appeared central to identifying female sexual health. These factors included sexual subjectivity, sexual agency, psychosocial well-being and sexual exploration. The first factor, sexual subjectivity, had previously been described as important to female sexual well-being, but had been developed within feminist theories and studied with qualitative methodologies. After a thorough review of the literature, no psychometrically sound measure of sexual subjectivity was found. Therefore, an instrument to assess sexual subjectivity was constructed and validated through a series of studies. Partially as expected, five factors were found - sexual body-esteem, entitlement to sexual pleasure from oneself, entitlement to sexual pleasure from a partner, sexual self-efficacy in achieving sexual pleasure, and sexual self-reflection. In additional cross-sectional and longitudinal (6-month, 2 waves) studies, associations between sexual subjectivity, sexual agency, psychosocial well-being, and sexual experience were examined. The results showed that there were concurrent associations between sexual subjectivity and measures of sexual agency and some measures of psychosocial wellbeing. Results also showed that females with more sexual experience (i.e., experience with sexual intercourse, self-masturbation, noncoital orgasmic responsiveness, and same-sex sexual experience) were relatively higher in sexual subjectivity and sexual agency. However, well-being was similar in sexual experience groups when they were compared. In longitudinal analyses, changes in sexual subjectivity, sexual agency and psychosocial well-being were examined for the whole sample and among subgroups defined by levels of sexual experience. Comparisons were also made between those girls who commenced sexual intercourse during the course of the study, those who remained virgins, and those who were nonvirgins at the first assessment. Main effects generally validated cross-sectional findings. Girls who commenced first sexual intercourse relatively earlier increased in self-esteem over time, compared to their virgin counterparts. Girls who reported a history of self-masturbation and noncoital orgasmic responsiveness, and girls who reported no history with either behaviour, increased in sexual body-esteem and self-esteem over time, but the former group of girls were relatively higher in sexual body-esteem and self-esteem than the latter group of girls. Girls who reported a history of one, but not the other of self-masturbation and noncoital orgasm did not change over time. Results also indicated that girls' transition to first sexual intercourse had little association with sexual subjectivity, but some findings were suggestive of a need for further research. Future research, and study strengths and limitations are discussed. There is a need to examine sexual subjectivity as both an antecedent and an outcome using longer time lags with several waves of assessment so that the linkages between sexual subjectivity and other factors can be determined. The implications of sexual subjectivity and sexual exploration for sexuality education are also discussed.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T18:00:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rogério Araújo da Silva - 2014.pdf: 2197950 bytes, checksum: a2c5d9733eb24ff4252be0873038928e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T12:12:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rogério Araújo da Silva - 2014.pdf: 2197950 bytes, checksum: a2c5d9733eb24ff4252be0873038928e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T12:12:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rogério Araújo da Silva - 2014.pdf: 2197950 bytes, checksum: a2c5d9733eb24ff4252be0873038928e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / In this thesis, we are going to show a research made with the commercial sexual exploration of teenagers in Goiânia town and nearby it in the period of 2011 to 2013. The main objective is to understand the new configurations of commercial sexual exploration of teenagers nowadays. For that, we start of the principle that, in the last years, the phenomenon got new configurations, closely in the fact that refers to its notorious fact. The importance of this study is justified by the few researches realized about the theme in national, according to the few studies realized up to this time. In the context of a historical process, we will realize a return of how a concept of commercial sexual exploration of children and teenagers was made or remake in Brazil in the last decades. So, we are defining and distinguing some diferente cathegories of the own concept as exploration, violence, power, injury, sexual work, sexual market, prostitution and anothers. The caracterization of the phenomenon is made by the narratives of the people researched, as well as the teenagers and the envolved actors in the universe as the profissionals that do the question. To contextualize the phenomenon in extent worldwide and national, it is delineation a outlook in base in data collected por some organizations. We also approach the legal goal and the national legislation refers to affront of this problem in Brazil. The methodological course and the implications of work in locus are described and debated. The demation of construction of teenagers’ identities in their many dimentions are comprehended. At least, the diferente modalities of commercial sexual exploration of teenagers are made in the sense to understand their new dinamics and configurations. / Nesta tese, apresento a pesquisa realizada com a exploração sexual comercial de adolescentes na cidade de Goiânia e região metropolitana no período de 2011 a 2013. O objetivo é compreender as “novas” configurações da exploração sexual comercial de adolescentes na atualidade. Parto da hipótese que, nos últimos anos, o fenômeno assumiu novas configurações, particularmente no que se refere à sua visibilidade. A pertinência do estudo justifica-se pela escassez de pesquisas realizadas sobre o tema em âmbito regional, visto os poucos estudos realizados até então. No contexto de um processo histórico, realizo um resgate de como o conceito de exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes foi formulado e/ou reformulado no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Para isso, são definidas e diferenciadas categorias inerentes ao próprio conceito, como exploração, violência, poder, abuso, trabalho sexual, mercado do sexo, prostituição, dentre outros. A caracterização do fenômeno é descrita por meio das narrativas dos sujeitos pesquisados, tanto as adolescentes e atores envolvidos no universo da exploração como os profissionais de atuam com a questão. Para contextualizar o fenômeno em âmbito mundial e nacional é traçado um panorama com base em dados coletados por diferentes organizações. Abordo também, os marcos legais e a legislação nacional referente ao enfretamento do problema no Brasil. O percurso metodológico e as implicações do trabalho de campo são descritos e problematizados. As dimensões da construção das identidades das adolescentes em suas várias dimensões são compreendidas. Por fim, as diversas modalidades da exploração sexual comercial de adolescentes são descritas no sentido de compreender suas “novas” dinâmicas e configurações.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KilmaMaisaLimaGondim.pdf: 421205 bytes, checksum: 69e9d9af3420ec4e21b52bb37d5d8ae8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-10 / The present work had taken for study object the sexual exploration of children and adolescents in the judicial district of Guarabira, and also intended to stand out the importance of the civil society participation as a strong instrument for combating and supporting the victimized children, as well as emphasizing within an interdisciplinar perspective the legislation about the explored theme, discussing about both its rightnesss and mistakes in what concerns to the culprits punishment. It searches in the Brazilian Criminal Code and in the Statute of Child and Adolescent the incriminating articles, tracing as follows a historical, social and legal analysis. The research was carried through in the Tutorial Counseling of Guarabira. Through the collection of data in the victims attendance files, it has tried to show the historical context of the Statute of Child and Adolescent. It was evidenced that there used to be a not protective legislation of children and adolescents rights, which had evolved to the standard we have these days, also called integral protection. However, the SCA, which was born from intense social fights, many of them organized by civil society, still brings on its text discriminating and absolutely unpractical articles. Thus, it is necessary to rethink the exploration concepts to bring up to discussion new instruments which are endowed with full effectiveness. While we have a contradictory criminal statute and in the social field also contradictory concepts of exploration, it will become impossible, or in the best hypotheses, extremely hard its confrontation and punishment. The promulgation of an extraordinary law such as the Statute is not enough, it is necessary that before everything else the public politics give to child and adolescent, victims of this violence, a legal and social support, as well as the support through their psychical, educational, familiar, emotional and moral recovery. During the research, the data of the Tutorial Counseling of Guarabira containing the attending files were analyzed, and through them the cases of sexual exploration of children and adolescents could be detected throughout the period from January to December of 2005. In this purpose, the descriptive procedure method was used, in its exploratory and historical character. The registered data has revealed that the number of sexual exploration attending is minimal if related to other attendings, as well as it is possible to observe the difficulty in precising the crime described by the victim or his relatives and the identification itself from the Counseling members. The educational profile points to the already described national level, little access to education and a great number of school evasion. / O presente trabalho teve por objeto de estudo a exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes na comarca de Guarabira, procurou ressaltar a importância da participação da sociedade civil como um forte instrumento de combate e apoio às crianças vitimizadas, bem como enfatizando dentro de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar a legislação concernente à matéria abordada, discutindo seus acertos e atropelos no que diz respeito a punição dos culpados. Busca no Código Penal Brasileiro e no Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente os artigos incriminadores, traçando a seguir uma análise histórica, social e jurídica. A pesquisa foi realizada no Conselho Tutelar da cidade de Guarabira. Através da coleta de dados nas fichas de atendimento às vítimas. Procurou mostrar o contexto histórico do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Constatou-se que antes tínhamos uma legislação não protetora dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes, a qual evoluiu para o padrão que temos na atualidade, a chamada proteção integral. Porém, o ECA, que foi fruto de intensas lutas sociais, muitas delas organizadas pela sociedade civil, ainda traz em seu texto artigos discriminadores e passíveis de absoluta inaplicabilidade. Assim, é preciso repensar os conceitos de exploração para trazer à baila novos instrumentos dotados de plena eficácia. Enquanto tivermos um estatuto penal contraditório e no campo social conceitos de exploração também contraditórios, tornar-se-á impossível, ou na melhor das hipóteses, dificílimo o seu enfrentamento e punição. Não basta a promulgação de uma lei extraordinária como é chamado o Estatuto, é preciso antes de tudo políticas públicas que dê à criança e ao adolescente, vítimas desta violência, o suporte jurídico e social, assim como o apoio em sua recuperação psíquica, educacional, familiar, emocional e moral. Durante a pesquisa foi analisado os dados do Conselho Tutelar de Guarabira contidos nas fichas de atendimentos e através delas detectados os casos de exploração sexual em crianças e adolescentes no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2005. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de procedimento descritivo de caráter exploratório e histórico. Os dados cadastrais revelaram que os números de atendimentos de exploração sexual é ínfimo em relação a outros atendimentos, bem como pode-se constatar a dificuldade em precisar o crime retratado pela vítima ou seus familiares e a própria identificação pelos membros do conselho. O perfil educacional aponta para o já descrito em nível nacional, baixa escolaridade e um grande número de evasão escolar.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataRLMPP.pdf: 607140 bytes, checksum: 88f1c2737223abd5220451124d34e10b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Analyze the problem of sexual violence suffered by children and adolescents in the city of Natal / Rio Grande do Norte (RN), attended by the Programa Sentinela, a service aimed at combating sexual violence children and teenagers who serves on the council of Natal. Thus aims to review the implementation of the Programa Sentinela in Natal / RN, in the period 2001 to 2006, verifying that the program has contributed to the access of children and adolescents who are victims of abuse and sexual exploitation to fundamental rights under the Statute Children and adolescents (ECA) and the Local Plan and the National gainst Infanto-Youth Sexual Violence. It has a theoretical and methodological approach quantitative and qualitative, covering the issue of sexual violence against children and adolescents, as one of the expressions of economic relationships, gender, race and culture that make up the material and symbolic structure of society. It methodological procedure: review of literature on the subject and conducting interviews with professionals and families of children and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Investigate as the unit of analysis the Sentinel Program. The analysis on the governmental actions of this period on this social problem points to the continuity and little change in the care of victims of sexual violence: despite maintain features and palliative assistencialistas, favoring the "Network of Sexual Tourism", go through some innovations in terms of securing rights from the ECA, which is the need for transparency and democratization in the management of government policies. In research undertaken, Brazil will only be combating this type of crime when each of the social actors are actually doing their share, down taboos, facing corruption and strengthening a system of guarantee of rights, which target children and adolescents are unprotected, and often ignored by Brazilian society / Analisa a problem?tica da viol?ncia sexual sofrida por crian?as e adolescentes na cidade do Natal/Rio Grande do Norte (RN), atendidas pelo Programa Sentinela, um servi?o voltado ao combate da viol?ncia sexual infanto-juvenil que atua no munic?pio de Natal. Nesse sentido tem a finalidade de analisar a execu??o do Programa Sentinela em Natal/RN, no per?odo 2001 a 2006, verificando se o referido programa tem contribu?do para o acesso de crian?as e adolescentes v?timas de abuso e explora??o sexual aos direitos fundamentais previstos no Estatuto da Crian?a e do adolescente (ECA) e no Plano Local e Nacional de Enfrentamento a Viol?ncia Sexual Infanto-Juvenil. Tem uma abordagem te?rico-metodol?gico quantitativa e qualitativa, abrangendo a quest?o da viol?ncia sexual contra crian?as e adolescentes, como uma das express?es das rela??es econ?micas, de g?nero, de ra?a e de cultura que configuram a estrutura material e simb?lica da sociedade. Tem como procedimento metodol?gico: revis?o de literatura sobre a tem?tica e realiza??o de entrevistas com profissionais e familiares de crian?as e adolescentes v?timas da viol?ncia sexual. Investiga como unidade de an?lise o Programa Sentinela. A an?lise sobre as a??es governamentais deste per?odo em rela??o a esta problem?tica social aponta para a continuidade e poucas mudan?as no atendimento das v?timas de viol?ncia sexual: apesar de manterem caracter?sticas paliativas e assistencialistas, favorecendo a Rede de Turismo Sexual , passam por algumas inova??es em termos de garantia de direitos, a partir do ECA, que aponta a necessidade de transpar?ncia e democratiza??o da gest?o de pol?ticas governamentais. Nas investiga??es desenvolvidas, o Brasil s? estar? combatendo esse tipo de crime quando cada um dos atores sociais estiver de fato fazendo a sua parte, derrubando tabus, encarando a corrup??o e fortalecendo um sistema de garantia de direitos, cujo alvo s?o crian?as e adolescentes desprotegidos, e muitas vezes ignorados pela sociedade brasileira

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-24T12:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) daniel_campos_iff_mest_2014.pdf: 1363522 bytes, checksum: 6fe7078709508d05d7fb17cc3a82adda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Esta dissertação tomou como objeto de análise a atuação do Conselho Tutelar da cidade do Rio de janeiro, diante dos casos notificados de abuso e exploração sexual. A metodologia geral adotada foram os métodos mistos concorrentes integrados. A técnica da entrevista foi complementada por questionário descritivo e análise documental. Os resultados foram dispostos em dois artigos e num capítulo de caracterização dos conselheiros tutelares e as condições de infraestrutura dos Conselhos Tutelares. O primeiro artigo retratou as principais dificuldades de atuação e mobilização da rede para garantir a proteção de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual sob a ótica dos conselheiros tutelares. O segundo buscou caracterizar o atendimento dos Conselhos diante dos casos de violência sexual, através da análise de prontuários em três dos 12 Conselhos existentes. Verificou-se a precariedade de infraestrutura dos Conselhos Tutelares. As ações dos Conselhos Tutelares mostraram-se fragilizadas em virtude do baixo número de serviços atuantes no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual. Identificou-se uma atenção coadjuvante para as situações de exploração sexual. Concluí-se que ainda se fazem necessários ajustes em vários níveis para se prover uma atenção de qualidade a crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual e suas famílias. / This thesis took as the object of analysis the performance of the Guardian Council of the city of Rio de Janeiro , in the face of reported cases of sexual abuse and exploitation . The general methodology was adopted mixed methods integrated competitors . The technique of the interview was supplemented by descriptive questionnaire and document analysis . The results were arranged in two articles and a chapter on the characterization of the council members and the infrastructure conditions of the Guardianship Councils . The first article portrayed the main difficulties of operation and mobilization of the network to ensure protection of children and adolescents in situations of sexual violence from the perspective of council members . The second sought to characterize the care of the Councils on cases of sexual violence , through analysis of medical records in three of the 12 existing councils . There was a precarious infrastructure Guardianship Councils . The actions of the Guardianship Councils proved weakened because of the low number of active in the care of children and adolescents exposed to sexual violence services . Identified an adjunct attention to situations of sexual exploitation . We conclude that even if adjustments are required at various levels to provide high-quality care to children and adolescents in situations of sexual violence and their families.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:46:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_rgd_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1099551 bytes, checksum: 38f667bb59715769295b5bfa7e1eb908 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual comercial, no caso mulheres, como uma forma moderna de escravidão e de violação aos direitos humanos. A maioria das vítimas são aliciadas para a exploração sexual ou mão-de-obra escrava, roubadas de sua dignidade e liberdade. O tráfico de pessoas é uma violação de direitos humanos e um problema ligado à globalização e à desigualdade social, bem como a questões de gênero, raça e etnia. O fluxo intensificado de pessoas, capital e informação geram grandes oportunidades no desenvolvimento internacional, mas também criam riscos e abrem espaços para este tipo criminal organizado transnacional. Os criminosos lucram ao mesmo tempo em que atendem à demanda dos consumidores. Hoje é mais fácil traficar uma pessoa que no século passado, ou há duzentos anos. O tráfico de seres humanos é caracterizado pelo uso de força, coerção, fraude ou abuso de poder. A questão do tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial deverá ser enfrentada através do paradigma de direitos humanos, face a gravidade das violações empregadas neste tipo de crime. Temos a responsabilidade de, em nome da dignidade da pessoa humana, erradicar esse fenômeno criminoso que afeta especialmente as mais desfavorecidas, que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade em razão da pobreza, desigualdade de gênero e de raça e do desenvolvimento assimétrico entre os países e entre as diferentes regiões dentro do mesmo território. O tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial é uma forma ignóbil de exploração humana, que precisa ser enfrentada de forma organizada nacional e transnacionalmente. / The purpose of this research was to study the trafficking of people with the aim of commercial sexual exploration, in the event of women, as a modern form of slavery and human rights violation. Most of the victims are incited to sexual exploration or slavery labour, taken from their dignity and liberty. The trafficking of people is a violation of human rights and a problem associated with globalization and the social unevenness, as well as the specific issues, race and class. The intensified number of people, fund and information, generates great opportunities in international development but also brings risks and gives chances for this transnational organized crime. At the same time, the criminals make profit while they supply the consumers demand. It is easier to traffick a person nowadays than trafficking a person in the last century, or two hundred years ago. Human trafficking is characterized by the use of power, coercion, fraud or the abuse of power. The problem of the trafficking in women with the intention of commercial sexual exploration should be faced through the human rights paradigm, in contrast with the gravity of the violation exerted on this type of crime. We have the responsibility of, in the name of human dignity, eradicate this criminal phenomenon that affects mainly the most disfavored people, which find themselves in vunerable conditions due to poverty, race and class unevenness and the asymmetric development among countries and different regions within the same territory. The trafficking of women with the aim of commercial sexual exploration is an ignoble way of human exploration, which needs to be faced as a transnational organized condition.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 C.Rezende.pdf: 559377 bytes, checksum: 60b35e030ab58cae6c63e7e04a70e816 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The 'Observatório de Inovação Social do Turismo' was created due to the need of studies and researches related to tourism and its social impacts. The Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas, of Fundação Getulio Vargas, in partnership with the Ministry of Tourism and the Childhood Brazil, started in 2007, studies about the sexual exploration of children and adolescents. The present work has the objective to analyze, based on the results of the 'Observatório de Inovação Social do Turismo', its contributions to the prevention and repression of sexual exploration of children and adolescents associated to the tourism. / O Observatório de Inovação Social do Turismo foi criado em razão da necessidade de realizarem-se estudos e pesquisas relacionados com o turismo e seu impacto social. A Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas, da Fundação Getulio Vargas, em parceria com o Ministério do Turismo e com a Childhood Brasil, iniciou, em 2007, estudos sobre o tema - exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar, por meio dos resultados do Observatório, de que maneira o Observatório de Inovação Social do Turismo contribuiu para a prevenção e o enfrentamento da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes associada ao turismo.

The purpose of this thesis titled ``The competence of students from selected faculties of Charles University to prevent Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) syndrome{\crq}q is to identify the readiness of selected future specialists (final year students specialising in the relative area) to prevent Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) syndrome. In the theoretical part of this work fundamental definitions, as well as terms relevant to Child Sexual Abuse syndrome (CSA), or Child Abuse and Neglect syndrome (CAN) are mentioned. Furthermore, some aspects of epidemiological indicators are presented showing us proof of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) syndrome in common populations and therefore a need to address this problem. In the practical part of this thesis quantitative interviews were used, which were implemented by Computer Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI). The subject group was a convenience sample of 579 students in there final year (2007/2008) of studying. Students from the following faculties participated: Charles University {--} 1., 2., 3. Medical faculty, Medical faculty in Hradec Kralove, Medical faculty in Plzen, Faculty of Law, Pedagogic faculty, faculty of Philosophy and Human resources faculty. Five hundred seventy nine respondents studying in academic year of 2007/2008 on selected faculties of Charles University were contacted. The questionnaire that was used comprised of different parts, in which both closed as well as open-ended type of questions were used. The scale was used in the analyses of the primary outcome measures. The absolute frequency, relative frequency, cumulative frequency, independent chi square, analysis of variance medium and sample standard deviation were determined. Both tables and graphs were used to show the frequencies distribution Based on results a standard of minimal knowledge/training was established based on the results. Recommendations were made as to the means for facilitating functional interdisciplinary collaborations. The recommendations presented in this thesis are fundamental and are intended to be used by University professors at of the above mentioned Universities. The standard includes fundamental terminology and logistics. The ultimate goal of this work is that it be applied, and that new and relevant information be added by specific faculties.

[pt] A dissertação presente tem como tema os casos de abuso e exploração sexual (AES) cometidos por militares em operações de paz da ONU. Na década de 90, com o aumento das funções exercidas, e, consequentemente, do número de tropas empregadas, as denúncias de má-conduta sexual tornam-se, em várias missões das Nações Unidas, cada vez mais numerosas. A situação de pobreza extrema e de vulnerabilidade em que se encontram a maioria das mulheres e meninas dos países-hospedeiros, a sensação de impunidade e a grande disparidade de recursos entre militares e habitantes locais têm como consequência uma série de relações sexuais explorativas, que vão desde o envolvimento com prostitutas à formação de relacionamentos mais duradouros. Tais interações sexuais têm uma série de consequências negativas não só para as vítimas, mas também para a credibilidade da missão e da própria ONU. Após anos de inércia institucional, o tema ganha, em 2002, espaço relevante nas políticas da Organização, que introduz diversas medidas em combate ao AES. Tais políticas, no entanto, têm efetividade limitada frente às imunidades dadas a militares e civis em missões de paz. Em face dos entraves das medidas punitivas, a pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar a hipótese de que o treinamento sobre AES implementado nos países contribuintes de tropas possa ser uma ferramenta eficiente na diminuição de tais casos. Para isso, analisaremos os treinamentos ministrados no Exército e na Marinha do Brasil - principal país contribuinte de tropas para a Missão de Estabilização das Nações Unidas no Haiti (MINUSTAH)- e no Exército da Índia - o maior fornecedor de militares para a Missão das Nações Unidas na República Democrática do Congo (MONUC). / [en] The present thesis focuses on sexual abuse and exploitation (SEA) committed by members of the military components of United Nations peacekeeping operations. In the 1990s, with the increase of the tasks exercised by, and the number of troops in peacekeeping operations cases of SEA became ever more numerous. The extreme poverty and vulnerability from which most of the women and girls in peacekeeping host countries find themselves, the impunity of UN soldiers and the huge disparity between their resources and those of local populations has as a consequence a number of forms of exploitative sexual relationships, that go from the use of prostitutes to more longterm arrangements. Such sexual interactions have a series of negative consequences not only for the victims, but also for the credibility of UN missions and of the Organization itself. After years of institutional inertia, the subject eventually gained some profile within UN policy, with the introduction of a series of measures to combat SEA. Nevertheless, these policies have shown limited effectiveness faced with the immunity granted to the soldiers in question. Given these limitations, the research upon which this thesis is based has as a goal the verification of the hypothesis that the training on SEA implemented in the troop-contributing countries can be an effective tool in combating these crimes. To do so, it analyzes the training implemented in Brazil s Army and Navy- which furnish the lead contingent of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), and in the Indian Army - the main troop contributing country to the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC).