Šis darbas nagrinėja naujas, lanksčias energijos efektyvumą skatinančias priemones, kurios paremtos rinką imituojančiais mechanizmais. Baltieji sertifikatai yra visiškai naujas mechanizmas, gyvuojantis tik nedaugelyje šalių. Energijos efektyvumo skatinimas yra tiesiogiai susijęs su ekologija, aplinkosauga, todėl priemonių skatinančių taupyti ir efektyviai naudoti energiją labai trūksta ir jų įvedimas į rinką yra labai aktualus. / This job deals with modeling the effects of introducing a market-based tool for improving end-users’ efficiency in an energy market which is already regulated through a cap-and-trade system for green house gas emissions and a quota system meant to improve competitiveness of energy produced using renewable resources. Our results show that the regulation of energy demand achieves its underlying objects of energy savings and energy efficiency solely at the expense of other goals such as the environmental efficiency of energy production. In our model, the implementation of a market for White Certificates (WCTS) causes energy producers’ investment in abatement to decrease along with the price for Brown Certificates and the amount of renewable energy demanded. Once we turn to the currently more empirically relevant case of integrating endusers only partially into WCTS, the unregulated group compensates in parts for the decrease in demand of the regulated group, due to an indirect price effect. As both supply and demand side of the market are regulated, this special set of regulations applied can, therefore, be compared to the grip of printers embracing the entire market, leaving some of it virtually scarred. Consequently, we intended to search for alternative policy measures, which are able to achieve an increase in endusers’ energy efficiency without the negative side-effects witnessed in case of a WCTS. In our model a subsidized reduction in the price for households’ investment... [to full text]

Lietuvai atkūrus nepriklausomybę, staiga keitėsi gyvenimo būdas, atsirado naujų gyvenimo iššūkių - atviresnių tarpusavio santykiai, vis atsinaujinančios technologijos, įvairios reformos, reorganizacijos ir pan. Daug ką kopijuojame ar tiesiog perimame iš kitų šalių, nes mąstymas, sąmonė, tradicijos, įpročiai nespėja keistis. Mokykla pasuko vakarietiško demokratėjimo kryptimi. Todėl keičiasi mokyklos klimatas, kartu keičiasi ir mokyklos bendruomenės narių tarpusavio santykiai, kuriamos sąlygos asmenybės ugdymui. Visuomenė mokyklai iškelia dvejopą vaidmenį: mokyklą turi suteikti mokiniams kokybišką išsilavinimą ir ugdyti laisvai bei kritiškai mąstančius asmenis, gebančius priimti savarankiškus sprendimus ir mokančius prisitaikyti kintančiame pasaulyje. Kiekvienam vaikui įgimtas noras eiti į mokyklą, kur įgyjama pirmoji patirtis. Šalia esantys žmonės mokykloje sukuria sąlygas vaikams, kad šie „judėtų reikiama kryptimi“. Mokinių pasiekimų tyrimai rodo, kad prastėja mokymosi kokybė, dažniau mokiniai paliekami kurso kartoti, daugiau mokinių praleidžia pamokas be pateisinamos priežasties ar iš vis nustoja lankyti mokyklą. Pirmuosius sunkumus mokiniai patiria jau III-IV klasėje ar anksčiau. Vadinasi, ugdymo proceso organizavime yra trūkumų. Todėl tyrimo objektas - mokyklos vadovų ir mokytojų pradinių klasių mokinių mokymosi motyvacijos skatinimas, o tikslas - išsiaiškinti pradinės mokyklos ugdymo organizavimo ir valdymo galimybes bei įtaką pradinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / After Lithuanian going independence our may of life changed, we met have more open relationship, new technologies, different reforms, reorganization and etc. Our way of thinking, consciousness, traditions and habits are slowly changing that’s way a lot of things we just copy from other countries. School has turned to western democracy. With this turn school’s climate is changing together with school’s community member’s relationship and growing conditions for personality development. Society raises dual task for school. Firstly school has to give qualified education, then develop free and critical thinking, also persons who can take independent decisions and adopt in changing world. Every child has innate desire go to school, where he gets his first experience. School’s personal create circumstances, which lead children. Pupil’s achievements research shows that studying quality is decreasing; more children miss classes without just fictive reasons or stop attending school at all. Every child has innate desire so know and learn, but already in 3rd and 4th forms they experience first studying difficulties. It means that there are some defects of development process management. The object of this survey is learning of the motivation school’s heads, teachers and pupils of primary school. To reach the purpose these methods were chosen theoretical (pedagogical, psychological, social, philosophical) literature, educational system documents studies; comparative conception and... [to full text]

The object of research – cooperative “Daržovių centras”. The subject of research – promotion and forces having influence on it. The aim of the work – to prepare promotion strategy for cooperative “Daržovių centras”. The tasks: 1) to estimate forces, influencing marketing and promotion strategy in organization; 2) to analyze theoretical aspects of promotion instrumentality and define relations between them; 3) to identify promotion strategy stages; 4) to analyze environmental forces, influencing promotion; 5) to analyze forces influencing promotion inside organization; 6) to summarize influence of all forces and to prepare the model of promotion strategy. Methods of research – analyses and synthesis of literature, analyses of statistical data, half-structured interview, questionnaire poll, graphics, PEST analyses, SWOT analyses, portfolio analyses. Having analyzed theoretical aspects of strategic marketing management and made empirical research, it was find out the influence of different forces, affecting promotion strategy in cooperative „Daržovių centras“ and prepared the model of promotion strategy.