Le développement de la régulation émotionnelle est l’un des apprentissages importants au cours de la petite enfance. Cet apprentissage permet à l’enfant de s’ajuster plus efficacement aux diverses situations auxquelles il doit faire face quotidiennement : attendre la disponibilité de la figure de soins, garder une certaine maîtrise de soi dans les moments de plaisir ou de déplaisir, accepter de partager, faire face à la nouveauté, etc. Inversement, il a maintes fois été démontré que les enfants ayant des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle sont susceptibles de présenter diverses problématiques d’adaptation allant jusqu’à la psychopathologie. Bien que ces liens soient de plus en plus établis, les difficultés de régulation émotionnelle ont peu été étudiées parmi les populations cliniques de jeunes enfants. La présente étude exploratoire propose donc de décrire ce qui caractérise la régulation émotionnelle de 42 enfants âgés de 12 à 61 mois en processus d’évaluation psychiatrique au CHU Ste-Justine. Pour ce faire, les données issues d’un protocole observationnel suscitant une frustration modérée chez l’enfant (Stansbury & Sigman, 2000) ont été codées en utilisant un instrument de type tri de cartes, développé par l’équipe. À partir des données obtenues, des statistiques descriptives ont permis de dresser un portrait détaillé de l’échantillon. Puis, à la suite des analyses Q, cinq profils de régulation émotionnelle ont été identifiés parmi les enfants observés : l’enfant désengagé-neutre, l’enfant engagé-positif, l’enfant demandeur-contenu, l’enfant désengagé-troublé et l’enfant demandeur-agressif. De plus, comme il est maintenant avéré que le développement de la régulation émotionnelle prend en partie son origine dans la relation parent-enfant (Fox & Calkins, 2003 ; Jaffe, Gullone, & Hughes, 2010), des analyses de contingence ont été effectuées afin de vérifier l’existence d’un lien entre les profils de régulation émotionnelle identifiés et les styles d’attachement des participants classifiés à partir du Protocole de séparation-réunion (Cassidy, Marvin, & Attachment Working Group of the MacArthur Network, 1992) dans le cadre d’une étude plus large. Une seule corrélation est apparue statistiquement significative, le profil d’enfant demandeur-agressif se révélant associé au style d’attachement ambivalent. Il semble ainsi que bien que les analyses descriptives aient mis en lumière certaines similitudes entre les stratégies de régulation émotionnelle employées lors de la Situation frustrante et celles propres aux différents styles d’attachement en contexte de séparation-réunion, les profils de régulation émotionnelle démontrent peu de correspondance avec les sous-groupes d’attachement lorsqu’une approche statistique est employée. À la lumière de ces résultats, il apparait que les jeunes enfants évalués en pédopsychiatrie ont des profils de régulation émotionnelle diversifiés qui ne sont pas simplement associés au style d’attachement dans lequel ils évoluent. Le plan de traitement qui leur est offert devrait donc tenir compte des particularités de chacun des cinq profils de régulation émotionnelle identifiés afin d’optimiser la réponse aux besoins offerte à ces enfants et leurs figures de soins.

ABSTRACT PREDICTORS OF SITUATION AWARENESS IN GRADUATE STUDENT REGISTERED NURSE ANESTHETISTS Suzanne M. Wright, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: J. James Cotter, Ph.D. Situation awareness (SA) is defined as one’s perception of the elements of the environment, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future. Stated more simply, SA is knowing what is going on around you. The concept of SA is well known in the field of aviation which is characterized by complexity and dynamism. The discipline of anesthesia shares these same characteristics, yet the study of SA in this setting is in its infancy. Human error has been implicated in nearly 80% of all preventable medical errors. It is well documented that lack of SA frequently contributes to human error. Although the discipline of anesthesia has led the medical field in patient safety through rigorous study of human error and adverse events in the operating room, crises in anesthesia still exist. Nurse anesthetists should possess the ability to acquire and maintain SA at all times during clinical situations in the operating room, yet there are no studies examining SA in this population. Guided by Endsley’s theory of situation awareness, the purpose of this study was to provide nurse anesthesia educators with a best evidence predictor model of SA in GSRNAs for curricular implementation. The study objectives are to determine: a) the extent to which memory, cognition, and automaticity are related to situation awareness, b) the extent to which any relationship amongst memory, cognition, and automaticity mediates their relationship with situation awareness, and c) the extent to which Endsley’s theory of situation awareness is supported in the GSRNA population. After IRB approval, 71 GSRNAs were randomly selected from each of three universities chosen for this study. A non-experimental, correlational design was used to measure the relationship between memory, cognition, and automaticity and SA. Situation awareness was measured by the WOMBAT-CS, a computer-based assessment tool for evaluating SA in complex-system operators such as pilots, air traffic controllers, and anesthetists. A stepwise multiple regression was performed between the GSRNA attributes and SA scores. Beta-weights were used to identify the magnitude each relationship. Findings from this study revealed that cognition best predicts SA in the population of Graduate Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists, with the addition of memory and automaticity contributing no additional predictive value to the model. The results of this study have the potential to make a positive impact on the education and training of GSRNAs. Additionally, this study may provide foundational support for further research directed at assessing the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulated operating room environments in promoting SA in GSRNAs.

This thesis deals with the possible way to use the Theory of didactic situations in the second level of Czech primary schools. The main topic of the experiment is the introduction of functions in the 9th grade of primary schools. The entire work is divided into two parts - theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part is focused on introduction of the Theory of didactic situations and processing the topic in the educational materials used in the Czech Republic. It also deals with the historical development of the topic of functions in the Czech curricula. In this context, the author conducted a survey, the purpose of which was primarily the view of a primary school mathematics teacher on teaching of functions and on changes that recently accompany the Czech school system. In the experimental part, the author presents detailed information about the educational block processed and implemented according to the principles of the Theory of didactic situations. The aim of the experiment was to watch the reaction of students to the concept of teaching according to the Theory of didactic situations and to evaluate their success in relation to the desired outcomes of the topic. The thesis describes the preparation, progress and evaluation of the prepared educational unit.

La notion de compétence et l'approche par compétences constituent une véritable préoccupation pour les différents systèmes éducatifs. L'introduction de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage fondés sur les compétences constitue le noyau et la base des projets de réforme actuels pour adapter les écoles aux besoins de notre temps. L'APC met en relief la capacité de l'élève d'utiliser ce qu'il a appris à l'école dans des situations de la vie quotidienne. L'objectif premier de notre recherche consiste à étudier l'impact de l'introduction de l'APC sur le système éducatif libanais et la possibilité d'adapter cette approche au sein des écoles libanaises publiques. Pour ce faire, l'idée d'un projet d'un curriculum est mise en place, fondée sur une APC compatible avec les conditions d'enseignement au Liban. / The concept of competence and the approach by competence constitute a genuine preoccupation of different educatifs systems. The introduction of process teaching and learning based on competences is the core of reforming projects required by the schools to adapt to the contemporary needs. The approach by competence accentuate the skills of student to practice whatever he learned at the school in his everyday life. The essential objectif of this study is to analyze the effect of the introduction of the approach by competence on the Lebanese educatif system and the possibility to adapt this approach in the Lebanese public schools. Thus, to achieve our goal, a Curriculum based on the approach by competence compatible with the Lebanese conditions of teaching been established.

M.Phil. (Psychology) / The aim of this study is to examine the influence that the parent-child relationship has over development of the adolescent. This isdone through the theoretical concept of individuation. The basic assumption of this study is that it is not only the adolescent that undergoes certain developmental changes during individuation, but that the relationship context wherein he finds himself, also changes. Furthermore, the adolescent and his context influence one another mutually. Individuation does not just pose certain demands on the adolescent, but also on the parent-adolescent relationship as well as the family system. It is also evident that family functioning has an important influence over the type and quality of the parent-adolescent relationship. Therefore the dynamic interaction between family functioning, the characteristics of the parent-adolescent relationship, and the personality development of the adolescent is being examined according to developmental theories as well as the family system approach. In order to examine the relation between the personality characteristics of the adolescent and the characteristics of the parent-adolescent relationship, a single conceptual model is used in which the common theoretical traits that occur in both the developmental and systems approach, is integrated. Various types of parent-adolescent interaction is therefore identified according to this integrated theoretical model, whereupon the relation between this types of parent-adolescent interactions and specified personality traits of the adolescent can be examined.

This diploma thesis is a financial analysis of the company SHC Prague TRS, a.s. from 2005 to 2009, which manages Hotel InterContinental Praha. Firstly, the aim of this work is to evaluate the financial efficiency of the hotel through financial analysis, and secondly to indicate the possibility for development of financial management in the future. The financial analysis is based on external data from annual reports of the company. The thesis is devided into two chapters and completed with supplements. The first chapter is theoretical, where the principal meaning and functions of the financial analysis are characterized, source information and users of results are presented, and methodology of financial analysis is explained. The second chapter is practical, where basic information about the company is mentioned and a financial analysis is made applying the methods and procedures described in the first part. In conclusion, the results are summarized and there is a complete evaluation of the financial situation of SHC Prague TRS, a.s., that operates Hotel InterContinenatal Praha.

The thesis deals with the chilean economy, its development, current economic situation, integration in international relations and future pespectives. The first chapter summarizes the basic information about the Reublic of Chile including the history of the country that significantly influenced its current face. The second part focuses on chilean macroeconomic situation including the foreign trade and investments. The third chapter analysis the chilean integration in global economy and the cooperation with the most important trade partners - the European Union, the USA and China. The last part is concerned with the nowadays problems, challenges and future perspectives where the impact of the recent global economic crisis and the destructive earthquake cannot be missed out.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der psychischen Befindlichkeit und anderer gesundheitsbezogenen Konditionen der Frauen und Männer mit familiären Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinomrisiko sowie die Klärung hinsichtlich der Bewältigung und Auswirkung genetischer Risikoinformation. Es wurden Risikowahrnehmung, Informationsstand, Inanspruchnahme der Beratungsangebote sowie der Früherkennungsmaßnahmen, Einstellung gegenüber genetischer Brustkrebsdiagnostik und familiärer/sozialer Kommunikation untersucht. Die vollständig ausgefüllten Fragebögen von Ratsuchenden und Betroffenen, die an der Beratung und Befragung im Zentrum für „Familiären Brust-/Eierstockkrebs“ teilgenommen haben, wurden von uns ausgewertet. Für die beratenden Institutionen ist das Wissen der vielfältigen psychischen und sozialen Folgen bei den Testsuchenden und deren Familien sehr wichtig. Nur so kann das Betreuungskonzept und das Beratungsangebot verbessert werden. / Goal of this dissertation was to examine the mental state and other health related conditions of women and men with familial breast and ovarian cancer risk and the clarification with regard to coping and impact of genetic risk information. Risk perception, level of information, usage of advisory services and early diagnosis measures, attitude towards genetic breast cancer diagnosis and familial/social communication have been investigated. The completely filled questionnaires of medical advice seeking and concerned persons having participated in the counseling and questioning in the center of familial breast and ovarian cancer have been evaluated by us. For the counseling institutions it is very important to have knowledge about the multifaceted mental and social implications of persons undergoing tests and their families. This is the only way to improve the care concept and the advisory services.

The aim of this study was to investigate why some college students choose to only study during their education time and others to work in parallel with their studies. The aim was also to find out whether there was any difference between the two groups regarding health, tiredness, stress and economic. The participants consisted of students at universities in Sweden (n = 3437), of which 57,9 % were women and 42,1 % were men. The study's measuring instrument was a questionnaire that consisted questions about if and why the student worked or not during their education time. Self-assessment answers for health, tiredness, sleep, stress and economy. The results were analyzed and showed that it was economic reasons for why student worked in parallel with the studies. There was a significant difference between the groups how they experienced their financial situation, where working-class students stated their finances as inferior. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the perception of health, sleep and stress. A significant gender difference in the results showed that women experienced more stress, bad sleep and ill health. Finally, the results of the study and suggestion for further research were discussed. / Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka varför vissa högskolestudenter väljer att enbart studera och andra att yrkesarbeta parallellt med studierna. Samt att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i hur grupperna, enbart studerande vid högre studier och yrkesarbetande parallellt med studierna, upplevde hälsa, trötthet, stress och ekonomi under studietiden. Deltagarna bestod av studerande på högskola och universitet i Sverige (n=3437) varav 57,9 % var kvinnor och 42,1% var män. Studiens mätinstrument var en enkät som bestod av bland annat frågor om studenten yrkesarbetade under studietiden, självskattning av upplevelsen av hälsa, trötthet, stress och ekonomi. Resultatet analyserades och visade att ekonomiska skäl var den främsta orsaken till att högskolestudenter yrkesarbetade parallellt med studierna. Det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna hur de upplevde sin ekonomiska situation, där yrkesarbetande studenter uppgav sin ekonomi som sämre. Det fanns däremot ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna i upplevelse av hälsa, trötthet och stress. En signifikant könsskillnad i resultatet visade att kvinnor upplevde mer trötthet, stress och ohälsa. Slutligen diskuteras studiens resultat samt förslag på vidare forskning.

Nesta pesquisa, busca-se analisar alguns aspectos da vinculação entre dois momentos da obra de Jean-Paul Sartre a partir da relação entre ontologia e história. O primeiro momento, marcado pela ontologia fenomenológica de O ser e o nada, apresentaria estruturas caracterizadas por uma a-historicidade; o segundo momento, marcado principalmente pela aproximação do marxismo e um grande peso dado à história, encontra-se principalmente em Questão de método e Crítica da razão dialética. Ao contrário das interpretações que afirmam a incompatibilidade entre esses dois momentos da obra de Sartre, mostra-se ao longo do texto que as estruturas da ontologia fenomenológica, se não apresentam uma formulação sobre a história, são uma abertura para ela, pois descrevem um processo de totalização de si do sujeito que o lança em uma totalização de totalizações a qual, por sua vez, é o próprio processo histórico. / This research aims to analyze some aspects of the link between two moments of Jean-Paul Sartre\'s philosophy regarding the relation between ontology and history. The first moment, marked by the phenomenological ontology of Being and Nothingness, would present structures characterized by a-historicity; the second moment, marked by an approach of Marxism and by a great weight being ascribed to history, is found mainly in Question of method and in Critique of dialectical reason. Contrary to the interpretations that sustain the existence of an incompatibility between these two moments of Sartre\'s thought, this work argues that the structures of phenomenological ontology, if they do not present a formulation about history, they nonetheless hold an opening towards it, since they describe a process through which the subject carries out a totalization of herself that throws her into a totalization of totalizations which, in turn, is the historical process itself.