The purpose of this study was to investigate which kind of arguments that were used during the debate before the law of sexual services was introduced in Sweden. The study refers to the debate which was in the Swedish parliament The study has been structured the arguments in different categories.  The study has not found other researchers about the debate in the Swedish parliament. The study has just found several studies about the prostitution problem in general. The method for this study has been idea centered content analysis. The results were analyzed through an analyze diagram with arguments against the law of sexual services and arguments for the law of sexual service. On each side in the debate the analyze diagram has had eleven different categories of arguments. The results of the study showed that the juridical arguments were the most common in the debate.

Yearly, hundreds of thousands of people are trafficked across borders, most often against their will or without their knowledge. Albeit having been a part of our history, our present and, sadly, probably our future, this form of modern slavery remains rather unexplored in quantitative research due to the lack of reliable data. By using a gravity model, this study investigates how trafficking is affected by prostitution laws. The strength of this paper lies in being able to disentangle the effect of prostitution laws on different types of trafficking and to look at both total trafficking flows as well as only cross-border flows. The results point towards there being a mostly negative correlation between legal prostitution and trafficking inflows, however, most results become insignificant when adding rule of law (a proxy for legal enforcement) to the specification. Allowing for third party involvement and solicitation might be correlated an increase in the inflow of victims exploited for sexual services, this is, however, statistically insignicant. For victims of forced labour, results are more equivocal, illustrating the potentially misleading conclusions that might be drawn in studies looking only at the effects of prostitution laws on total trafficking flows.

The aim of this work is to find out why the structure of the market for sexual services changed in the years 1999 -- 2009 : why did the number of erotic clubs and the sex workers in clubs and on streets decrease and why did the number of sex workers in apartments increase? The change in nationality of composition of consumers and the development of internet are main factors of the changes. A high correlation proved to be between the number of sex workers and the number of tourists. Because of economic convergence tourists can buy less sexual services than in past whereas Czech can buy more. Other question is why earnings of sex workers are higher in comparison with wages of the women with the comparable education. The main factor is a social stigmatization.

Denna uppsats består av en litteraturöversikt och två kvantitativa studier om män och transpersoner som säljer sexuella tjänster till andra män.Den första delen presenterar forskning om män som säljer sexuella tjänster till män i allmänhet och kring behovet av förebyggande åtgärder mot hiv och STI i synnerhet. Del två är en analys av män som säljer sexuella tjänster och deras inställning och praxis när det gäller säkrare sex. Analysen bygger på material från MSM (Män som har sex med män) enkäten som genomfördes 2006. Denna studie visar att män som säljer sex har betydligt högre risk-beteende än andra män som har sex med män. Detta visar på behovet av hiv-prevention i den grupp av män som säljer sexuella tjänster. Del tre av denna studie utgörs av en deskriptiv internetundersökning som gjorts bland män och transpersoner som säljer sexuella tjänster på internet. Bakgrunden till denna studie är att svenska officiella dokument många gånger reproducerar föreställningen om att män som säljer sex är osynliga, och att det saknas kunskap i ämnet. Denna studie visar att så inte är fallet. Studien visar att annonser är synliga och att det är möjligt att hitta män som erbjuder sina tjänster relativt lätt. Detta dokument innehåller också en deskriptiv studie om geografiskt ursprung, ålder, sexuell läggning, tillgängliga tjänster, säkrare sex och marknadsföring gällande män och transpersoner som säljer sexuella tjänster på internet. / This paper consists of one research review and two quantitative studies about men and transgender persons who sell sexual services to other men.The first part presents research about men who sell sexual services to men in general, and around the need for prevention against hiv and STIs in particular. Part two is an analysis of men who sell sexual services and their attitude and practice regarding safer sex. The analysis is based on material from the MSM (Men who have sex with Men) survey conducted in 2006. This study shows that Men who sell sex have significantly higher risk-behavior than other men who have sex with men. This indicates the need for HIV prevention in the group of men who sell sexual services.Part two of this study consists a descriptive internet survey made among men and transgender people who sell sexual services on the internet. The background for this study is that Swedish official documents repeatedly reproduce the notion that men who sell sex are invisible, and that there is no knowledge of the subject. This study shows that this is not the case. The study shows that advertising is visible and that it is possible to find people who offer their services relatively easily. This paper also includes a descriptive study about the geographic origin, age, sexual orientation, available services, safer sex, and marketing area of men and transgender personswho sell sexual services on the Internet.

January 1, 1999 Sweden was the first country in the world who instituted the law of sex purchase act. It means that now was the person who was buying sex to be criminalized. But in 2005 the law was substituted by a new punishment provision called purchase of sexual services.  But before the law sex purchase act was instituted, Sweden had different types of laws. One law was “lösdrivierilagen”. It means that the prostituted was accused crime. This law was abolished 1965. The purpose with this study is to view two Swedish state public investigations (SOU) that is focusing on prostitution. These two investigations published the years 1962:22 and 1995:15. The third investigations from 2010:49 will be used the consequences of the laws. To do this study gender needs to analyze the investigations. The professor Caroll Lee Bacchi´s method What is the problem represented to be? will be used in this essay.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The aim of this study in social work was to investigate Swedish part-time sex workers' experiences of selling sex, of the Swedish Prohibition of Purchase of Sexual Services Act, of people's attitudes toward selling and buying sexual services and the consequences thereof. In the analysis the Erving Goffman stigma theories were used. Three part-time sex workers described their day-to-day experiences of selling sex as well as holding an ordinary job. None of them experienced that the Prohibition of Purchase of Sexual Services Act had an immediate effect on them in their work, what bothered them most was the attitudes toward sex work from society, friends and relatives. The negative attitude forced them to live a double life. None of the sex workers had the impression that the legislation had any concrete effects on their customers. One sex worker expressed the view that the law itself could be a trigger for some customers and that it also helped preserve a negative and disparaging attitude toward sex workers in society. The study concluded that prostitution is a multifaceted phenomenon that has been a victim of simplification in many previous studies, partly for ideological purposes, and recommended a more individual perspective on the matter.

In Sweden prostitution is by many considered to be a social problem that primarily affects women. To counteract prostitution is a political priority and as a result the purchase of sexual services is prohibited by law. Since the law that prohibits the purchase of sexual services entered into force it has been continuously debated and widely disputed. The aim of this thesis is to compare the image of prostitution found in the travaux préparatoires of the law with four sex workers’ view of the phenomenon. A discourse analysis is performed to establish which images of prostitution appear in theory and in practice. The results show that the images of prostitution in the travaux préparatoires of the law differ widely from the views expressed by the interviewees. The discourses identified in the travaux préparatoires unanimously emphasize the injurious effects of the prostitution and the exposed situation of the sex workers. In the discourses identified in the interview material the businesslike aspects of prostitution and the sex workers’ autonomy is emphasized. The results raise questions about the completeness of the travaux préparatoires and bring the need for studies where different groups of sex workers are questioned to the fore.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

En 2019, le trafic humain à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle continue de générer une importante polarisation des opinions sur les places publiques et politiques. Même si les écrits entourant ce phénomène sont nombreux, celui-ci reste mal défini. Le manque de recherches bâties sur une méthodologie rigoureuse demeure une entrave importante à l’élaboration de connaissances fiables autant en ce qui concerne le paradigme du passage à l’acte que celui de la réaction sociale. Pourtant, la gravité des impacts de ce crime sur la vie des victimes mérite de s’y attarder consciencieusement. La présente recherche souhaite poursuivre l’exploration empirique du phénomène. L’objectif est de décrire le processus du trafic humain à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle. Pour ce faire, l’approche des scripts a été retenu comme cadre théorique. C’est une approche utilisée dans de nombreuses études de phénomènes complexes et pourtant rarement appliquée au trafic humain. L’approche du script nous permet de considérer le trafic humain à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle dans sa globalité tout en permettant de mettre en lumière les éléments spécifiques nécessaires qui composent le processus. Vingt-deux cas, tirés de jugements canadiens ayant des accusations sous l’article 279.01 du Code criminel, ont été retenus pour créer le script général du trafic humain à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle. Le résultat est un script en huit étapes, du recrutement à la distribution des bénéfices. Deux étapes additionnelles ont été ajoutées. En amont, le contexte initial est soulevé pour, notamment, établir les motivations individuelles des travailleuses et, en aval, la fin de la carrière est décrite pour aborder les causes du désengagement. Le script identifié rapporte un trafic national, peu structuré et opportuniste. / In 2019, human trafficking for sexual exploitation still generate important public and political debates. Even if the literature is growing on the subject, the latter stays ill-defined. Indeed, the lack of researches based on a rigorous methodology is, still today, a major impediment to the development of reliable knowledge on the phenomenon itself as well as on the social reaction to it. This research aims at pursuing the empirical exploration of the human trafficking for sexual exploitation. The objective is to describe the global process from the recruitment up to the sexual exploitation and beyond. In order to achieve this, the script methodological approach will be applied. It is an efficient approach that has been used in numerous studies to improve the understanding of complex phenomenon yet, it has been rarely applied to human trafficking. The script enables the researchers to consider the whole process of human trafficking for sexual exploitation while highlighting the key elements that are required to allow the chain of events that build up to the exploitation. Twenty-two individual cases from Canadian judgments having accusations under the article 279.01 of the Criminal Code were retained to create the general script of the human trafficking for sexual exploitation. The result is a script in eight steps, from the recruitment of the sex worker to the distribution of the gains. Two steps were added in order to expand the knowledge around the process of the phenomenon. Before the process, the initial context is presented in order, notably, to raise the individual motivations of the workers. After the process, the end of the career is also added to explore the factors that bring them to quit the sex work. Moreover, the general script exposes a national, loosely structured and opportunistic traffic.