Older people are as diverse a group as they were as younger people. Home environments should reflect these diverse individuals' varying interests, preferences, and needs. In spite of efforts to remain independent and at home, some elderly people have to leave conventional housing and move into long-term care facilities because of factors such as mental or physical health problems or the loss of family members. Most elderly people who move into these facilities do not feel "at home" in their new living arrangements. Assisted living facilities (ALFs) have been developed as a response to these issues. The major goal of assisted living is to create a supportive social setting that elderly residents can call home. Although assisted living is the fastest growing long-term care alternative, it still needs to continually change in response to the needs of older residents and the desires and interests of family members. The purpose of this study was to examine the features that make residents feel "at home" in ALFs in Southwest Virginia and to suggest further policy and design guidelines for better quality of ALFs as a "home." For this purpose, residents' needs, experiences, and opinions of the physical environment, the social environment, and the organizational environments such as policies and programs of ALFs were identified. As a multi-site case study, I studied five ALFs in Southwest Virginia and did a cross-case analysis. In addition to face-to-face interviews with 25 residents and five administrators of five ALFs, I also conducted observations and recorded my feelings in a personal journal with document review. To analyze the data gathered in this study, I used the constant comparative method of data analysis. The respondents' age range was between 64 and 95 and the average age was 82. There were 6 males and 19 females among the respondents and most of them were widowed. They came from a wide geographic area, and most of them have lived in single-family homes for a long time. Many had children or family members nearby. Overall, the five sites selected presented homelike features showing the philosophy of assisted living which combines housing and services. Each facility was designed to be a single-family house or multi-family dwelling in outside appearance. However, the older the structure, the fewer homelike features were provided. As a whole, residents felt isolation and loneliness and they did not have active interaction with other residents because of diverse background among the residents. During meals, people had active interaction with one or two residents. However, all of them had close relationships with the staff. The staff's attitude and behavior seemed to influence greatly the residents' feeling "at home." Friends and family members also provided an important role for the residents to adjust to their new environment. Despite the provision of diverse activities by the facilities, many residents did not participate in the programs. Among the services provided, there were only a few complaints about food and mealtimes. Most of the residents agreed that the rules and regulations were fair; however, one person disagreed with the smoking rules. For the meaning of "home," many residents talked about love, fellowship, privilege, stability, and security. The administrators tried to make the residents feel "at home;" however, they mentioned the limitation of providing a real "home" for the residents due to the residents' diversity. Some categories which could contribute to the perception of ALFs as a "home" were classified by the researcher: safety and security, services and care, autonomy/privacy, independence, social life/friendship, family support, daily routine, personalization, physical environment, and management. Regardless of the type of facilities and the residents' characteristics, most of the respondents were satisfied with their current dwelling. In spite of high satisfaction with the facility, many people did not think of their current dwelling as a real "home." As the biggest difference between living in their own homes and living in the ALF, people pointed out a lack of independence, freedom, and autonomy. Moreover, they talked about the loneliness stemming from living with strangers who are not their family or friends. Residents of ALFs may have reordered their priorities in their current life situation so that safety, security, and care were more important to them than feeling "at home." Among the four factors --personal, physical, social, and organizational-- that affect the residents' perception of ALFs as a "home," many emphasized the importance of social factors such as relationships with the staff and residents, and social support from their family or friends. / Ph. D.

No / Occupational discrimination and segregation along gendered lines continue to be seen as problematic throughout the UK and the USA. Women continue to be attracted to occupations that are considered to be women's work, such as clerical, secretarial and personal service work, and inequalities persist even when women enter traditional male domains such as management Work psychology's chief, though indirect, contribution to this field has been through personnel selection research, where methods aimed at helping organizations to make more fair and unbiased selection decisions have been carefully examined. Our aim in this paper is to argue that, on their own, such methods can make very little difference to the position of women (and other minorities) in work organizations. The processes that are fundamental to organizational attraction and adjustment cannot, we contend, be understood adequately through reductionist approaches that treat organizational and individual characteristics as context independent realities. Drawing on critical management research and using the specific example of police work, we argue that work roles and work identities can be more fruitfully understood as social constructions that, when deconstructed, illuminate more powerfully how processes that lead to the relative subordination of women (and other groups) are both reproduced and challenged.

This thesis aims to analyze Sundby Hospital from a spatial perspective to gain a deeperunderstanding of the development of mental healthcare during the specified time period.The history of mental healthcare is often overlooked, particularly when examined through aspatial lens. By analyzing the history of Sundby Hospital, I aim not only to highlight aneglected aspect of Swedish history but also to understand how medical care interacted withthe physical and social environment.The spatial perspective is crucial for this thesis to understand how an institution like SundbyHospital viewed the landscape, the lived place of mental patients, and how the constructedspace was shaped by workers and utilized by patients. In conclusion, I examined patientsfrom Sundby Hospital through their medical records to give them a chance to highlight theirofficial space in Sundby Hospital. By addressing my three research questions, all concerningSundby Hospital and the spatial perspective, I have investigated how the spatial perspectiveimpacts an entire institution. The results have shown that the spatial perspective played asignificant role at Sundby Hospital as an institution, affecting both workers and patients.Patients' lives were restricted by the spatial arrangements, while workers tried to create asense of community and improvement through their efforts. Through my research on SundbyHospital, I have offered a more nuanced understanding of the personal implications ofintegrating a spatial perspective to explore how architecture and landscapes influenced theformation and experience of mental healthcare at Sundby Hospital.

Bakgrund: Problematisk skolfrånvaro oavsett motiv är ett hinder för elevens skolgång. Orsaker till skolfrånvaro kan vara skolk, kronisk sjukdom och tillfällig sjukdom. Elevhälsan där skolsköterskan ingår har en betydande roll i att främja elevers skolnärvaro och tidigt identifiera elever som behöver anpassningar för att nå utbildningsmål. Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån skolsköterskans roll utforska vilka faktorer som minskar skolfrånvaro. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt användes. Totalt 20 vetenskapliga artiklar varav elva kvantitativa och nio kvalitativa analyserades enligt Polit och Becks (2021) analysmetod. Resultat: Tre huvudteman framkom: Kännedom om elevens hälsa och livsvillkor, Skolsköterskans kompetens och Skolsköterskans närvaro och kommunikation. Problematisk skolfrånvaro kan bero på olika orsaker som elevens sociala miljö, skolk och kronisk sjukdom. Medicinsk kompetens hos skolsköterskan är viktigt för att kunna ge eleven evidensbaserad vård. Ett gott samarbete mellan hemmet och skolan samt att skolsköterskan är närvarande på skolan ger en trygghet för eleven och bidrar till att minska skolfrånvaro. Konklusion: Slutsatsen visar att skolsköterskan har en viktig roll för elevens närvaro genom att vara länken mellan eleven, hemmet och skolmiljön. Det visar sig en närvarande skolsköterska på skolan leder till minskad skolfrånvaro. / Background: Problematic absence from school, regardless of motive, is an obstacle to the student's school attendance. Reasons for school absence can be truancy, chronic illness and temporary illness. The school nurse has a significant role in promoting students' school attendance and early identification of students who may need support for the adaptation in the school and help them to reach their educational goals. Aim: The aim was to explore, based on the school nurse's role, which factors reduce school absenteeism. Method: A systematic literature review was used. A total of 20 scientific articles, eleven quantitative and nine qualitative, were analyzed according to Polit and Beck's (2021) analysis method. Findings: The analysis resulted in three main themes: Knowledge of the student's health and living conditions, the School Nurse's competence and the School Nurse's presence and communication. Problematic school absence can be due to various reasons; the student's social environment, truancy, chronic illness. The right medical competence of the school nurse is important to be able to provide the student with evidence-based care. Good cooperation between home and school, as well as the presence of the school nurse at school, provides security for the student and contributes to reducing school absences. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that the school nurse has an important role for the student's attendance by being the link between the student, the home and the school environment. It turns out that having a school nurse present at the school, leads to reduced school absenteeism.

Theoretical models of sexual selection assume that female mating preferences are fixed and variation found between individuals resulting solely from allelic variation at specific loci coding for sexual preferences. For the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that individual phenotypic variation in preferences was common across a wide range of taxa and induced by the environmental context and the females’ condition. Further, developmental stages of life are crucial in the formation of behaviours in general and have proven to be determinant to learn sexual preferences in some species that dispense care for their young. However, very little studies have analysed how the early social and physical environments shape female mate choice in species that lack parental care. In this thesis, I used guppies (Poecilia reticulata), firstly, to investigate the influence of various aspects of the social environment provided by males during two ontogenetic phases. Secondly, I explored whether learned preferences in a foraging context during development could be transferred into a mating context. Considering the early social environment, I explored three distinctive features potentially displayed by males and that females might experience while growing. Females were reared with different values of a sexual trait not genetically preferred in the population (orange colour) and different values of a trait for which they had innate predisposition (total colour area). In both cases, females were exposed to the different treatments for the whole developmental period or for its later phase. My results indicated that females changed their sexual behaviours in response to both type of traits experienced, reversing sometimes their genetic preferences. Moreover, the timing of exposure seemed to be a key factor in the acquisition of preferences as females exposed only to the later part of development with different values of total colour didn’t rely anymore on colour patterns to discriminate among males. In a third body of experiment, I examined whether the overall phenotypic variance exhibited by males during whole development, independently of the values of a specific sexual cue, mediated female’s behaviours. In a context of high variance, female became choosier relatively to those experiencing less variance. As a response, males switched mating tactics and attempted more forced copulations. In its final part, my thesis searched for a link that might have arisen, owing to developmental conditions, between preferences using the same sensory modality in two behavioural contexts. Maturing females were given food that was associated to a certain colour and subsequently tested for both their coloured preference in a foraging and a sexual context. Although no foraging preference for the corresponding colour was detected, females that experienced a yellow stimulus preferred yellower males compared to females with other experiences. Taken together these results suggest that developmental conditions and especially the social environment play a pivotal role in the process of mate choice. Under some circumstances, learned mate preferences override genetically-based preferences highlighting the importance of non-genetic mechanisms. Accordingly, it is urgent to integrate in the study of sexual selection and reproductive isolation this dimension. In guppies, for instance, the effect of early social life might contribute to the maintenance of colour pattern polymorphism found in males.

The main subject for this essay is how the possibility of recovery can be used as a resource in situations of high workload. The applicable law will be examined on the basis of the question what is the law in force at the possibility of recovery. The essay also touches the topic of delegation and what level of knowledge, competence and authority the managers have, to do the delegated work regarding work environment. The essay aims to investigate the new regulation AFS 2015: 4 which came into force on march 31 2016. This regulation is an effect of the high sickness rates that emerged in a survey conducted by the Work Environment Authority. According to the survey, the most common cause of sick leave among women is attributed to organizational and social factors. Employment law regulation in the form of the Work Environment Act and the regulations of the Work Environment Authority is processed to provide answers to the questions. Knowledge of stress and recovery are also given space in the essay. Furthermore, interviews were held as a part of a survey on selected businesses to examine how these companies work with the possibility of recovery. The survey also investigated how the companies work after implementation of the new regulation AFS 2015: 4 and the effects the regulation had on operations. All businesses have an over-representation of women. This selection was conscious because the paper has an overall gender perspective. The analysis concerns the legal research and empirical data processed in the paper to give answers to the questions. The Work Environment Act and the new regulation of AFS 2015: 4 can be concluded that the employer's health and safety responsibilities are far-reaching. Possibility of recovery given the fullest extent through breaks in the workplace. It is thus important that the employer ensures that the breaks are both scheduled and utilized. Whether the new regulation had any impact on sick leave, is in the current situation difficult to confirm. / Kandidatuppsatsens huvudämne är hur möjlighet till återhämtning kan användas som resurs vid hög arbetsbelastning. Gällande rätt kommer granskas utifrån frågeställningen vad gällande rätt är, vid möjlighet till återhämtning. Uppsatsen berör även ämnet delegering samt vad chefer har för kunskap, kompetens och befogenhet för att utföra ett delegerat arbetsmiljöarbete. Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda den nya föreskriften AFS 2015:4 som trädde i kraft 31 mars 2016. Föreskriften är en effekt av det höga sjuktal som framkommit i en undersökning utförd av arbetsmiljöverket. Enligt undersökningen kan den vanligaste orsaken till sjukskrivning bland kvinnor, härledas till organisatoriska och sociala faktorer. Arbetsrättslig reglering i form av Arbetsmiljölagen och Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter bearbetas för att ge svar till frågeställningarna. Kunskaper om stress och återhämtning ges även utrymme i uppsatsen. Vidare har en kartläggning gjorts på utvalda verksamheter för att granska hur dessa verksamheter arbetar med möjlighet till återhämtning. I kartläggningen utreds även hur verksamheterna arbetar efter implementeringen av den nya föreskriften AFS 2015:4 och vilka effekter föreskriften haft på verksamheterna. Samtliga verksamheter har en överrepresentation av kvinnor. Detta urval var medvetet då uppsatsen har ett övergripande genusperspektiv. Analysen berör den rättsutredning och empiri som bearbetats i uppsatsen för att ge svar på frågeställningarna. Genom Arbetsmiljölagen och den nya föreskriften AFS 2015:4 kan det konstateras att arbetsgivarens arbetsmiljöansvar är långtgående. Möjlighet till återhämtning ges i största utsträckning genom raster på arbetsplatserna. Det är således viktigt att arbetsgivaren säkerställer att rasterna är båda schemalagda samt utnyttjas. Huruvida den nya föreskriften haft någon påverkan på sjuktalen, är i dagsläget svårt att bekräfta.

Title: Issues of successful transition of football players from youth categories to seniors category Objectives: The primary aim of this thesis is to bring new looks at the issuess of football maturation and to describe the important factors of psychological development and the important social factors that usually affect the success of the football career, especially during the period of transition to seniors category. Methods: Our basic method was the retrospective analysis of professional career of current football players. According to the questionnaire research, we found some wanted factors related to the discussed period, which have positive effects on the football career. Results: This thesis shows some significant factors, which have positive effects on successful transition of players from youth categories to seniors category. The results of our research, as well as the findings and advices should be helpful for everyone, who participates in upbringing, training and sports career of adolescent football players. Keywords: psychological development, education, social environment, adolescence, talent, training, performance, success

As decisões governamentais, que permitem a expansão da geração hidrelétrica no Brasil, com bases em interesses voltados apenas ao crescimento econômico, traduzido quase exclusivamente pelo aumento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), estão em conflito com o fato do potencial hidráulico brasileiro, disponível para aproveitamento hidrelétrico, estar situado em bacias hidrográficas estabelecidas em áreas de ampla biodiversidade, ocupadas em grande medida por populações ribeirinhas, tradicionais e indígenas. Nesse contexto, a presente tese tem como objetivo central demonstrar por meio de uma análise teórico-empírica, que parte das estratégias institucionais, governamentais e empresariais componentes do processo decisório que estabelece a expansão da geração hidrelétrica no Brasil tem, em sua estruturação, dificultado a contestação dos que se opõem, ao limitar os espaços democráticos de decisão, inseridos em tais estratégias. A análise teórica estruturou-se a partir de conceitos centrais como: espaços de poder, poder simbólico, decisões tecnológicas, conflitos socioambientais, justiça ambiental, democracia e participação, na busca por fundamentar as reflexões referentes às estratégias decisórias, sua estruturação e o modo como estas invisibilizam alguns grupos, ao limitar a participação, fragilizando, assim, a democratização do processo envolto em muitos e diversos interesses. Para melhor estabelecer a compreensão e demonstração de tais questões, buscou-se ainda, de modo empírico, relacionar as discussões teóricas com a vivência relativa ao processo de planejamento e licenciamento da UHE Belo Monte, construída no rio Xingu no estado do Pará. Por meio das análises e reflexões, tem-se a intenção de contribuir com indicativas que possam corroborar com as discussões, entre a academia, os movimentos sociais e as instituições ambientais e, incentivar a continuação das análises, na busca por indicar caminhos mais democráticos e menos excludentes para os processos decisórios futuros, advindos das relações entre as instituições governamentais e a indústria de energia elétrica. / The governmental decisions, which have allowed the expansion of the hydroelectric generation in Brazil on the basis of interests focused on economic growth, almost exclusively on the increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), are in conflict with the fact that the Brazilian Hydraulic Potential, available for hydroelectric, is located in basins established in areas of large biodiversity, occupied largely by riverside populations, traditional and indigenous communities. In this context, this thesis aims to demonstrate by means of an empirical-theoretical analysis, that some of the institutional strategies, governmental and business components of the decision-making process that establishes the expansion of electricity generation in Brazil, with a focus on hydroelectric power, have made tough the critical questioning of those who are opposed to them. Limiting, then, the democratic spaces of decision in such strategies. The analysis seated in a theoretical discussion that sought, from the relation of concepts such as: development, developmentalism, energy security, territory, spaces of power, symbolic power, technological decisions, environmental conflicts, democracy and participation. Understand how some decision-making strategies may make some groups invisible in its structuring , weakening the democratization of the process involved in many and diverse interests. In order to better establish the understanding of these issues, we sought to relate the theoretical discussions with the experience concerning the process of planning and licensing of Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant, built in the Xingu River in the state of Pará. Intending that our studies contribute with allocations that might motivate the continuation of discussions, aiming that more democratic and less exclusive measures can be part of these decision-making processes in the future.

Presented work analyzes the business environment of the Republic of Argentina. It focuses on the economic, political and legislative, cultural and social, and institutional environment. It evaluates the mutual commercial relations between the Czech and Argentinian Republic and suggests possible business opportunities for their commercial exchange.

Obesity is currently viewed as one of the most important health concerns in the United States. Researchers have minimally investigated perspectives surrounding obesity within the African-American female population. This lack of research presented a gap in knowledge concerning the perceived social, environmental, and cultural influences of obesity within this population. The research questions asked African-American females about their views toward these influences. This research was guided by tenets of the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model for behavioral change. Thirteen African-American females participated in the interviews. The data collected were reviewed and coded using word frequencies and themes. Findings included recurring themes of cultural influences, social disparities, and the lack of access to healthy food sources and health providers. Positive social change could result from this research to help enlighten public health professionals and community planners to understand the perspectives of African-American women's belief systems surrounding obesity. The information delivered by this research could possibly empower the participants to address the issues within their communities with civic leaders and policy makers to create and sustain needed change.