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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As correntes humanísticas e as recentes pesquisas na área da Saúde Mental contribuíram de forma significativa para a reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil. Esta vinha sendo preparada desde os anos 90 e está sendo implantada desde o ano 2001. Esta reforma propõe um modelo que confere maior autonomia ao portador de transtornos mentais e insere a família e a sociedade nos cuidados. Este novo modelo prevê a desospitalização dos pacientes, criando cuidados em espaços alternativos como: hospitais dia, casas terapêuticas, centros de atenção psicossocial. Esta nova realidade da Psiquiatria é um desafio para a Evangelização, pois requer um novo paradigma dos cristãos que, muitas vezes, integram os preconceitos na própria mensagem do Evangelho. Em muitos âmbitos ainda hoje se trata a patologia mental como possessão demoníaca ou castigo divino, em detrimento do anúncio de um Deus de misericórdia, amor e ternura. O aconselhamento pastoral em Saúde Mental deve ter suas raízes bem arraigadas no Evangelho e ao mesmo tempo abrir-se mais e mais para um diálogo amplo com as Ciências Humanas e a sociedade a fim de proporcionar uma ação evangelizadora adequada para um público alvo em situaçãolimite. É neste contexto que o aconselhamento pastoral deve ajudar a viver um sentido de vida pleno, contrapondo-se a muitas experiências na sociedade para a qual muitas vezes só há sentido onde há produtividade e resultados significativos para alimentar a busca desenfreada de bens de consumo, garantindo uma falsa auto-realização construída com base no ter e poder. Evangelizar sempre deve ser uma ação diferenciada para os portadores de transtornos mentais. Embora a Pastoral dialogue com as Ciências e busque nelas orientação para uma ação adequada, ela não pode desviar-se do seu conteúdo principal: a mensagem encarnada do Evangelho. Mensagem esta que em muitos casos pode ser transmitida apenas e, sobretudo, pela presença solidária junto ao paciente. Mais importante que as teorias, que as exposições é a presença amiga capaz de garantir ao paciente uma experiência profunda de um Deus de amor, ternura e misericórdia. / The humanist chains and the updated searching in Mental Health area did contribute in a relevant basis to the psychiatry review happened in Brazil, recently. This one was been prepared since the start of 90 years and had been implemented since the start of 21stcentury, 2001 sharply. Its proposal is a new model which gives a higher autonomy to the person who presents mind disorders/diseases and acclaim family and society, together to be part of the patient care. This new pattern foresees the out of hospital process of patients through new and alternatives spaces forming, for instance: day hospitals, therapeutics homes, psychosocial care centers and so on. This new scenery of Psychiatry is a great challenge for evangelization so it requires a new paradigm by Christian that for many times integrates the preconception inside the evangelical message. In many aspects, still today, the mental pathology is considered as an evil possession or divine punishment in damage Lord announce of mercy, love and tender. The pastoral counseling in mental health ought to have its roots well founded in the Holy Bible and at the same time be inclined each more to a open minded dialogue among Human Sciences and society in order to offer an appropriate evangelical action to those are living on the edge (out of limit). Is on this context that pastoral counseling has an important role helping to live life in a wide sense opposing several experiences on the society in which many times there is sense only where exists productivity and significant results to feed the disordered search for consumism to assure the fake self achievement built on HAVE and POWER basis. Evangelize always must be a different action to those group of people/patients. Despite of Pastoral makes contact to Sciences and search on them guidelines to adapt actions it can not deviate itself away from the main content, does mean the incarnated Holy Bible message. This one can be released and communicated for many times only and above all by the solidary presence closed to the patient. More important than theories and explanations the friendship attitude / behavior is the way to offer the warranty to this patient a chance of a deep experience of a God full of love, tender and mercy

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Felberg.pdf: 4058891 bytes, checksum: 728c24eddd8663bdac5833bb6efdd180 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-26 / The present doctoral thesis discourses, essentially, on the reasons why there should be application of affirmative actions toward to the former inmate citizens, aiming their rehabilitation, in spite many unfavorable circumstances, such as the "criminal" labeling and a consequente deprivation of some rights, noted the social right to work. It approaches the significant increase of the Brazilian prison population, the characteristics of these segregated mass of people and programmatic mistakes, incompatible with efficient social reintegration politics that should be guided by the respect for Human dignity and spontaneous participation of those activities. It reflects how a social reaction guided by prejudice and discrimination consists as a factor that promotes secondary criminal practice, simultaneously victimizing the very same society, in a paradoxical context, marked by this recalcitrant cycle. Regarding this context, it searches for ways to achieve crime reduction through the modification of the social reaction when facing the breaking of criminal laws and through the creation of alternatives that could annul the effect of such reactions, such as affirmative actions. It analyzes the hypertrophy of the criminal punishments, as a way to categorize and stigmatize the former inmate citizen. Explores as they continue to get punished and have their rights affected because of this negative evaluation of their social identity, furthermore enhanced by the World wide spread of information on the cyberspace, disclosing them the right of forgiveness from their criminal past, as the respective registers, media coverage and other given data affect their process of social reintegration. It also contemplates the importance of labor to the people and it s wide protection provided by the Brazilian legal system, demonstrating the necessity of guaranteeing it to the former inmate citizens through positive discrimination. As a result, it proposes the mandatory hiring, by the State, of these former inmate citizens (in a proportional limit) and, on the other hand, evaluates the results of government incentives for their hiring in the private sector. It suggests the application of the regime de cottas to the egresses-citizen, considering their unique characteristics and the recent decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court on the subject. Finally, it idealizes changes in the constitutional and sub constitutional order, in federal and state scope, aiming to reserve a percentile of the vacant working opportunities to the inmates, to those who serve alternative criminal punishments and to former inmate citizens, to work on contracts and services hired by processes of public bidding, as well as on companies who come to integrate exemption tax programs. At last, it suggests necessary legislative alterations in order to grant concession of economic subvention to the companies that hire those subjects, seeking their social reintegration through the creation of work ranks and their professional qualification. / A presente tese de Doutoramento discorre, em essência, sobre as justificações à aplicação de ações afirmativas aos cidadãos-egressos, visando a reintegração social dos mesmos, em face de sua hipossuficiência, marcada pelo estigma carcerário e consequente déficit de implementação de direitos, notadamente o direito social ao trabalho. Aborda o desenvolvimento significativo da população carcerária brasileira, as características dos integrantes dessa massa segregada e os equívocos programáticos, incompatíveis com uma política eficiente de reintegração social, orientada pelo respeito à dignidade humana e participação espontânea dos mesmos. Reflete como a reação social, pautada pelo preconceito e discriminação, constitui-se em relevante fator de fomento a práticas delitivas secundárias, vitimando, coetaneamente, a própria sociedade, num contexto paradoxal, caracterizado pela recalcitrância viciosa. Em face desse contexto, opera caminhos à diminuição da criminalidade pela modificação da reação do grupo social em face da violação de leis penais e pela criação de medidas que anulem os efeitos de tais reações, como a adoção de ações afirmativas Analisa a hipertrofia da sanção penal ao término do cumprimento da pena, em meio a um processo de categorização estigmático dos cidadãos-egressos. Explora como continuam a ser punidos e ter seus direitos afetados, diante de uma avaliação negativa de sua identidade social, máxime numa era de hiperinformação, eivada pela potencialidade informativa dos cyberespaços, descortinando-lhes o direito ao esquecimento de seu passado criminal, em especial quando os respectivos registros, notícias e demais dados lhes afetam o processo de reintegração social. Contempla, ademais, a importância do trabalho às pessoas e sua ampla proteção pelo sistema jurídico brasileiro, demonstrando a necessidade de se garantir a fruição desse direito aos cidadãos-egressos, por meio de discriminação positiva. Como resultado, propõe a obrigatoriedade do setor público de contratar cidadãos-egressos (num limite proporcional) e, de outro lado, destaca o incentivo à disseminação de medidas de estímulo à contratação pelo setor privado. Suscita a aplicação do regime de cotas aos cidadãos-egressos, tendo em vista as suas características peculiares e as recentes decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre o tema. Por fim, idealiza alterações na ordem constitucional e infraconstitucional, em âmbito federal e estadual, visando o estabelecimento de reserva percentual de vagas de trabalho aos reclusos, cumpridores de medidas alternativas e egressos do sistema penitenciário, nas obras e serviços contratados mediante processo de licitação pública, bem como, às empresas que vieram a integrar programas de isenção tributária. Além disso, sugere alterações legislativas necessárias para a concessão de subvenção econômica às pessoas jurídicas que os contratarem, objetivando favorecer a reintegração social por meio da criação de postos de trabalho e qualificação profissional.

El presente trabajo de investigación ensaya una exploración sobre las dificultades que enfrentan los programas de reinserción social del “Centro Juvenil de Diagnóstico y Rehabilitación Santa Margarita”. Este centro procura la rehabilitación de las adolescentes infractoras para que logren la reinserción a la sociedad. Este trabajo formula un plan de investigación y un balance bibliográfico de la producción reciente sobre la reinserción social lograda por centros juveniles en América Latina. / This research project examines the social obstacles that the Santa Margarita juvenile reintegration center faces to accomplish its main goals. This Center aims the female juvenile return to the community and homes. This work proposes a detailed research upon this social problem by focusing on a case-study. In addition, this research project reviews the most recent socio-legal literature on the juvenile reintegration in Latin America. / Trabajo de investigación

Obstetric Fistulas have a high prevalence rate in developing countries where there is a lack of immediate access to maternal health care for women. Although Obstetric Fistulas are physical injuries, they affect women’s psychosocial health. This analysis aims to display the inefficiency of focusing on surgical repairs as the only treatment option and to demonstrate the need to integrate mental health treatment at different Obstetric Fistulas treatment stages. A total of 8 research articles from both Pub Med and Web of Science met the inclusion criteria, and the analysis was done by country. The results showed the presence of depressive symptoms, although there is an immediate improvement in quality of life after surgical repair. In some cases, there was worsening of psychological symptoms due to residual incontinence with or without successful fistula closure. These results suggested that whereas surgical repairs positively impact Obstetric Fistula patients, it does not solve the depressive symptoms, which cause women to self-isolate and have suicidal ideations. The mental sequelae caused by Obstetrical Fistulas can only be resolved using structured mental health care that should be started before surgical repair and continued after repair.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux récits des ex-combattants des groupes paramilitaires Autodéfenses unies de Colombie sur leur participation au conflit armé. Ces narrations, construites dans un contexte de réintégration à la société, permettent de réfléchir à la construction de la vérité par les ex-combattants dans les contextes post-conflit. Nous avons analysé les histoires de vie de 18 ex-combattants qui participaient au Programme de réintégration à la vie civile à Bogota. Nos interviewés ont adopté une position de victimes, en élaborant des discours justificateurs visant à se déresponsabiliser. Ces discours montrent une normalisation de la violence qui revient à la notion de « banalité du mal » d’Hannah Arendt. Nos interviewés ont employé plusieurs rhétoriques des groupes paramilitaires afin de justifier la violence. Ces rhétoriques font partie de la construction psychologique de l’ennemi par les groupes et elles invitent à analyser le rôle du langage dans la construction d’une culture paramilitaire. Néanmoins, certains interviewés ont condamné la violence exercée par leur groupe. Nous avons observé qu’il existe plusieurs interprétations de la manière dont nos interviewés disaient avoir réagi aux contextes de violence de masse, ce qui nous a amenés à réfléchir aux notions de culpabilité morale et juridique. / This paper studies the interpretations of the ex-combatants of the paramilitary groups United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia about their participation in the internal conflict. These discourses, created in a context of social reintegration, are used to discuss the recreation of the truth brought by the ex-combatants in post-conflict contexts. We analyzed the life stories of 18 ex-combatants who were part of the reintegration to civil life Program held in Bogota. Our interviewees have adopted a position of victims, creating discourses of legitimation of the violence in order to avoid the according responsability. In there, it suggests a normalization of violence, remembering the concept of the “banality of evil” brought by Hannah Arendt. Our interviewees have used the paramilitary rhetoric to justify violence. This rhetoric belongs to the psychological construction of the enemy by the groups and it reveals the role of language in the construction of a paramilitary culture. Although, we found that there are other interpretations that don’t concede and justify violence. There are different interpretations of their reactions in the contexts of mass violence. From there we discussed the notions of moral and legal guilty. / Esta investigación se interesa por las interpretaciones de los excombatientes de los grupos paramilitares Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia sobre su participación en el conflicto armado interno. Estas narraciones, creadas en un contexto de reintegración social, permiten reflexionar sobre la construcción de la verdad por los excombatientes en los contextos post-conflicto. Analizamos las historias de vida de 18 excombatientes que participaban en el Programa de Reintegración a la Vida Civil en Bogotá. Nuestros entrevistados adoptaron una posición de víctimas, construyendo discursos justificatorios buscando des-responsabilizarse. Estos discursos muestran una normalización de la violencia que recuerdan la noción de “banalidad del mal” de Hannah Arendt. Nuestros entrevistados emplearon varias retóricas de los grupos paramilitares para justificar la violencia. Estas retóricas hacen parte de la construcción psicológica del enemigo por los grupos e invitan a analizar el rol del lenguaje en la construcción de una cultura paramilitar. Sin embargo, no todos utilizaron discursos justificatorios. Encontramos que existen varias interpretaciones de la manera en que nuestros entrevistados decían haber reaccionado a los contextos de violencia de masa, lo cual nos condujo a reflexionar sobre las nociones de culpabilidad moral y jurídica.

La généralisation des acquis dans le domaine de l’agression sexuelle peut se subdiviser en deux volets, soit la généralisation qui se produit lors du traitement et celle suivant le retour dans la collectivité. Le modèle de traitement cognitivo-comportemental, basé sur les principes du risque, des besoins et de la réceptivité, permet une réduction significative des taux de récidive. Plus spécifiquement, les besoins criminogènes ciblés chez chacun des délinquants et le type de stratégies apprises en traitement peuvent influer sur le processus de généralisation des acquis. De la même façon, les caractéristiques propres à l’agresseur sexuel ont également un rôle à jouer. Lors de la libération, la considération et la mise en place de certaines mesures, telles que le plan de réinsertion sociale, les besoins sociaux et individuels, l’employabilité, le logement et la continuité thérapeutique importent afin de faciliter le maintien des acquis. Ainsi, le présent projet de maîtrise vise à mettre de l’avant une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de la généralisation des acquis chez quatre délinquants sexuels suivis dans la collectivité (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), à la suite d’un traitement d’un an complété à l’Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. Dans le but de comprendre les facteurs pouvant favoriser ce processus, nous avons étudié la manière dont ces différents facteurs se sont présentés chez les délinquants sexuels à l’étude et l’impact lié à la présence ou à l’absence de ces variables. L’analyse clinique du matériel obtenu a démontré, d’une part, que la généralisation des acquis est facilitée lorsque l’ensemble des besoins criminogènes sont des cibles de traitement et que, d’autre part, le délinquant est en mesure d’appliquer des stratégies cognitivo-comportementales plutôt que des techniques purement cognitives. Par ailleurs, la présence d’impulsivité et de problèmes individuels non stabilisés peut nuire au processus. Finalement, il est ressorti que la généralisation des acquis est plus facilement atteignable lorsque les variables identifiées comme étant propices à une réinsertion sociale réussie sont présentes dans le quotidien des délinquants. / In the field of sexual aggression, the generalization of therapeutic gains can be divided in two sections: the generalization that occurs in the course of the treatment and the generalization that is made after the return in the community. It has been demonstrated that the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Model, based on the principles of the Risk-Needs-Reponsivity Model, has the greatest impact on recidivism level. To be more specific, target criminogenic needs specifics to the offender and the type of strategies learned in treatment can influence the process of generalization of therapeutic gains. In the same way, the characteristics of the sexual aggressor also have a role to play. When considering the release period, taking into account and implementing some measures, such as the plan of social reintegration, social and individual needs, employability, accommodation and continuity of treatment help to maintain therapeutic gains. Consequently, this project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of the generalization of therapeutic gains by styding four sexual offenders during a follow-up in the community (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), after they received a one-year treatment at the Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. With the aim of understanding factors that can facilitate this process, we studied how these factors were expressed by the sex offenders and the difference the presence or the absence of these variables. The clinical analysis of the results suggest on one hand that the generalization of therapeutic gains is facilitated when all criminogenic needs are addressed during treatment, and on the other hand when the sex offender has the capacity to apply cognitive-behavioral strategies instead of purely cognitive techniques. Besides, the presence of impulsiveness and non-stabilized individual problems can spoil the process. Finally, it came out that the generalization of therapeutic gains is easier when variables identified as being favourable to a successful social reintegration are part of the everyday life of the offenders.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Albernas dissertacao.pdf: 750676 bytes, checksum: 625d509f93b2658522473dbc61c80b78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-12 / The goal of our research was to apply the lessons of behavioral analysis to the Sao Paulo state policy regarding social reintegration of prison inmates. Our source data came from two official documents made available by the State: (1) The Monthly Following Report, and (2) the Manual of Projects of Social Reintegration (MPRS Manual de Projetos de Reintegração Social). The MPRS tracks guidelines for the development of government policies, and acted as the primary data source for our research. Our analysis asks a series of questions: towards what groups are these projects targeted? What behaviors they are hoping to remedy? What are their objectives? What are the procedures used to encourage specific behaviors and what resources are used? What is the relation between the program and the reality of life outside prison? What sort of evaluation has been done on these projects? What does this say about the state policy towards social reintegration of prisoners? The behavioral analysis literature suggests a series of elements that should be considered in planning a social program, and in dealing with intervention. This literature guided the organization of our research. The results evince a lack of valuable information in those projects guided by the MPRS, and for that reason the Manual was used more as a guide of missing elements than as an instrument of behavioral analysis. The difficultly of organizing the material is itself a reflection of the State s inability to deal with social reintegration of prisoners. The results of our research, and the high criminal relapse rates in the State of Sao Paul 40% highlight the deficiency of programs currently deployed in this area, and point to the need for a joint social, governmental and scientific effort to remedy the problem / Com objetivo de conhecer a política pública do Estado de São Paulo no que se refere à reintegração social de presidiários, esta pesquisa teve como finalidade avaliar projetos com aquele objetivo sob a ótica da análise do comportamento, procurando entender suas propostas e características. Para tanto, tomaram-se como fontes de informações dois documentos oficiais disponíveis: o Relatório de Acompanhamento Mensal e o Manual de Projetos de Reintegração Social (MPRS). O segundo documento tem como objetivo o delineamento de uma política voltada para a reintegração social de presidiários e, por essa razão, constituiu fonte principal da pesquisa. As análises seguiram o trajeto permitido pelos dados e partiram de questões como: Quem é a população-alvo dos programas e que comportamentos dessa população são priorizados pelo mesmo?;Quais são os objetivos dessas intervenções?;Que procedimentos são utilizados para instalar estes comportamentos e com que recursos?;Que relação se estabelece entre as condições empregadas no programa e situações que provavelmente o indivíduo enfrentará uma vez reintegrado à sociedade?;Que avaliação vem sendo feita dos programas implantados?;O que se pode depreender dessa análise sobre a política de reintegração social adotada pelo Estado? A análise de uma literatura vinculada à análise experimental do comportamento indicou um conjunto de elementos que devem estar presentes no planejamento e intervenção de um programa social. que subsidiou a formulação de categorias que foram empregadas para tratar as informações. Os resultados demonstraram que a ausência de informações nos projetos do MPRS ou a sua precariedade fez com que o roteiro fosse utilizado muito mais para explicitar lacunas e suas implicações em projetos como os aqui analisados, do que propriamente como instrumento de uma análise comportamental. A dificuldade que se teve para organizar o material, de certa forma, já deve sinalizar uma dificuldade do governo para lidar com informações sobre sua política de reintegração de presidiários. Acima de tudo, os resultados e os elevados números de reincidência no Estado de São Paulo (40%) demonstram uma carência na área de reintegração social, e a necessidade, de sociedade, Governo e cientistas se aplicarem ao tema

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone de Alcantara Savazzoni.pdf: 14619155 bytes, checksum: b91f710ffb56154324bd4c31d0126913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / This study aims in determining the applicability of the rules contained in the Penal Execution Law (PEL) and the reflections about the prison system in the State of São Paulo. To do so, it is used a historical retrospective of the penalty and imprisonment, and it´s purposes. Regarding such work it is analyzed the main rules contained in the PEL and also the care about the rights guaranteed to prisoners. And from this digress, it is presented the human dignity as the foundation of a democratic state of law showing up, its reasons, its proper compliances with the sentence. However, the main goal of this study is to know, through a field research, the reality of the prison in the State of São Paulo and comparing it with the legal provisions, identifying the factors that emcumber the social reintegration of prisoners. It is proved that, during the fulfillment of the sentence there is no work towards increasing schooling level, job training neither strengthening of the inmate as a person and citizen, which highlights the contrast between the legal system and prison reality. Given such finding, it is argued that the challenges of reintegration must be faced by society, through Community Councils, which is necessary to intervene and to joint forces in the organization, by offering opportunities for the action and participation of the inmates to improve their conditions regarding labor market and thus achieve the necessary and much-desired social reintegration / O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade das regras contidas na Lei de Execução Penal (LEP) e os reflexos no sistema carcerário do Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, apresenta-se a dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do Estado Democrático de Direito demonstrando-se, fundamentadamente, a sua necessária observância no cumprimento da pena. Utiliza-se também de uma retrospectiva histórica da pena e da prisão, e suas finalidades. No cerne do trabalho são analisadas as principais regras contidas na LEP acerca da assistência e direitos assegurados aos presos. Contudo, a meta principal deste estudo é conhecer, através de pesquisa de campo, a realidade das prisões no Estado de São Paulo e confrontando-a com as previsões legais, identificar os fatores que dificultam a reintegração social dos presos. Verifica-se que durante o cumprimento da pena não há qualquer trabalho voltado para elevação da escolaridade, profissionalização e fortalecimento do apenado enquanto pessoa e cidadão, o que evidencia o contraste entre o sistema legal e a realidade carcerária. Diante desta constatação defende-se que os desafios da reintegração social precisam ser enfrentados pela sociedade, por meio dos Conselhos da Comunidade, que devem intervir e articular forças na organização, construindo espaços para a ação e participação do apenado no sentido de melhorar as suas condições para o mercado de trabalho e, assim, alcançar a necessária e tão almejada reintegração social

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux récits des ex-combattants des groupes paramilitaires Autodéfenses unies de Colombie sur leur participation au conflit armé. Ces narrations, construites dans un contexte de réintégration à la société, permettent de réfléchir à la construction de la vérité par les ex-combattants dans les contextes post-conflit. Nous avons analysé les histoires de vie de 18 ex-combattants qui participaient au Programme de réintégration à la vie civile à Bogota. Nos interviewés ont adopté une position de victimes, en élaborant des discours justificateurs visant à se déresponsabiliser. Ces discours montrent une normalisation de la violence qui revient à la notion de « banalité du mal » d’Hannah Arendt. Nos interviewés ont employé plusieurs rhétoriques des groupes paramilitaires afin de justifier la violence. Ces rhétoriques font partie de la construction psychologique de l’ennemi par les groupes et elles invitent à analyser le rôle du langage dans la construction d’une culture paramilitaire. Néanmoins, certains interviewés ont condamné la violence exercée par leur groupe. Nous avons observé qu’il existe plusieurs interprétations de la manière dont nos interviewés disaient avoir réagi aux contextes de violence de masse, ce qui nous a amenés à réfléchir aux notions de culpabilité morale et juridique. / This paper studies the interpretations of the ex-combatants of the paramilitary groups United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia about their participation in the internal conflict. These discourses, created in a context of social reintegration, are used to discuss the recreation of the truth brought by the ex-combatants in post-conflict contexts. We analyzed the life stories of 18 ex-combatants who were part of the reintegration to civil life Program held in Bogota. Our interviewees have adopted a position of victims, creating discourses of legitimation of the violence in order to avoid the according responsability. In there, it suggests a normalization of violence, remembering the concept of the “banality of evil” brought by Hannah Arendt. Our interviewees have used the paramilitary rhetoric to justify violence. This rhetoric belongs to the psychological construction of the enemy by the groups and it reveals the role of language in the construction of a paramilitary culture. Although, we found that there are other interpretations that don’t concede and justify violence. There are different interpretations of their reactions in the contexts of mass violence. From there we discussed the notions of moral and legal guilty. / Esta investigación se interesa por las interpretaciones de los excombatientes de los grupos paramilitares Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia sobre su participación en el conflicto armado interno. Estas narraciones, creadas en un contexto de reintegración social, permiten reflexionar sobre la construcción de la verdad por los excombatientes en los contextos post-conflicto. Analizamos las historias de vida de 18 excombatientes que participaban en el Programa de Reintegración a la Vida Civil en Bogotá. Nuestros entrevistados adoptaron una posición de víctimas, construyendo discursos justificatorios buscando des-responsabilizarse. Estos discursos muestran una normalización de la violencia que recuerdan la noción de “banalidad del mal” de Hannah Arendt. Nuestros entrevistados emplearon varias retóricas de los grupos paramilitares para justificar la violencia. Estas retóricas hacen parte de la construcción psicológica del enemigo por los grupos e invitan a analizar el rol del lenguaje en la construcción de una cultura paramilitar. Sin embargo, no todos utilizaron discursos justificatorios. Encontramos que existen varias interpretaciones de la manera en que nuestros entrevistados decían haber reaccionado a los contextos de violencia de masa, lo cual nos condujo a reflexionar sobre las nociones de culpabilidad moral y jurídica.