本研究旨在探討國小班級關係氛圍的類型以及班級人際網絡結構的現況。 研究中抽樣調查了全國54個四到六年級的班級，依據問卷所得資料進行集群分析法(clustering method)，依同儕關係、師生關係兩向度將班級自然分類成三個集群。 研究進行了不同關係氛圍班級之差異分析，研究二檢驗不同類型班級在師生關係變項上的差別；研究三採用社會網絡分析法(social network analysis)描繪班級人際網絡結構的差別。研究四班級內部的結構，進行核心邊陲分析與班級塊模型分析，研究五進行人際互動課程的實驗研究。研究後建構出診斷班級小社會的訊息，未來可提供給實務現場教師採用。 本研究所得之研究結論如下： 一、國小班級內部關係品質，包含了學生之間的同儕關係、學生與教師的師生關係兩向度，共同建構班級關係氛圍，各班級區分類為低、中、高三種關係品質的班級。。 二、相較於低關係班級，高關係氛圍班級在班內師生關係的標準差較小、班級內師生關係的性別差異亦小。此外，高關係班級的學童的社交計量數與自身師生關係呈現顯著相關。 三、高關係與低關係班級，在人際網絡結構上並沒有顯著的差別，包含了網絡密度、EI指數、二方關係、派系數、成分數、孤離者數和比率。顯示無論班級關係品質為何，都會自然形塑而成班級小社會。 四、低關係班級有幾個值得關係的議題，包含核心學生之間的互惠關係、高密度的子群之間的關係，以及核心學生與高密度學生們對於自身班級的同儕關係與師生關係，都是教師在班級經營中須特別關注的。 五、進行班級氛圍的改變效果，短期課程對氛圍與人際網絡結構的改變效果並不明顯，推論需仰賴教師平時之互動與班務上的經營。 / The study was to investigated the primary school’s classes. The purpose is to understand the class climate and social network of the class. The forty-four classes were in the study by random sampling from Taiwan area.Teacher-student relationship and peer relationship are treated the classification variables. The classes were divided into three categories by clustering method. 18 classes were High-quality relationship; 11 calasses were Low-quality relationship. The results are the comparison of two types of class. High-quality relationship classes have some features: Standard deviation is smaller in teacher-student relationship, the same result of differences between boys and girls. The better the relationship between popular students and teacher. Second, the two-type classes were no differences in social network model. High-quality and Low-quality classes both forming a small community in nature. From the analysis of the class entrials, Mutually beneficial relationship and the relationship between small groups were the important issues. A six-week course experimented in a class. Only small impacts on the class climate and social network.

This research highlights the importance of considering the degree students’ integration into school classes when estimating school effects. Combining and using two different datasets collected before and after education reform in Taiwan, the study compares school effects under two different education systems in order to answer the question about the efficiency of education reform. I estimate multilevel growth models to assess how school environments affect changes in students’ initial and change rate of their academic performance across junior high school years. Besides, two-part random-effects models are also introduced into the analyses to testify how school environment influence adolescent performance in their high school enrollments. My results support and extend Blau’s structural theory, revealed that school contexts and school networks directly and indirectly influences students’ performance in their school classes and in their high school enrollments, suggesting students’ outcome are conditioning by the local structure, the school environments. However, through making more friends inside and outside school classes, students still have their own power to modify the environmental impacts on themselves. With respect to the comparisons of school effects on individuals’ performance under two different education systems in Taiwan, the decreasing peer influences and the decreasing significance of school networks indicate that the school effects gradually decline after the administration of education reform. One should note that simply a little change on education system might alter students, parents, and teachers’ behaviors. The decreasing peer effects and the decreasing school effects on students’ academic performance suggesting that students might change their behaviors on interacting with their friends and change their behaviors at schools in order to jostle higher education after education reform. The increasing cram schooling and the increasing significance of family SES support the inference that students modify their behaviors to come up against the education reform in Taiwan. These findings suggest the need for more panel datasets collected from the newly cohorts after education reform was administrated for a period and the need for more studies of education reform and school effects, to have more understanding about the mechanisms of school efficiency.

Les biotechnologies, le réchauffement climatique, les ressources naturelles et la gestion des écosystèmes sont tous représentatifs de la “nouvelle politique de la nature” (Hajer 2003), un terme englobant les enjeux marqués par une grande incertitude scientifique et un encadrement réglementaire inadapté aux nouvelles réalités, suscitant de fait un conflit politique hors du commun. Dans l'espoir de diminuer ces tensions et de générer un savoir consensuel, de nombreux gouvernements se tournent vers des institutions scientifiques ad hoc pour documenter l'élaboration des politiques et répondre aux préoccupations des partie-prenantes. Mais ces évaluations scientifiques permettent-elles réellement de créer une compréhension commune partagée par ces acteurs politiques polarisés? Alors que l'on pourrait croire que celles-ci génèrent un climat d'apprentissage collectif rassembleur, un environnement politique conflictuel rend l'apprentissage entre opposant extrêmement improbable. Ainsi, cette recherche documente le potentiel conciliateur des évaluation scientifique en utilisant le cas des gaz de schiste québécois (2010-2014). Ce faisant, elle mobilise la littérature sur les dimensions politiques du savoir et de la science afin de conceptualiser le rôle des évaluations scientifiques au sein d'une théorie de la médiation scientifique (scientific brokerage). Une analyse de réseau (SNA) des 5751 références contenues dans les documents déposés par 268 organisations participant aux consultations publiques de 2010 et 2014 constitue le corps de la démonstration empirique. Précisément, il y est démontré comment un médiateur scientifique peut rediriger le flux d'information afin de contrer l'incompatibilité entre apprentissage collectif et conflit politique. L'argument mobilise les mécanismes cognitifs traditionnellement présents dans la théorie des médiateurs de politique (policy broker), mais introduit aussi les jeux de pouvoir fondamentaux à la circulation de la connaissance entre acteurs politiques. / Biotechnology, climate change, natural resources, and ecosystem management are all representative of the “new politics of nature” (Hajer 2003), a term encompassing policy issues with high scientific uncertainties, unadapted regulatory regimes, and acute political conflict. In the hope of diminishing these tensions and generating a consensual understanding, several governments mandated ad hoc scientific institutions to document policymaking and answer stakeholder’s concerns. But do those scientific assessments really help to generate a shared understanding between otherwise polarized policy actors? While it would be possible that these create inclusive collective learning dynamics, policy learning has been shown as being extremely unlikely among competing policy actors. Accordingly, this research documents the conciliatory power of scientific assessments using the Quebec shale gas policymaking case (2010–2014). In doing so, it mobilizes the literature stressing the political nature of science to conceptualize scientific assessment in light of a scientific brokerage theory. Empirically, the research uses Social Network Analysis to unravel the collective learning dynamics found in two information networks built from the 5751 references found in the advocacy and technical documents published by 268 organizations during two public consultations. Precisely, findings demonstrate that scientific brokerage can redirect information flows to counteract the divide between collective learning and political conflict. The argument mobilizes cognitive mechanisms traditionally found in policy brokerage theory, but also introduces often forgotten power interplays prominent in policy-related knowledge diffusion.

對於零碎且結構複雜的資料來源時，社會網路分析能夠給予整體性的觀察，還能檢視個體之間的關係。目前社會網路分析研究中，因為將網路退化至簡單連結關係，所以會遺失許多珍貴的資訊。而網路規模和型態隨著研究議題的不同，也會跟著增大或趨於多變，但動態網路分析能夠提供我們檢視每個時期，網路的變化或社群的形成或消失，甚至能知道節點間的互動影響。本論文研究，以政府人事異動資料為主，並且加入了其他政府組織的相關資料，建構出政府組織的從屬網路，並在每個網路快照中，擷取出重要的官員異動；每一筆人事異動都是一個事件的發生，而特任或簡任官員在本研究中視為重要事件，從這些重要事件的發生，我們能夠對每個時間的官員，使用EventRank的演算法做排名計算。最後能從時間的變化中，觀察出每個時期的佔有重要影響力的官員。 / To fragmented and complex structure data, social network analysis (SNA) can give an overall observation, but also view the relationship between individuals. Recent research in SNA is the degradation of the network link to a simple relationship but it will lose a lot of valuable information. The size and type of network with different research topics will follow the increase or rapidly changing, dynamic network analysis can provide our view of changes in the network or community to form or disappear in every period, even know the impact of the interaction between nodes. This thesis is based on the government official changes and other related data to construct manager-subordinate network of the government organization and capture the important interactions between officials in every network snapshot. An official change is the occurrence of an event and special level official changes in this study as a critical event. From these critical events, we can use the Event Rank algorithm to rank the officials. Finally, we can observe which official has more influence from the time changes.

The rise of the 21st Century Islamic extremist movement, which was mobilised by the al-Qaeda attacks of and responses to September 11, 2001, heralds a new period in the history of terrorism. The increased frequency and intensity of this type of terrorism affects every nation in the world, not least Australia. Rising to meet the challenges posed by terrorism is the field of terrorism studies, the field which aims at understanding, explaining, and countering terrorism. Despite the importance of the field, it has been beleaguered with criticisms since its inception as a response to the rise of international terrorism. These criticisms specifically aim at the field's lack of objectivity, abstraction, levels of research, and levels of analysis. These criticisms were the impetus behind the adoption of the methodology of this thesis, which offers the distinct ability to understand, explain, and forecast the way in which terrorists interact within covert cells. Through social network analysis, this thesis examines four terrorist cells that have operated in or against Australia. These cells are from the groups Hrvatsko Revolucionarno Bratstvo (Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood), Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth), Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure), and Jemaah Islamiyah (Islamic Community) and operated between 1963 and 2003. Essentially, this methodology attempts to discover, map, and analyse the interaction within the cells during the covert stage of their respective operations. Following this, the results are analysed through the traditional social network analysis frameworks to discover the internal dynamics of the cell and identify the critical nodes (leaders) within the cells. Destabilisation techniques are subsequently employed, targeting these critical nodes to establish the most effective disruption techniques from a counter-terrorism point of view. The major findings of this thesis are: (1) that cells with a focus on efficiency rather than covertness were more successful in completing their objectives (contrary to popular belief); and (2) betweenness centrality (control over the flow of communication) is a critical factor in identifying leaders within terrorist cells. The analysis also offered significant insight into how a Jemaah Islamiyah cell might operate effectively in Australia, as well as the importance of local contacts to terrorist operations and the significance of international counter-terrorism cooperation and coordination.

Submitted by Ana Áurea Rodrigues (aaaorodrigues@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T14:53:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEANAÁUREA18122015.pdf: 5864335 bytes, checksum: ee88ac48a682017953fd5eb7067ff36a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-05-02T15:39:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEANAÁUREA18122015.pdf: 5864335 bytes, checksum: ee88ac48a682017953fd5eb7067ff36a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T15:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEANAÁUREA18122015.pdf: 5864335 bytes, checksum: ee88ac48a682017953fd5eb7067ff36a (MD5) / Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana / Esta Tese propõe um modelo para análise de redes na saúde baseada em um trabalho de campo que estuda as interações entre ensino e serviço de saúde. Estratégia que permite problematizar as aprendizagens nas unidades de saúde em parcerias com Secretarias de saúde, municipal ou estadual; nesse contexto o processo de produção de saúde (como manifestação de produção de conhecimento) exige uma compreensão ampliada do “objeto do trabalho”, pensado como uma síntese entre riscos, vulnerabilidade e enfermidade, que se encontram encarnados em sujeitos concretos. Propomos um modelo misto, baseado na Metodologia da Análise de Redes Sociais articulado com a Análise Hermenêutico-Dialética, por meio da analise do fluxo de informação e da difusão de conhecimento entre os sujeitos que fazem o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho na Saúde (PET-Saúde), que ao ser reaplicado, auxilie os sujeitos envolvidos nas redes de saúde a compreender como se constituem relações entre os atores, os fluxos de informação e a difusão de conhecimento no processo de produção de saúde. Utiliza-se como técnicas de coleta de dados principais: entrevista semiestruturada e questionário. Os sujeitos do estudo estão distribuídos em três grupos de representação: I – Tutores, II - Preceptores e III - alunos bolsistas/voluntários do PET-Saúde. A análise e interpretação do material empírico foi orientada pela triangulação dos métodos - Análise Hermenêutica-Dialética e Análise de redes sociais. Os resultados mostraram uma nova abordagem epistemológica frente aos sistemas de representação social que resultou em um Modelo para análise da produção do conhecimento e do fluxo de informação em redes na saúde. Palavras-chave: Sistema de Representação. Conhecimento. Interação ensino-serviço. PET-Saúde. Análise de Redes Sociais. Hermenêutica-Dialética. / Abstract This thesis proposes a model for network analysis in health and had as field study the interaction between education and the health service. Strategy that allows problematized learning in health unit locations through partnership agreements with health municipal or state secretariats. In this context the health production process requires a broader understanding of the work object, thinking as a synthesis of risk, vulnerability and illness, embodied in concrete subjects. We propose, through the analysis of information flow and dissemination of knowledge among the subjects that make the Education Program for Health Work (PETHealth) a mixed model, based on the methodology of Social Network Analysis articulated with Hemeneutic-Dialectic Analysis. When the model is reapplied, it assists those involved in health networks to understand how to establish relationships between the actors, the flow of information and dissemination of knowledge in the health production process. It is used as the main data collection techniques: semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The study subjects are divided into three representative groups: Group I - Tutors, group II - Preceptors and group III - scholarship students / volunteers PET-Health. The analysis and interpretation of empirical material was guided by triangulation of the methods - Hermeneutic Dialectic Analysis and Social Network Analysis. The results showed a new epistemological approach to social representation systems which resulted in a model for knowledge production and information flow in health networks analysis. Keywords: Representation. System. Knowledge. Teaching and service interaction. PETHealth. Social Network Analysis. Hermeneutic-Dialectic. / RESUMEN Esta tesis propone un modelo para análisis de redes en salud basada en un trabajo de campo que estudia interacciones entre la enseñanza y el servicio de salud. Estrategia que permite problematizar los aprendizajes en las unidades de salud asociadas a las Secretarías de Salud municipal y estadual, en ese contexto el proceso de producción de salud (como expresión de producción de conocimiento) exige una comprensión amplia del “objeto de trabajo”, pensado como la síntesis entre riesgos, vulnerabilidad y enfermedad que están encarnadas en sujetos concretos. Proponemos un modelo mixto, basado en la metodología de Análisis de Redes Sociales articulado con Análisis Hermenéutico-Dialéctica, a través del estudio de flujos de información y de difusión de conocimiento entre los sujetos que son parte del Programa de Educación para el Trabajo en Salud (PET-Salud), que al ser re-aplicado, apoye a los sujetos vinculados en las redes de salud a comprender como se configuran las relaciones entre actores, flujos de información y difusión de conocimiento en el proceso de producción de salud. Se emplean como técnicas de recolección de datos principalmente la entrevista semi estructurada y el cuestionario. Los sujetos del estudio están distribuidos en tres grupos representados así: I-Tutores, II- Receptores y III- alumnos becarios/voluntarios del PETSalud. El análisis y la interpretación del material empírico fueron orientados por la triangulación de los métodos de Análisis Herméutico-Dialéctico y el Análisis de representación de redes sociales. Los resultados mostraron un nuevo abordaje epistemológico frente a los sistemas de representación social que se consolidó en el Modelo para análisis de producción de conocimiento y flujo de información en las redes de Salud. Palabras claves: Sistema de Representación. Conocimiento. Interacción Enseñanza-Servicio. PET-Salud. Análisis de Redes Sociales. Hermenéutica–Dialéctica.

Este artículo utiliza el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) como herramienta en la investigación de nuevas informaciones sobre la red de fotógrafos de la construcción de Brasilia. Así como fue con laciudad, la red también está en construcción, debiendo ser complementada con entrevistas personales. La fotografía, mientras documento, presenta características propias. Para que pueda ser utilizada como información es necesario darle organicidad. Esa, comprendida en el contexto de su producción, clasificación, almacenamiento, preservación, tutela, recuperación, reproducciones, etc.La ARS es una metodología originada de la Sociología y pasible de métricas. Se presenta como unaherramienta capaz de revelar informaciones subjetivas y ausentes en acervos formalizados, o no. Enespecial, conexiones entre actores que, no sólo profundizan la cuestión de la organicidad de fotografías, como también contribuyen para el contexto social, político y económico de la época. / Este artigo utliza a Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) como ferramenta na pesquisa de novas informaçõessobre a rede de fotógrafos da construção de Brasília. Assim como foi com a cidade, a rede também estáem construção, devendo ser complementada com entrevistas pessoais. A fotografia, enquantodocumento, apresenta características próprias. Para que possa ser utilizada como informação énecessário dar‐lhe organicidade. Essa, compreendida no contexto de sua produção, classificação,armazenamento, preservação, tutela, recuperação, reproduções, etc. A ARS é uma metodologiaoriginada da Sociologia e passível de métricas. Apresenta‐se como uma ferramenta capaz de revelarinformações subjetivas e ausentes em acervos formalizados, ou não. Em especial, ligações entreatores que, não apenas aprofundam a questão da organicidade de fotografias, como tambémcontribuem para o contexto social, político e econômico da época. / This paper uses Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a tool in the research of new information on the network about photographers of the Brasilia building. As it was with the city, the network is also under construction and should be supplemented with personal interviews. The photograph asdocument presents her own characteristics. To be used as information is necessary to give itorganicity. This understood in the context of its production, classification, storage, preservation, protection, restoration, reproductions, etc. The SNA is a methodology originated from Sociology. It ispresented as a tool capable of revealing subjective information and gaps in collections formalized or not. In particular, links between actors, not only deepening the question of organicity documentimagery, but also contributing to the social, political and economic historical period.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2018-08-08T18:53:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE VF.pdf: 5912664 bytes, checksum: 8f5ffa8815f9f91b4a11babe28dd5801 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE VF.pdf: 5912664 bytes, checksum: 8f5ffa8815f9f91b4a11babe28dd5801 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa está fundada na interlocução entre dois campos de saberes e práticas: o campo da Ciência da Informação (CI), no qual se inscrevem as ações e os regimes de informação, e o campo da Saúde Coletiva relacionado à saúde como fenômeno social. Abrange ainda, como interface de investigação, os fluxos informacionais e comunicacionais presentes nas interações entre os profissionais dos serviços de saúde da Atenção Básica. São fundamentais, nesse processo, as relações sociais e as ações de informação nas quais o cuidado desempenha papel metafórico e de mediação das relações humanas no cotidiano institucionalizado da saúde. Utilizando-se da Análise das Redes Sociais foi investigada as relações infocomunicacionais entre 150 profissionais de saúde de 2 Clínicas da Família, um Centro de Saúde e uma equipe do Núcleo de Apoio da Saúde da Família (NASF), na Área Programática (AP) 5.2 do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados apontam para a existência de barreiras à implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica no que tange a política do cuidado. A estrutura das redes infocomunicacionais levantadas constrangem as ações de informação que poderiam disseminá-la. Esses obstáculos refletem as percepções sobre cuidado dos agentes responsáveis pela implementação da política, os profissionais de saúde. A principal barreira a ser equacionada é a fronteira do próprio sistema de saúde em relação a necessidade de saúde dos usuários, pouco permeável ao reconhecimento do discurso da população alvo. Entre os profissionais de saúde apenas 20% descrevem o cuidado como forma de reconhecimento do outro, ou seja, como sendo o sentido operador da fronteira capaz de selecionar novos recursos informacionais no entorno, permitindo a produção compartilhada entre saberes científicos e comuns na construção do conceito positivo e ampliado de saúde. Também apontam os resultados para algumas formas complementares possíveis de promover a difusão do cuidado como reconhecimento do outro. Os caminhos desta promoção assinalados pelos resultados da tese são: pelo NASF, pelas lideranças das redes, pelo grupo dos agentes comunitários de saúde, pela educação em serviço. / The present research is based on the interlocution between two fields of knowledge and practices: the field of Information Science, to which actions and information regimes belong, and the field of Collective Health, which is associated to health as a social phenomenon. Furthermore, as an interface for research, it comprises flows of informational and communication skills existing in the interaction between basic healthcare professionals. In this process, social relations and information actions in which care plays a metaphorical and mediation role in human relations within everyday institutionalized health care are essential. Infocomunicational relations between one hundred and fifty (150) healthcare professionals of two (2) Family Clinics, one (1) Health Center and one (1) team of the Family Health Support Center (Núcleo de Apoio da Saúde da Família - NASF) in the Programmatic Area (Área Programática - AP) 5.2 of Rio de Janeiro county were investigated by means of Social Network Analysis. The results support the existence of a barrier to the implementation of the National Policy of Basic Health Care (Política Nacional de Atenção Básica) in terms of care policy. The infocomunicational network structures surveyed constrain information actions that could disseminate it. Such obstacles reflect how healthcare professionals, who are responsible for applying this policy, perceive care itself. The main barrier to be addressed is the frontier of the health system in relation to its users need for health, not very easily influenced by the recognition of the target population discourse. In between health professionals, only 20% describe care as means of recognizing the other, that is, as being the sense that operates the frontier capable of selecting new informational resources in the surrounding environments allowing a shared production between scientific and common knowledge in the building of a positive and enlarged concept of health. Moreover, the results also show a few complementary forms that might promote the dissemination of care as the recognition of the other. According to the thesis results, the paths for such promotion are via: NASF, network leadership, groups of health community agents, and education in service.

Les maladies infectieuses représentent aujourd’hui un problème majeur de santé publique. Devant l’augmentation des résistances bactériennes, l’émergence de nouveaux pathogènes et la propagation rapide de l’épidémie, le suivi et la surveillance de la transmission de la maladie devient particulièrement importants. Face à une telle menace, la société doit se préparer à l'avance pour réagir rapidement et efficacement si une telle épidémie est déclarée. Cela nécessite une mise en place des dispositifs de suivi et de prévention. Dans ce contexte, nous nous intéressons, dans le présent travail, à l’élaboration d’un Système d’Information Décisionnel Spatio-temporel pour le suivi et la surveillance du phénomène de propagation de l’épidémie de la grippe saisonnière au sein de la population de la ville d’Oran (Algérie). L’objectif de ce système est double : il consiste, d’une part, à comprendre comment l’épidémie se propage par l’utilisation du réseau social Small World (SW) et du modèle à compartiments d’épidémie SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed), et d’autre part, à stocker dans un entrepôt les données multiples tout en les analysant par un outil d’analyse en ligne de donnée Spatiale dit SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing). / Today, infectious diseases represent a major public health problem. With the increase of bacterial resistance, the emergence of new pathogens and the rapid spread of epidemic, monitoring and surveillance of disease transmission becomes important. In the face of such a threat, the society must prepare in advance to respond quickly and effectively if an outbreak is declared. This requires setting up monitoring mechanisms and prevention.In this context, we are particularly interested by development a Spatiotemporal decision support system for monitoring and preventing the phenomenon of seasonal influenza epidemic spread in the population of Oran (city at Algeria).The objective of this system is twofold: on one hand, to understand how epidemic is spreading through the social network by using SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed) compartmental model within Small World network, and on the other hand, to store multiple data in data warehouse and analyzing it by a specific online analysis tool Spatial OLAP (Spatial on-line Analytical Processing).

Les travaux de recherche effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse ont été guidés par le manque d’information et une compréhension limitée des mécanismes épidémiologiques à l’origine de l’émergence et de la diffusion de la grippe aviaire hautement pathogène, souche H5N1 en Chine du Sud, aussi reconnue comme l’épicentre potentiel de l’émergence des virus influenza aviaires à caractères pandémiques. <p>Dans ce cadre, des données spatio-temporelles relatives aux foyers de la maladie ainsi que des données de surveillance virologiques (isolement du virus effectué dans le cadre du système de surveillance nationale) ont été collectées sur une période de quatre ans et analysées afin d’éxplorer les facteurs de risque relatifs à l’émergence et persistence de la maladie dans certaine zones de production du sud de la Chine. Les analyses ainsi effectuées ont permis d’identifier, à travers l’utilisation de méthodes statistiques robustes ayant fait leur preuve dans le domaine de la santé ou de l’écologie (la régression logistique classique et les arbres de regression logistique), des facteurs de risque liés à certains types de production de volailles (canards élevés en plein air, zones riches en eau et par extension associées à la riziculture) ou des facteurs associés à l’activité humaine. A travers une représentation cartographique des facteurs ainsi identifiés, des cartes de risque ont été produites permettant ainsi de visualiser d’une part les zones à haut risque de persistence de l’infection virale et d’autre part les zones vulnérables à l’apparition de foyers de la maladie, donnant aux autorités nationales la possibilité de mieux cibler leurs politiques de surveillance et de contrôle. <p>Dans un second temps, notre étude s’est portée sur les marchés à volailles traditionnels du sud de la Chine qui représentent un risque permanent de persistence, d’évolution et de diffusion des virus influenza aviaires, ainsi qu’un risque important en matière de santé publique. La dynamique de ces marchés et les liens qui les unissent ont été étudiés à travers des outils d’analyse empruntés à la sociologie tels que l’Analyse des Réseaux Sociaux (Social Network Analysis). Grace à cette approche, l’importance de l’hygiène de ces marchés et notamment du nettoyage et de la désinfection des cages dans la persistence du virus a été mise en évidence. Enfin, des enquêtes effectuées auprès des vendeurs de volailles ont permis d’identifier l’origine et la destination des animaux vendus et de reconstruire des réseaux plus ou moins intriqués de liens commerciaux qui unissent ces marchés entre eux dans trois provinces du sud de la Chine. L’analyse de ces réseaux et de leurs configurations ont permis d’identifier des marchés à plus haut risque de persistence de l’infection du fait de leur position centrale au sein de ces réseaux. De même qu’il est indispensable de cibler la surveillance et le contrôle de la maladie dans des zones écologiquement favorables à la persistence des virus influenza aviaires, cette étude révèle l’importance de certaines pratiques hygiéniques et commerciales dans la persistence de la maladie et la nécessité de cibler la surveillance et le contrôle au niveau de certains de ces marchés situés au centre d’un réseau dense et connecté, pour pouvoir in fine mieux contrôler la maladie au niveau national.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished