Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 451032.pdf: 3224202 bytes, checksum: 0ed1399ff0656c16c4c22f4f6e16cb87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / The use of critical and complex systems at automation of daily tasks increases the people s dependence, generating unease about the safety of such systems. In the last years several techniques have been developed to facilitate activities related to design validation in the early stages of the development cycle. Model Checking is an automatic formal technique that allows verification of finite-state concurrent systems under properties described in temporal logics by employing verification algorithms that exhaustively assess the correctness of the system under consideration. Indeed, this technique is costly with respect to storage and processing, justifying the development of parallel and distributed algorithms for powerful computing clusters. This dissertation reports the study and development of verification algorithms for models described in Stochastic Automata Networks and properties written in Computation Tree Logic temporal logic for environments that address memory spaces in a distributed way. / O emprego de sistemas complexos e cr?ticos para automa??o de tarefas do cotidiano faz crescer a depend?ncia das pessoas, gerando desconforto em rela??o ? seguran?a de tais sistemas. Nos ?ltimos anos algumas t?cnicas t?m sido desenvolvidas visando facilitar as atividades relacionadas ? valida??o de projetos nos est?gios iniciais do ciclo de desenvolvimento. Verifica??o de modelos ? uma t?cnica formal autom?tica que permite a verifica??o de sistemas concorrentes de estados finitos sob propriedades descritas em l?gicas temporais atrav?s do emprego de algoritmos que avaliam exaustivamente o sistema sob considera??o. Entretanto, esta t?cnica ? custosa no que tange ao armazenamento em mem?ria e processamento, justificando o desenvolvimento de algoritmos paralelos e distribu?dos para poderosos agregados computacionais. Esta disserta??o relata o estudo e desenvolvimento de algoritmos de verifica??o de modelos descritos em Redes de Aut?matos Estoc?sticos e propriedades descritas na l?gica temporal Computation Tree Logic para ambientes que endere?am espa?os de mem?ria de maneira distribu?da.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncia da Computa??o (ppgcc@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-13T13:02:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTEVAO SMANIA TESTA_DIS.pdf: 3237172 bytes, checksum: d5aadd66e71bcae6b9ef00c5c31e0e5a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-14T19:04:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTEVAO SMANIA TESTA_DIS.pdf: 3237172 bytes, checksum: d5aadd66e71bcae6b9ef00c5c31e0e5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T19:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTEVAO SMANIA TESTA_DIS.pdf: 3237172 bytes, checksum: d5aadd66e71bcae6b9ef00c5c31e0e5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / Planos de evacua??o t?m sido historicamente usados como uma medida de seguran?a para a constru??o de edif?cios. Os simuladores existentes requerem ambientes 3D totalmente modelados e tempo suficiente para preparar e simular cen?rios. Uma vez que a quantidade de pessoas pode mudar ao longo do tempo, v?rias simula??es s?o frequentemente necess?rias para gerar um plano de evacua??o otimizado. Neste documento ? apresentado uma nova abordagem para estimar os dados resultantes de um dado cen?rio de evacua??o sem simula-lo de fato. Para tal o ambiente ? dividido o ambiente em salas modulares com configura??es diferentes, em um estilo divis?o e conquista. Em seguida, uma rede neural artificial ? treinada para estimar os dados desejados de uma sala sozinha. Ap?s coletar os dados estimados de cada sala, uma heur?stica capaz de agregar informa??es por sala ? desenvolvida para que o ambiente completo possa ser devidamente estimado. Esse m?todo apresenta erros dentro da margem de 30% quando comparado o tempo de evacua??o em um ambiente real e complexo. Al?m disso, n?o ? necess?rio modelar o ambiente 3D, aprender como configurar um simulador de multid?es e o tempo computacional para estimar ? instant?neo quando comparado ao melhor caso de um simulador de multid?es. / Evacuation plans have been historically used as a safety measure for the construction of buildings. The existing simulators require fully-modeled 3D environments and enough time to prepare and simulate scenarios. Since the amount of people in a given simulated scenario can change over time, several simulations are often required in order to generate an optimal evacuation plan. With that in mind, we present in this paper a novel approach to estimate the resulting data of a given evacuation scenario without actually simulating it. For such, we divide the environment into modular rooms with different configurations, in a divide-and-conquer fashion. Next, we train an artificial neural network to estimate all required data regarding the evacuation of a single room. After collecting the estimated data from each room, we developed a heuristic capable of aggregating per room information so the full environment can be properly evaluated. Our method presents errors within the 30% margin when compared to evacuation time in a real and complex environment. In addition, it is not necessary to model the 3D environment, learn how to use and configure a crowd simulator, and the computational time to estimate is instantaneous when compared to a best case real-time crowd simulator.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncia da Computa??o (ppgcc@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-04T19:48:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo_Ricardo_Knob_dis.pdf: 15412485 bytes, checksum: d5fc868fa02ec06b2e29e6848c4b37ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-08T14:18:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo_Ricardo_Knob_dis.pdf: 15412485 bytes, checksum: d5fc868fa02ec06b2e29e6848c4b37ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-08T14:37:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo_Ricardo_Knob_dis.pdf: 15412485 bytes, checksum: d5fc868fa02ec06b2e29e6848c4b37ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-22 / A maioria das t?cnicas dispon?veis hoje em dia para simula??o de multid?es est? focada em uma situa??o espec?fica, por exemplo, evacua??o em eventos perigosos. Poucas t?cnicas consideram os aspectos culturais e de personalidade presentes em uma sociedade para determinar o comportamento dos agentes. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo construir um framework capaz de lidar com diferentes teorias culturais e de personalidade como input, traduzindo-as em uma parametriza??o de grupo, que vai determinar o comportamento de grupos e multid?es em ambientes virtuais. Al?m disso, inclu?mos no BioCrowds uma resposta de conforto para os agentes, em termos de densidade e caracter?sticas t?rmicas do ambiente. Os resultados indicam que os mapeamentos culturais / psicol?gicos parecem promissores, uma vez que os agentes foram capazes de se comportar conforme o esperado. Al?m disso, os agentes foram capazes de reagir devido ao conforto t?rmico e de densidade, melhorando sua capacidade de reagir ?s mudan?as do ambiente. / Most of the techniques available nowadays for crowd simulation are focused on a specific situation, e.g. evacuation in hazardous events. Very few of them consider the cultural and personality aspects present in a society to determine the behavior of agents. Therefore, this work aims to build a framework able to deal with different cultural and personality theories as input, and translate them into a group parametrization, which is going to determine the behavior of groups and crowds in virtual environments. Also, we include in BioCrowds a comfort response for agents, in terms of density and thermal characteristics of the environment. Results indicate that the cultural/psychological mappings seem promising, since agents were able to perform as intended. Additionally, agents were able to react due to thermal and density comfort, improving their ability to react to environmental changes.

Submitted by Kelson (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-07-14T16:20:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DaniloMarchioriRodriguesDissertacao2016.PDF: 2722318 bytes, checksum: c40ef1e313a19e6caee1d9d8eed9915f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T16:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaniloMarchioriRodriguesDissertacao2016.PDF: 2722318 bytes, checksum: c40ef1e313a19e6caee1d9d8eed9915f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Facing uncertainty, complexity and dynamics of environments where they are in, organizations aim to understand the impacts of occurring in the economy, society, politics and technology by external scanning and internalizing the effects of those changes. In the establishment of monitoring strategies also interferes cognitive nature factors that influence both the finding of the change and in order to internalize it. Thus, in order to contribute with studying of the internalization process of outward changes in organization, the current work began identifying the state of the art in monitoring, scenario scanning, simulation and subjectivity, then obtain the theoretical approach in which to propose a method of internalizing more dynamic and less subjective changes that used qualitative modeling in building scenarios with simulation, with support of software tool. Case study was the modality chosen to propose a method to support the internalization of external changes. The variables were extracted from the prospective study of Public Security of IPEA published in 2015, for generation of qualitative models and scenarios that were simulated. Data collection was conducted through questionnaire and workshop. As a result, the proposed method has shown useful for strategic management professionals (i) check consistency of scenarios and coherence of models of entity relationships; (ii) in presentation of alternative behaviors; (iii) in analysis of how cognitive biases interfere with the strategic reviews; (iv) and in organizational learning. / Diante das incertezas, da complexidade e da din??mica dos ambientes onde est??o inseridas, as organiza????es almejam compreender os impactos de mudan??as econ??micas, sociais, pol??ticas e tecnol??gicas por meio do monitoramento externo e da internaliza????o dos efeitos dessas mudan??as. No estabelecimento de estrat??gias de monitoramento de mudan??as externas interferem, ainda, fatores de natureza cognitiva, que influem tanto na constata????o da mudan??a como no modo de internaliz??-la. Destarte, a fim de contribuir com o estudo do processo de internaliza????o das mudan??as externas das organiza????es, o presente trabalho iniciou-se identificando o estado da arte de mecanismos de monitoramento, cenariza????o, simula????o e subjetividade, para, em seguida, buscar o arcabou??o te??rico necess??rio para propor um m??todo de internaliza????o de mudan??as mais din??mico e menos subjetivo que, por fim, utilizou modelagem qualitativa na constru????o de cen??rios e simula????o, com suporte de uma ferramenta de software. Estudo de caso foi a modalidade de pesquisa escolhida para propor um m??todo de apoio ?? internaliza????o de mudan??as externas. As vari??veis utilizadas foram extra??das do estudo prospectivo de seguran??a p??blica do IPEA publicado em 2015, para gera????o dos modelos qualitativos e simula????o de cen??rios. Foram realizadas coletas de dados por meio de question??rio e de oficina. Como resultado, o m??todo proposto se mostrou ??til aos profissionais de gest??o estrat??gica (i) na checagem de consist??ncia de cen??rios e de coer??ncia dos modelos de relacionamentos de entidades; (ii) na apresenta????o de comportamentos alternativos; (iii) na an??lise sobre como as predisposi????es cognitivas interferem nos diagn??sticos estrat??gicos; (iv) e no aprendizado organizacional.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-16T17:57:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DidoneyFernandesVilhete_DISSERT.pdf: 3676426 bytes, checksum: 8cf7850161dec001a297218aa172a10c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-22T11:12:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DidoneyFernandesVilhete_DISSERT.pdf: 3676426 bytes, checksum: 8cf7850161dec001a297218aa172a10c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T11:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DidoneyFernandesVilhete_DISSERT.pdf: 3676426 bytes, checksum: 8cf7850161dec001a297218aa172a10c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-08 / Os riscos associados ? ruptura de barragens s?o elevados. Problemas de instabilidade envolvendo estas estruturas trazem consequ?ncias catastr?ficas ? sociedade. A barragem do A?u, ? uma obra geot?cnica de significativa notoriedade e import?ncia no Nordeste, principalmente no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. ? a maior barragem do estado e ganhou destaque na literatura nacional e internacional com o rompimento do talude de montante no final do per?odo construtivo. Em casos de ruptura, a retroan?lise ? uma t?cnica confi?vel para determina??o dos par?metros de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento dos solos de forma a contribuir para que se evite casos semelhantes. A partir da avalia??o de dados de resist?ncia dispon?veis no meio acad?mico, este trabalho teve como objetivo retroanalisar a ruptura ocorrida para obter os par?metros m?dios de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento do material argiloso preto que constitu?a o n?cleo da barragem do A?u antes do acidente ocorrido. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foram realizadas an?lises de estabilidade do talude de montante da barragem e na segunda etapa a retroan?lise determin?stica e probabil?stica. Essas an?lises foram realizadas no software Slide 7.0 pertencente ? plataforma RocScience. Os resultados mostraram que o talude romperia com os par?metros de resist?ncia da argila siltosa preta na condi??o saturada, com valores de probabilidade de ruptura variando de 60 a 97% entre os m?todos de equil?brio limite utilizados nas an?lises. Tamb?m foi poss?vel definir os poss?veis par?metros m?dios de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento da argila siltosa preta e estabelecer as causas de ruptura da barragem. Os valores da coes?o e do ?ngulo de atrito, no instante de ruptura, obtidos na retroan?lise determin?stica para a argila siltosa preta foram cu=47,1 kPa e ?u=0?. Na retroan?lise probabil?stica os valores da coes?o e do ?ngulo de atrito obtidos foram cu=33,8 kPa e ?u=3,1?, com uma probabilidade de ruptura de 52,7%. Com isso, conclui-se que a ruptura do talude de montante da barragem do A?u ocorreu por causa de erros na fase de projeto e de constru??o da barragem acompanhado pela perda de resist?ncia do solo devido aos excessos de poropress?es gerados durante a constru??o. / Risks associated to dam failure are very high. Problems of instability involving these structures bring catastrophic consequences to the social comunity. The A?u dam is a geotechnical work with significant importance in the Northeast, mainly in Rio Grande do Norte state. It is the largest dam of the state and has gained prominence in national and international literature with the slice of the upstream slope at the end of its construction period. In cases of failure, back analysis is a reliable technique used to calculate the shear strength parameters of the soil in order to avoid similar cases to happen. Considering the evaluation of strength data available in the academic environment, this work had as purpose to analyze the failure occurred in order to obtain the average shear strength parameters of the black clayey material that constituted the A?u dam core before the accident. In the first stage of this work the slope stability of the dam was analyzed and in the second stage the deterministic and probabilistic back analysis was performed. These analyzes were performed in Slide 7.0 from Rocscience platform. The results showed that the slope would fail with strength parameters of the black silty clay in the saturated condition, with values of probability of failure ranging from 60 to 97% between the equilibrium limit methods used in the analyzes. It was also possible to define the possible average shear strength values of black silty clay and to establish the causes of the dam failure. The cohesion and the friction angle values obtained at the instant of failure in the deterministic back analysis for black silty clay were cu=47.1 kPa and ?u=0?. For the probabilistic back analysis the cohesion and the friction angle values obtained were cu=33,8 kPa and ?u=3,1?, with a probability of failure of 52,7%. Therefore, it is concluded that the A?u dam upstream slope failure occurred because of errors in the design and construction phase of the dam accompanied by the loss of soil strength due to the excess of poropressures generated during the construction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioEFF.pdf: 720128 bytes, checksum: febce55b295b3d3be15f1c24bf498884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Na unfolding method of linear intercept distributions and secction ?rea distribution was implemented for structures with spherical grains. Although the unfolding routine depends on the grain shape, structures with spheroidal grains can also be treated by this routine. Grains of non-spheroidal shape can be treated only as approximation. A software was developed with two parts. The first part calculates the probability matrix. The second part uses this matrix and minimizes the chi-square. The results are presented with any number of size classes as required. The probability matrix was determined by means of the linear intercept and section area distributions created by computer simulation. Using curve fittings the probability matrix for spheres of any sizes could be determined. Two kinds of tests were carried out to prove the efficiency of the Technique. The theoretical tests represent ideal cases. The software was able to exactly find the proposed grain size distribution. In the second test, a structure was simulated in computer and images of its slices were used to produce the corresponding linear intercept the section area distributions. These distributions were then unfolded. This test simulates better reality. The results show deviations from the real size distribution. This deviations are caused by statistic fluctuation. The unfolding of the linear intercept distribution works perfectly, but the unfolding of section area distribution does not work due to a failure in the chi-square minimization. The minimization method uses a matrix inversion routine. The matrix generated by this procedure cannot be inverted. Other minimization method must be used / A rotina de desdobramento (unfolding) de distribui??es de intercepto linear e de ?rea de se??o foi implementada para gr?os de formato esf?rico. Apesar da rotina de unfolding ser fortemente dependente do formato do gr?o, estruturas que possuam gr?os com formatos esferoidais podem ser tratadas com esta rotina. Mesmo estruturas com gr?os de formatos n?o esferoidais podem ser tratadas por aproxima??o. Um programa com duas partes foi desenvolvido. Primeira parte determina a tabela de probabilidades. A segunda utiliza esta tabela e aplica o m?todo de minimiza??o do chi-quadrado. Os resultados s?o dados em qualquer n?mero de classes de tamanho de gr?o requerido pelo usu?rio. A tabela de probabilidade foi determinada a partir de distribui??es de intercepto linear e de ?rea de se??o geradas por simula??o computacional. Por meio de ajustes de curvas de distribui??o, tabelas de probabilidades para esferas de qualquer tamanho podem ser determinadas. Dois tipos de testes foram executados para verificar a efici?ncia do m?todo. Os testes te?ricos representam situa??es ideais. O programa conseguiu reproduzir com exatid?o as distribui??es de tamanho de gr?o sugeridas. Os testes simulados consistem em simular em computador distribui??es de tamanho de gr?os e executar todo o procedimento metalogr?fico usual. Este tipo de teste ? mais pr?ximo da situa??o real. Os resultados deste tipo de teste mostram que a rotina de medi??o estereol?gica introduz desvios estat?sticos, afastando o resultado encontrado do valor real. Contudo, a rotina de unfolding funciona perfeitamente para a distribui??o de intercepto linear. No caso de unfolding de ?rea de se??o, a minimiza??o do chi-quadrado pelo m?todo matricial gera matrizes n?o invers?veis e n?o pode ser aplicada. Outro m?todo de minimiza??o deve ser buscado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EzequiasME_TESE.pdf: 4077046 bytes, checksum: 10fbafe209b02444fb805640364b456c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-22 / This work focuses on the creation and applications of a dynamic simulation software in order to study the hard metal structure (WC-Co). The technological ground used to increase the GPU hardware capacity was Geforce 9600 GT along with the PhysX chip created to make games more realistic. The software simulates the three-dimensional carbide structure to the shape of a cubic box where tungsten carbide (WC) are modeled as triangular prisms and truncated triangular prisms. The program was proven effective regarding checking testes, ranging from calculations of parameter measures such as the capacity to increase the number of particles simulated dynamically. It was possible to make an investigation of both the mean parameters and distributions stereological parameters used to characterize the carbide structure through cutting plans. Grounded on the cutting plans concerning the analyzed structures, we have investigated the linear intercepts, the intercepts to the area, and the perimeter section of the intercepted grains as well as the binder phase to the structure by calculating the mean value and distribution of the free path. As literature shows almost consensually that the distribution of the linear intercepts is lognormal, this suggests that the grain distribution is also lognormal. Thus, a routine was developed regarding the program which made possible a more detailed research on this issue. We have observed that it is possible, under certain values for the parameters which define the shape and size of the Prismatic grain to find out the distribution to the linear intercepts that approach the lognormal shape. Regarding a number of developed simulations, we have observed that the distribution curves of the linear and area intercepts as well as the perimeter section are consistent with studies on static computer simulation to these parameters. / Este trabalho versa sobre a cria??o e as aplica??es de um software de simula??o din?mica para estudo da estrutura do metal duro (WC-Co). A base tecnol?gica utilizada para amplia??o da capacidade de hardware foi a GPU Geforce 9600 GT com o chip Physx criada com o prop?sito de dar mais realismo aos jogos eletr?nicos. O software simula a estrutura tridimensional do metal duro com o formato de uma caixa c?bica onde os carbetos de tungst?nio (WC) s?o modelados como prismas triangulares e prismas triangulares truncados. O programa se mostrou eficiente em testes de verifica??o, desde c?lculos de medidas de par?metros como na capacidade de amplia??o do n?mero de part?culas simuladas dinamicamente. Foi poss?vel fazer uma investiga??o de par?metros m?dios e de distribui??es de par?metros estereol?gicos utilizados para caracterizar a estrutura do metal duro atrav?s de planos de cortes. Nos planos de cortes das estruturas analisadas foram investigados os interceptos lineares, intercepto de ?rea e per?metro de se??o dos gr?os interceptados e a fase ligante da estrutura atrav?s do c?lculo do valor m?dio e da distribui??o do livre caminho. Como a literatura ? quase consensual que a distribui??o dos interceptos lineares ? lognormal e que isso sugere que a distribui??o dos gr?os na estrutura tamb?m seja lognormal, foi desenvolvida uma rotina no programa, que possibilitou uma investiga??o mais detalhada dessa quest?o. Foi observado que ? poss?vel, sob certos valores para os par?metros que definem o formato e tamanho do gr?o prism?tico, encontrar distribui??o de interceptos lineares que se aproximam do formato lognormal. Nas v?rias simula??es desenvolvidas foi verificado que as curvas de distribui??es de interceptos lineares, de ?rea e per?metro de se??o, est?o de acordo com trabalhos na literatura de simula??o computacional est?tica desses par?metros.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosAFR.pdf: 4078279 bytes, checksum: 366f0859503e4c45e56db94e388e42e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / Steam injection is the most used method of additional recovery for the extraction of heavy oil. In this type procedure is common to happen gravitational segregation and this phenomenon can affect the production of oil and therefore, it shoulds be considered in the projects of continuous steam injection. For many years, the gravitational segregation was not adequately considered in the calculation procedures in Reservoir Engineering. The effect of the gravity causes the segregation of fluids inside the porous media according to their densities. The results of simulation arising from reservoirs could provide the ability to deal with the gravity, and it became apparent that the effects of the gravity could significantly affect the performance of the reservoir. It know that the gravitational segregation can happen in almost every case where there is injection of light fluid, specially the steam, and occurs with greater intensity for viscous oil reservoirs. This work discusses the influence of some parameters of the rock-reservoir in segregation as viscosity, permeability, thickness, cover gas, porosity. From a model that shows the phenomenon with greater intensity, optimized some operational parameters as the rate flow rate steam, distance between the wells injector-producer, and interval of completion which contributed to the reduction in gravity override, thus increasing the oil recovery. It was shown a greater technical-economic viability for the model of distance between the wells 100 m. The analysis was performed using the simulator of CMG (Computer Modeling Group-Stars 2007.11, in which was observed by iterating between studied variables in heavy oil reservoirs with similar characteristics to Brazilian Northeast / A inje??o de vapor ? o m?todo de recupera??o suplementar mais utilizado para a recupera??o de ?leos pesados. Neste tipo de processo ? comum acontecer a segrega??o gravitacional e este fen?meno pode afetar a produ??o de ?leo e, por isso, deve ser considerado nos projetos de inje??o cont?nua de vapor. Por muitos anos, a segrega??o gravitacional n?o era adequadamente considerada em procedimentos de c?lculo em Engenharia de Reservat?rios. O efeito da gravidade faz com que ocorra a segrega??o de fluidos, isto ?, os fluidos tendem a se arranjar dentro do meio poroso de acordo com as suas densidades. Os resultados advindos de simula??o de reservat?rios forneceram a capacidade para lidar com a gravidade, e tornou-se aparente que os efeitos da gravidade poderiam afetar significativamente o desempenho do reservat?rio. Sabe-se que a segrega??o gravitacional pode ocorrer em quase todos os casos onde h? inje??o de fluidos leves, especialmente o vapor, e ocorre com maior intensidade para reservat?rios de ?leos viscosos. Neste trabalho ? abordada a influ?ncia de alguns par?metros da rocha-reservat?rio na segrega??o como viscosidade, permeabilidade, espessura, capa de g?s e porosidade. A partir de um modelo que apresenta o fen?meno com maior intensidade, otimizaram-se alguns par?metros operacionais como vaz?o de inje??o de vapor, dist?ncia entre os po?os injetor-produtor e intervalo de completa??o que contribu?ram para a redu??o do efeito, aumento assim o fator de recupera??o. Foi mostrada uma maior viabilidade t?cnica-econ?mica para o modelo de dist?ncia entre os po?os de 100 m. A an?lise foi realizada utilizando o simulador comercial da CMG (Computer Modelling Group) - Stars 2007.11, onde foi observada a intera??o entre as vari?veis estudadas em reservat?rios com caracter?sticas semelhantes aos encontrados no Nordeste brasileiro

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseTMAP.pdf: 3429155 bytes, checksum: 9d06d453f156a78546476b9e1a22c995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Until the early 90s, the simulation of fluid flow in oil reservoir basically used the numerical technique of finite differences. Since then, there was a big development in simulation technology based on streamlines, so that nowadays it is being used in several cases and it can represent the physical mechanisms that influence the fluid flow, such as compressibility, capillarity and gravitational segregation. Streamline-based flow simulation is a tool that can help enough in waterflood project management, because it provides important information not available through traditional simulation of finite differences and shows, in a direct way, the influence between injector well and producer well. This work presents the application of a methodology published in literature for optimizing water injection projects in modeling of a Brazilian Potiguar Basin reservoir that has a large number of wells. This methodology considers changes of injection well rates over time, based on information available through streamline simulation. This methodology reduces injection rates in wells of lower efficiency and increases injection rates in more efficient wells. In the proposed model, the methodology was effective. The optimized alternatives presented higher oil recovery associated with a lower water injection volume. This shows better efficiency and, consequently, reduction in costs. Considering the wide use of the water injection in oil fields, the positive outcome of the modeling is important, because it shows a case study of increasing of oil recovery achieved simply through better distribution of water injection rates / At? o in?cio da d?cada de 90, a simula??o de fluxo em reservat?rio de petr?leo basicamente utilizava a t?cnica num?rica de diferen?as finitas. Desde ent?o, houve um grande desenvolvimento da tecnologia de simula??o com base em linhas de fluxo, de modo que hoje ela tem sido usada em v?rios casos e se encontra adequada para representar os diversos mecanismos f?sicos que influenciam o fluxo de fluidos no reservat?rio, tais como compressibilidade, capilaridade e segrega??o gravitacional. A simula??o baseada em linhas de fluxo ? uma ferramenta que pode ajudar bastante no gerenciamento de projetos de inje??o de ?gua, pois fornece informa??es importantes n?o disponibilizadas atrav?s da simula??o tradicional de diferen?as finitas e mostra, de forma direta, a influ?ncia entre po?o injetor e po?o produtor. Este trabalho apresenta a aplica??o de uma metodologia existente na literatura para otimizar projeto de inje??o de ?gua em um reservat?rio pertencente a um campo de petr?leo da Bacia Potiguar que possui elevado n?mero de po?os. Esta metodologia considera modifica??es das cotas de inje??o dos po?os ao longo do tempo, com base nas informa??es dispon?veis atrav?s da simula??o por linhas de fluxo. Esta metodologia reduz as vaz?es de inje??o dos po?os de menor efici?ncia e aumenta as vaz?es de inje??o dos po?os mais eficientes. No modelo proposto, a metodologia se mostrou eficaz. As alternativas de otimiza??o apresentaram uma maior recupera??o de ?leo associada a um menor volume de inje??o de ?gua. Isto demonstra uma melhor efici?ncia e, consequentemente, uma redu??o de custos. Considerando a ampla utiliza??o da inje??o de ?gua em campos de petr?leo, o resultado positivo da modelagem ? importante, porque apresenta um estudo de caso de aumento da recupera??o de petr?leo, alcan?ado simplesmente atrav?s de uma melhor distribui??o das vaz?es de inje??o de ?gua

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TommyAP_capa_ate_cap4.pdf: 809913 bytes, checksum: 0090aa039ef326f260cb40945133e6d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The gas injection has become the most important IOR process in the United States. Furthermore, the year 2006 marks the first time the gas injection IOR production has surpassed that of steam injection. In Brazil, the installation of a petrochemical complex in the Northeast of Brazil (Bahia State) offers opportunities for the injection of gases in the fields located in the Rec?ncavo Basin. Field-scale gas injection applications have almost always been associated with design and operational difficulties. The mobility ratio, which controls the volumetric sweep, between the injected gas and displaced oil bank in gas processes, is typically unfavorable due to the relatively low viscosity of the injected gas. Furthermore, the difference between their densities results in severe gravity segregation of fluids in the reservoirs, consequently leading to poor control in the volumetric sweep. Nowadays, from the above applications of gas injection, the WAG process is most popular. However, in attempting to solve the mobility problems, the WAG process gives rise to other problems associated with increased water saturation in the reservoir including diminished gas injectivity and increased competition to the flow of oil. The low field performance of WAG floods with oil recoveries in the range of 5-10% is a clear indication of these problems. In order to find na effective alternative to WAG, the Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) was developed. This process is designed to take advantage of gravity force to allow vertical segregation between the injected CO2 and reservoir crude oil due to their density difference. This process consists of placing horizontal producers near the bottom of the pay zone and injecting g?s through existing vertical wells in field. Homogeneous models were used in this work which can be extrapolated to commercial application for fields located in the Northeast of Brazil. The simulations were performed in a CMG simulator, the STARS 2007.11, where some parameters and their interactions were analyzed. The results have shown that the CO2 injection in GAGD process increased significantly the rate and the final recovery of oil / A inje??o de g?s tem sido o m?todo de recupera??o mais utilizado nos Estados Unidos e o ano de 2006 marca a primeira vez em que a produ??o proveniente dos processos de inje??o de g?s superou os de inje??o de vapor. No Brasil, a instala??o do complexo petroqu?mico, no estado da Bahia, oferece oportunidades para inje??o de g?s na Bacia do Rec?ncavo. As aplica??es de inje??o de g?s em campo foram quase sempre associadas com dificuldades operacionais e de projetos. A raz?o de mobilidade, que controla a varredura volum?trica, entre o g?s injetado e o banco de ?leo deslocado, ? tipicamente desfavor?vel devido ? baixa viscosidade do g?s. Al?m de que a diferen?a entre as densidades conduz a segrega??o gravitacional severa dos fluidos no reservat?rio e consequentemente, levando a um pobre controle na varredura volum?trica. Atualmente, grande parte dos projetos de inje??o de g?s no mundo ? do tipo WAG. Entretanto, na tentativa de resolver os problemas de mobilidade, o processo WAG causa outros problemas como o aumento na satura??o de ?gua no reservat?rio, incluindo a diminui??o na injetividade do g?s e aumento da competi??o no fluxo do ?leo. O baixo desempenho na recupera??o de ?leo deste processo no campo, na ordem de 5 a 10%, ? uma clara indica??o destes problemas. A fim de encontrar uma alternativa eficaz para o WAG, o processo de drenagem gravitacional assistida por inje??o de g?s (GAGD) foi desenvolvido. O processo GAGD ? projetado para tomar vantagem da for?a gravitacional causando assim, a segrega??o vertical entre o CO2 injetado e a reserva de ?leo devido ? diferen?a de densidades. Este processo consiste na coloca??o de po?os produtores horizontais pr?ximos a parte inferior da zona de ?leo e inje??o de g?s atrav?s de po?os verticais existentes em campo. Modelos homog?neos foram utilizados neste trabalho os quais podem ser extrapolados para aplica??o comercial em campos localizados no nordeste brasileiro. As simula??es foram realizadas no simulador da CMG STARS 2007.11, sendo analisados alguns par?metros e suas intera??es. Os resultados mostraram que a inje??o de CO2 no processo GAGD aumentou significativamente a vaz?o e a recupera??o final de ?leo