Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Suely Dias Cardoso.pdf: 1974084 bytes, checksum: 8954c0dd5edabf34e8486f4ef155eece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-31 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / The objective of this work is the attempt of understanding of the relations that if establish between families deriving of the ethnic territory of Alcântara, today, established in outskirts of the capital of the state of the Maranhão, that, historically, had constituted a network of social relations between members of peasant families of diverse villages, by means of a movement with particular strategies that must be designated, in my opinion, as part of those of maintenance and reproduction of these ethnic groups. I intended, from a case - a family unit - to verify, thus, that strategies are being set in motion for its reproduction in the urban way and that network of social relations is kept with the relatives who remain in the country side, characterizing them as a identity network that crosses the form of social organization of these social agents in the capital and in the country side. / O objetivo deste trabalho é a tentativa de compreensão das relações que se estabelecem entre famílias oriundas do território étnico de Alcântara, hoje, estabelecidas em bairros periféricos da capital do estado do Maranhão, que constituíram, historicamente, uma rede de relações sociais entre membros de famílias camponesas de diversos povoados, por meio de uma movimentação com estratégias particulares que devem ser assinaladas, a meu ver, como parte daquelas de manutenção e reprodução desses grupos étnicos. Pretendi, a partir de um caso uma unidade familiar - verificar, assim, que estratégias estão sendo acionadas para sua reprodução no meio urbano e que rede de relações sociais são mantidas com os parentes que permanecem no interior, caracterizando-as como uma rede identitária que atravessa a forma de organização social desses agentes sociais na capital e no interior.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado pretendemos apresentar algumas marcas discursivas e enunciativas que foram o resultado da análise de narrações de gols, de partidas de futebol entre times argentinos e brasileiros, extraídas de meios de comunicação desses dois países. A observação desses relatos nos levou a reconhecer duas vozes, uma mais associada a um profissional da narração esportiva e a outra com traços mais próximos a um torcedor ou hincha. Colocamos nosso foco na última, a partir da qual, em seus enunciados, encontramos traços comuns, e outros diferentes, que vinculamos com aspectos sócio-históricos de cada país. Iniciamos nosso trabalho propondo um percurso histórico, que começa com o surgimento do futebol no século XIX e passa pela chegada do esporte ao Brasil e à Argentina, a formação de clubes, o processo de massificação do jogo, e sua espetacularização a partir dos meios de comunicação escritos e radiofônicos, já nos anos 30 do século XX. Nesse caminho também apontaremos para alguns aspectos do panorama social nas cidades de Buenos Aires, São Paulo e Rio, sobretudo com aqueles vinculados com a popularização do futebol, a formação e tipos de torcidas, e as características do torcedor/hincha. Como base teórica, tomaremos os conceitos de ethos, dados por D. Maingueneau, e as características do Locutor e enunciador, propostas por O. Ducrot, e de Locutor e locutor-x propostas por E. Guimarães. Por sua vez, assinalamos para a importância do narrador esportivo na produção do material a ser analisado, e propomos a categoria de subgênero, para a narração do gol, tentando explicá-lo a partir da conceitualização sobre gêneros discursivos em M. Bakhtin. Finalmente, apontamos para características que poderiam vincular os resultados discursivos encontrados com o panorama histórico-social mostrado no trabalho. / In the present Masters thesis, we intend to present a few discourse and enunciation markers which have been the result of the analysis of the description of soccer goals in matches between Argentinian and Brazilian teams, extracted from mass media of these two countries. The observation of these descriptions has led us to recognize two voices, one more associated to a professional sportscaster and another with features closer to those of a soccer fan (torcedor or hincha). We have focused on the latter, and based on these utterances we found both common and different features which we have linked to sociohistorical aspects of each country. We started our work by proposing a historical path which starts with the appearance of soccer in the XIX century and proceeds with the arrival of the sport in Brazil and Argentina, the creation of clubs, the process of massification of the game and its spectacularization by the radio and the printed media, already in the 1930s. Along the way, we also present some aspects of the social background of the cities of Buenos Aires, São Paulo and Rio, primarily with those related to the popularization of soccer, the creation and the different kinds of soccer crowds, and the characteristics of the soccer fan (torcedor/hincha). As our theoretical framework we will draw on the concept of ethos, elaborated by D. Maingueneau, and the characteristics of the Speaker and the utterer, proposed by O. Ducrot, and of the Speaker and of the x-speaker, proposed by E. Guimarães. On the other hand, we point out the importance of the sportscaster in the production of the material to be analyzed, and we propose the category of subgenre for the description of goals, in order to attempt to explain it based on the conceptualization of discourse genres in M. Bakhtin. Finally, we indicate some characteristics which might link the discourse-related results found to the sociohistorical panorama shown in the present work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mariangela_2013.pdf: 1486928 bytes, checksum: dee79e6d972c11ad9681c44e2d18a2e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / The progressive aging of the population that is expected over the next 30 years draws our attention to understanding that the maintenance of the quality of life and autonomy are important factors in this process, minimizing the possibilities of social exclusion of the elderly people and increasing their active participation in society. At this stage of life, losses of important links are unavoidable, and feelings of loneliness and dependence are common, so maintenance and / or expansion of social relations are important. Social relations can be divided, for analysis, according to their structure and their function. This study aims to present a description of the structure of informal social relations of elderly people with chronic diseases hypertension and / or diabetes, using a scale to classify the relations into weak, moderate and strong. The data used for the study are from the database of the research untitled Saúde do idoso: situação epidemiológica e utilização de serviços de saúde em Bagé, RS . The research had as target population the elderly over sixty years old, residents in the catch area of the primary health care services of the urban area of Bage, RS. Data collection took place between June and November 2008. The percentage of weak informal relationships among the elderly with hypertension and/or diabetes was 51.0% (CI95% 47.7% - 54.1%), with greater proportions among the elderly with the following characteristics: over 74 years old; less time in formal education; lower economic classification; residents of multigenerational households with larger numbers of people; and residents in the areas covered by Estratégia Saúde da Família. The study results reinforce the need to develop social protection mechanisms for these elderly, in order to integrate them into society and to minimize the risks of social exclusion in old age. Thus, to know the social relations in this population and to identify potential weaknesses may assist in the planning of actions of health care of the elder, endorsing specific interventions, creating mechanisms to protect health and contributing to improving quality of life. / O progressivo envelhecimento populacional esperado para os próximos 30 anos chama a atenção para a compreensão de que a manutenção da qualidade de vida e da autonomia são fatores importantes neste processo, minimizando as possibilidades de exclusão social dos indivíduos idosos e aumentando a sua participação ativa na sociedade. Nesta etapa da vida, as perdas de vínculos importantes são inevitáveis e os sentimentos de solidão e dependência são frequentes, por isso a manutenção e/ou ampliação das relações sociais se fazem importantes. As relações sociais podem ser divididas, para efeitos de análises em estudos, quanto a sua estrutura e a sua função. O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar uma descrição da estrutura das relações sociais informais de idosos portadores das doenças crônicas hipertensão e/ou diabetes, por meio de escala, classificando-as em fracas, moderadas e fortes. Os dados utilizados para realização do estudo são provenientes do banco de dados da pesquisa intitulada Saúde do idoso: situação epidemiológica e utilização de serviços de saúde em Bagé, RS . A pesquisa teve como população alvo os idosos acima dos 60 anos, residentes na área de abrangência dos serviços de atenção básica à saúde da zona urbana do município de Bagé, RS. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e novembro de 2008. O percentual de relações informais fracas entre os idosos portadores de hipertensão e/ou diabetes foi de 51,0% (IC95% 47,7% - 54,1%), com proporções maiores entre os idosos que apresentam as seguintes características: idade superior a 74 anos; menos anos de estudo; menor classificação socioeconômica; moradores de domicílios multigeracionais e com maior número de pessoas; e moradores nas áreas cobertas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os resultados do estudo reforçam a necessidade de desenvolver mecanismos de proteção social a estes idosos, de modo a integrá-los na sociedade e minimizar assim os riscos de exclusão social na terceira idade. Sendo assim, conhecer as relações sociais neste grupo populacional e identificar as potenciais fragilidades poderá auxiliar no planejamento das ações de cuidado à saúde da pessoa idosa, respaldando intervenções específicas, criando mecanismos de proteção à saúde e contribuindo na melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Depuis quelques années, les gouvernements successifs et les organisations sportives nationales et internationales développent des politiques volontaristes en matière d'égalité et de parité dans le sport. Quel est l'effet réel de ces dispositifs, mesures et recommandations ? Menée conjointement dans le département des Pyrénées-Orientales (Languedoc-Roussillon) et au sein de la Communauté autonome de Gérone (Catalogne), notre étude s'intéresse à l'accès des femmes bénévoles aux postes à responsabilités dans le mouvement sportif local. Utilisant les résultats d'une enquête de terrain dans l’Espace Catalan Transfrontalier, cette thèse propose d'analyser la place et l'expérience des femmes dirigeantes dans les clubs de judo. La comparaison nous semble pertinente sur les plans scientifique et politique parce qu'elle nous permet de saisir les continuités culturelles à propos des rapports sexués dans le sport mais également les variations liés aux contextes nationaux et aux effets des politiques publiques. A partir de monographies de club de l'espace catalan choisis de part et d'autre de la frontière, nous tenterons de décrire les postes occupés, les parcours de dirigeantes mais également les freins à leur investissement bénévole. Il s'agira ainsi non seulement de comparer la manière dont ces femmes ont atteint leurs positions de « pouvoir » (carrières, vie de famille, capital sportif, fonctionnement des clubs...), mais également de saisir la manière dont elles perçoivent l'exercice de leurs fonctions. Dans une pratique de compétition fortement associée aux valeurs de virilité, comment des femmes arrivent à percer le « plafond de verre » ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on parler de domination masculine ? Peut-on distinguer des facteurs facilitateurs selon le pays d'origine ou, au contraire de freins identiques ?Cette thèse propose finalement de coupler l'analyse des rapports sociaux de sexe dans les clubs sportifs et celle de la comparaison pour mieux comprendre les effets respectifs des contextes politico-institutionnel sur le fait social étudié. / For the past few years, successive governments and national sports associations have developed a proactive policy as regards equality and parity in sports. What is the real impact of these schemes, actions and recommendations? Jointly carried out in the Pyrénées-Orientales (French region of Languedoc-Roussillon) and within the Autonomous Community of Gerone (Calalonia), our study concentrates on volunteer women’s access to positions of responsibility in local sports clubs. Using the results of a field study made in the Catalan cross-border area, this thesis provides a comprehensive assessment of the position and experience of women leaders in judo clubs. We consider that this comparison is relevant both on scientific and political levels since it allows to understand cultural continuities of gender relations in sports. Moreover, we will also consider the differences linked to the national background and to the consequences of public policies. From monographs of clubs chosen on both sides of the border, we will try and describe the positions and career paths of women managers, but also how their volunteer investment was sometimes held back. In this respect, not only we will compare how these women have reached their leading positions (career, family life, sport capital, clubs operation…) but also we will understand how they themselves consider their duties. Given a fierce competition strongly associated with the values of virility, how do women succeed in breaking the glass ceiling? Is it possible to distinguish between enabling factors or identical brakes, according to the country?Eventually, this thesis provides a combined analysis of gender social relations in sports clubs and a comparison to better understand the respective consequences of political and institutional contexts on the purpose of this study.

La santé des femmes au travail doit être envisagée comme une question collective, déterminée par les rapports sociaux de sexe. La vision médicale traditionnelle du corps des femmes y voit un corps toujours défaillant, ce qui constitue un obstacle à la reconnaissance des atteintes à la santé des femmes liées au travail. Le champ empirique de l’aide aux personnes âgées nous offre l’opportunité d’observer les pénibilités du travail d’aide à domicile. Nous pouvons également prendre connaissance des pathologies qui en découlent. Tous ces éléments confirment la pénibilité du métier d’auxiliaire de vie, visible même dans les données de reconnaissance de l’assurance maladie. Lire ces résultats à l’aune des rapports sociaux de sexe nous permet de comprendre comment l’ignorance de cette pénibilité amène un bénéfice collectif. Ils indiquent également tout l’enjeu qu’il y a à proposer une vision de la santé dégagée de la lecture strictement biomédicale, construite au masculin neutre. / Women occupational health should be seen as a collective issue, determined by social relations of sex. The traditional medical view of women's bodies refers to an understanding of an ever-failing body, and this is an obstacle to the recognition of attacks on women's health related to work. The empirical field of elderly home care gives us the opportunity to observe the physical and psychological discomforts for health care workers. We can also take note of the diseases linked to this work hardness. All these facts confirm the hardness of health care worker job, visible even in the recognition data of health insurance. Read those results in terms of social relation of sex allows us to understand how the ignorance of this hardship brings a collective benefit. It also indicates how important it is to offer a vision of health away from the strictly biomedical point of view, masculine neutral built.

L’Unité Populaire (1970-1973), comme expérience fondatrice, et la répression sous la dictature militaire (1973-1989) sont à l’origine de l’exil chilien. Cet exil a largement été étudié sous ses aspects politiques et la figure du réfugié le plus souvent traitée au neutre masculin. Les engagements des Chiliennes dans l’action collective, leur entrée sur le marché du travail ou encore leur participation au processus migratoire restent le plus souvent occultés.Les femmes de l’exil chilien traversent des situations particulières parce qu’elles sont des femmes. Cependant, selon leurs différentes appartenances sociales, les expériences vécues ne sont pas identiques. Ce travail doctoral se propose d’analyser leurs parcours familiaux, professionnels et militants, au Chili jusqu’à leur arrivée en France, en articulant à la fois le niveau subjectif (leur vécu, leurs expériences personnelles et leurs perceptions) et le niveau objectif (le contexte et les différents rapports sociaux en jeu). L’attention est particulièrement portée sur les rapports sociaux structurants (classe sociale, génération, sexe et « race ») ainsi que sur les stratégies et les ressources que ces femmes mobilisent. / The Chilean exile stemmed from two major episodes: the Popular Unity (1970-1973), as a founding experience, and the repression orchestrated by the military dictatorship (1973-1989). The political aspects of this exile have been extensively addressed with the figure of the refugee generally perceived as masculine-neutral. Consequently, the involvement of Chilean women in collective action, their entry into the labour market or their participation in the migratory process are often ignored.The Chilean women in exile went through experiences specific to their gender. However, these experiences differed depending on their various social affiliations. This doctoral work endeavours to analyse these women’s familial, professional, and militant paths from their situation in Chile to their arrival in France, expounding both the subjective level of their personal experiences and perceptions and the objective level of the context and various social relations at play. This work focuses specifically on structuring social relations (social class, age, gender, and race) as well as the varying strategies and resources employed by women.

Presented thesis deals with the eighth-grade elementary school pupils' view on social factors significantly affecting their learning motivation. The paper is of theoreticaly-empirical character. The base for the theoretical part is consisted of definitions of the main concepts, such as motivation and learning, social factors, environment, adolescence and demarcation of the major social factors influencing learning motivation. The main goal of the empirical part is to find out, to what extent social factors (parents, teachers, peers) are influential to learning motivation of the eight-graders. There is also a qualitative research presented. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed using ground theory principles. In total, ten interviews with the eighth-grade pupils were conducted. The main finding of the research is, that informants are mostly motivated by their parents. The teachers most commonly affect the motivation in negative manner. Peer group is the factor, which can be both motivating (by mutual learning help between pupils) and demotivating (by distracting from learning proces). In addition we discovered there are different views on influence of the social factors on pupils who are motivated intrinsically and the ones who are not. Based on the findings in this...

The aim of my thesis was to find out how people behave on social networks. My focus was to highlight the advantages and disadvantages that come out with moving into the cyberspace. As I discovered while writing, social networks can be used for good purposes, for example the charity. At the same time, I concluded that any advantage can be abused. The use of social networks is very tricky. I made up a survey to determine how people use social networks, and which are the most popular. I've created five hypotheses, two got confirmed and three did not. I believe that the results of this survey brought out quite valuable information. The questionnaires revealed that the most popular social networking site was Facebook. It was also confirmed that social networks became a real part of daily life. I wanted to draw attention to the actual topic. I think social work is important to deal with this issue more, because a lot of problems with children and adolescents takes place on the Internet today. Ignorance of this environment can lead to misunderstanding or ignorance of problems and it prevents resolving them. This topic has many more angles to describe from. I can see the importance of kids getting informed at schools by teachers and also instruction of their parents what to take care about.

L'objet de cette recherche urbanistique se situe à l'intersection de deux grandes dynamiques : la production officielle de l'espace public dans la ville contemporaine et le développement de l'activité commerciale dans les rues. Il s'agit d'une coproduction de l'espace public de facto. Cette thèse, en se construisant à partir d'études de différents types de terrain à Nankin (Chine), souhaite lancer une réflexion sur l'image et l'usage, la régulation et l'inventivité du quotidien. Elle cherche à démontrer les dimensions cachées du commerce de rue et son impact dans la vie quotidienne des habitants, car sa valeur sociale a souvent été ignorée, voire méprisée, dans la régulation de l'espace public ou dans la mise en place de projets urbains / The core topic of this urban research is situated at the crossing of two important dynamics: the official production of public space in the contemporary city and the development of commercial activities in the streets. It is a co-production of public space de facto. The thesis, originated from studies conducted on different types on land in Nanjing (China), wants to encourage a reflection on the image, the use, the regulations and the creation of everyday life. The scope is to demonstrate the hidden dimensions of street commerce and its impact in the daily lives, because its social value has often been ignored or even despised in the regulation of public space or in urban projects operations

Orientador: Angel Pino Sirgado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_SheilaDanielaMedeirosdos_D.pdf: 2523027 bytes, checksum: e99d45425450fc7f9e702122186f27f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo elucidar a essência de um paradoxo (aparente): crianças que não vivem em família, mas falam continuamente de família, tendo como pontos de ancoragem o referencial teórico de Lefebvre e Vigotski. Após realizar, durante um ano, visitas semanais a uma instituição de atendimento à infância, localizada em um município da região de Campinas, há evidências de que as crianças não estão falando propriamente de família; na realidade, elas estão reclamando da ausência de relações sociais de reconhecimento, já que o Estado/a sociedade ignoram os seus direitos, impondo-lhes como destino a situação em que foram geradas: a pobreza, a realização de tarefas socialmente desvalorizadas e a participação no sistema produtivo como exército de reserva / Abstract: This work has the objective of elucidating the essence of an apparent paradox: children who do not live in family, but talk continuously about family. The work has its anchor points on the theoretical referential of Lefebvre and Vigotski. After carrying out, during one year, weekly visits to an institution of attendance to infancy, located in the Campinas region, there are evidences that the children are not talking exactly about family; in reality, they are complaining about the absence of social relations of recognition, since the State and the society ignore their rights, imposing to them as their destiny the same situation in which they were born: poverty, the accomplishment of tasks socially devaluated and participation in the productive system as reserve army / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação