Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinaldo de Almeida Cunha.pdf: 1588559 bytes, checksum: 310fd4a4f91b045a887176faeccaa2c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Success and School failure have been quite common themes in academic papers researching on students graduating high school from public or private schools. However, few investigate the student look that still attends this level of education, and what these people expect of themselves for the near future with the way the determinants received from family and social relationships influence the young in your possible choice. Thus, this paper aims to identify the expectations of young students on their own destiny and the relationships involving their choices upon completion of high school. The study is an empirical research aimed to characterize individuals in socio-economic terms, in addition to showing existing profiles in the classroom and seek to know the social relations kept by the subjects in and out of school. Primarily aimed to understand the expectations of young high school students from public schools in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. Therefore we wish to observe how the environment and social groups such as family, school, among others, have a direct or indirect influence on the individual to choose the educational path and / or professional to be followed after completion at this level of education. The Pierre Bourdieu s concepts of cultural, social and economic capitals will be the work tab in the quest to understand how social origin and social relations are determining factors in the choice of the future of the individual. We also employ the concepts of primary and secondary socialization of Berger and Luckmann. The first form of socialization is responsible for the insertion of the individual in social media, and the second, by the process that introduces the individual already socialized into new sectors of society / Sucesso e fracasso escolar têm sido temas bastante comuns em trabalhos acadêmicos que pesquisam sobre estudantes egressos do ensino médio de escolas públicas ou privadas. Entretanto, poucos relacionam o olhar do estudante que ainda cursa esta etapa de ensino, e o que esses indivíduos esperam de si mesmos para um futuro próximo com a forma pela qual os determinantes recebidos dos familiares e das relações sociais influenciam o jovem na sua possível escolha. Sendo assim, este trabalho pretende identificar as expectativas de jovens estudantes sobre seu próprio destino e as relações que envolvem suas escolhas na conclusão do ensino médio. O estudo consiste numa pesquisa empírica que visa caracterizar os indivíduos em termos socioeconômicos, além de traçar os perfis existentes na sala de aula e procurar conhecer as relações sociais mantidas pelos sujeitos dentro e fora da escola. Prioritariamente buscamos identificar as expectativas de jovens estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais da cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Pretendemos assim, constatar de que forma o meio e os grupos sociais, tais como a família, a escola, dentre outros, exercem influência direta ou indireta sobre o indivíduo na escolha do caminho educacional e/ou profissional que pretende seguir após a conclusão deste nível de ensino. Os conceitos de capital cultural, social e econômico de Pierre Bourdieu serão o guia do trabalho na busca de compreender como a origem social e as relações sociais são fatores determinantes na escolha do futuro do indivíduo. Também empregamos os conceitos de socialização primária e secundária de Berger e Luckmann. A primeira forma de socialização é responsável pela inserção do indivíduo nos meios sociais e, a segunda, pelo processo que introduz o indivíduo já socializado em novos setores da sociedade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Aparecida Pereira Ortiz.pdf: 8371862 bytes, checksum: 1d0af6a0403c23056ef92c5f157d6fb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / It is an empirical research about existing spaces of interaction on a basic educational course to develop teachers long distance type of course. The study intends to analyze such spaces on a course that has communicative support tools interacting with communicative peculiarities of the cyber-space, by means of different agents visions teachers and pupils as well as verifying how the relations-interactions of those that act in the educative process happen in this type of teachers development, identifying/pointing out such interactions and considering the hypothesis that, although the physical presence of teacher and pupils at the same time and space, does not guarantee the availability of those who act in order to do necessaries interactions to the professional development of the professor. The development in a virtual environment, the proper conditions to promote exchanges and interactions suffer time and space alterations that certainly have impacts on the interactions nature among the agents in this type of long distance process of formation. In this research it has been use as reference, theoretical authors dedicated to long distance education studies. (Aretio, Moran, Neto and Keegan, among others) and authors that has focused on the educational teachers formation process as well as the construction of teachers lecturing knowledge (Walter, Candido, Garcia, Tardif, Nunes andMarin, among others). The procedures of this research for the collection of data held in the years 2008 and 2009 include the use of a questionary applied to 21 pupils from a long distance Pedagogy Course, interviews with 1 monitor (local-tutor) and 1 teacher (web-tutor), besides register and documents analyses and observation of the interactions situations existent during the course. The obtained results are presented by synthesis tables, describing: long distance course of teachers formation context and profile, who of the investigated people (pupils, teachers or web-tutors and monitors or local-tutors) and what they say about the Course and the interaction situations within / Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica sobre os espaços de interação existentes num curso de formação de professores para educação básica curso de Pedagogia, na modalidade à distância. O estudo pretende analisar tais espaços em curso que tem como suporte ferramentas de comunicação interativas com as particularidades comunicativas do cyber-espaço, por meio das visões de seus diferentes agentes professores e alunos bem como verificar como se dão as relações/interações entre esses atores do processo educativo nesta modalidade de formação de professores, identificando / caracterizando tais interações e considerando a hipótese de que, embora a presença física de professores e alunos, no mesmo tempo e espaço, por si só não garanta a disponibilidade dos agentes para as interações necessárias à formação profissional docente, em ambientes de formação virtual as condições próprias para a promoção de trocas e interações sofrem alterações de tempo e de espaço que, certamente, têm impactos na natureza das interações entre os agentes desse processo de formação à distância. Para realização da pesquisa foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos autores dedicados ao estudo da educação à distância (Aretio, Moran, Neto e Keegan, entre outros) e autores voltados para o estudo dos processos de formação de professores e de construção dos saberes docentes (Waller, Candido, Garcia, Tardif, Nunes e Marin, entre outros). Os procedimentos de pesquisa, para a coleta de dados realizada nos anos de 2008 e 2009, incluíram o uso de questionários aplicados a 21 alunos de um Curso de Pedagogia à distância, entrevistas com 01 monitor (tutor-local) e 01 professor (tutor-web), além da análise de registros e documentos e da observação das situações de interação presentes no curso. Os resultados obtidos são apresentados em quadros-síntese, descrevendo: contexto e perfil do curso de formação de professores à distância, quem dos sujeitos investigados (alunos, professores ou tutores-web e monitores ou tutores-local) e o que dizem a respeito do curso e das situações de interação nele presentes

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux parcours de femmes ouest-africaines à Rouen issues de plusieurs pays (Côte d’Ivoire, Guinée Conakry, Mali, Mauritanie, Nigéria, Sénégal). Elle vise à comprendre leurs vécus, leurs histoires, leurs conditions d’immigration et d’intégration dans la société d’accueil. Elle se propose de déconstruire les stéréotypes produits sur les migrantes dans l’histoire, longtemps considérées comme victimes aux droits bafoués. Cette thèse donne à voir les situations d’oppressions multiples et croisées (genre, ethnie, classe) vécues par ces femmes dans le temps et l’espace, à partir de leurs expériences concrètes. Le contexte migratoire leur permet de modifier et réorganiser les rapports sociaux de sexes et de sélectionner les pratiques culturelles de leurs communautés d’origine. Cette recherche se propose d’analyser le processus d’autonomisation et d’émancipation des femmes ouest-africaines à partir de leurs stratégies d’acquisition de pouvoir (travail, associations, réseaux professionnels, technologie, transports). Dans le contexte de mondialisation, les migrantes se positionnent comme actrices du développement économique, parties prenantes du changement social de leur continent. Le choix d’une méthode qualitative, de l’observation prolongée dans le temps du quotidien des femmes et de leurs interactions avec les hommes favorise une immersion dans leur espace personnel. / This dissertation addresses the experiences of West African women in Rouen hailing fromseveral countries of the sub-region (Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea Conakry, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeriaand Senegal). It is aimed at facilitating a better understanding of their lives, their histories, their conditions of immigration and integration in the host society. It seeks to deconstruct thehistorical stereotypes regarding female migrants that have long been viewed as victims ofviolated rights. This dissertation casts light on the situations of multiple and crossed oppressions (gender, ethnicity, class) endured by these women in time and space, based on a series of concrete experiences. The migratory context enables them to modify and reorganize the social gender relations and select cultural practices of their native communities. This research seeks to analyze the process of West African women’s empowerment and emancipation from their power acquisition strategies (work, associations, professional networks, technology, and transports). Against the backdrop of globalization, female migrants position themselves as key stakeholders of economic development and social change in their continent. The option for a qualitative method, and a protracted observation of women’s daily life and their interactions with men required an immersion in their personal space.

Esse estudo apresenta a proposta de uma reconstrução metodológica da obra de Florian W. Znaniecki, intelectual polonês, com a finalidade de evitar a ocorrência de ecletismo metodológico em estudos de sociologia comparada. Nesse sentido, argumentamos em favor da forte presença dos fundamentos metodológicos propostos por Henri Poincaré na obra de Znaniecki, devendo ser um fato não negligenciável em análises de sua obra. / This study presents a proposal for methodological reconstruction of the work of Florian W. Znaniecki, Polish scholar, with the purpose of preventing the occurrence of methodological eclecticism in comparative sociological studies. In this sense, we argued in favor of the strong presence of methodological foundations proposed by Henri Poincaré in the work of Znaniecki, which shouldnt be a negligible fact in future analyses of his work.

No description available.

<p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><p>Dag, M. (2002). Unga människor med rörelsehinder utanför arbetsmarknaden: Om bar-riärer, sociala relationer och livsvillkor.</p><p>Syftet med studien har varit att beskriva de specifika barriärer som individer med rörel-sehinder i åldrarna 20-35 år upplever att de möter i sin strävan att komma in på arbets-marknaden. Syftet har också varit att beskriva individernas livssituation under arbets-löshet och jämföra detta med livssituationen i någon form av sysselsättning. Metoden som har använts är kvalitativ, intervjuer med 12 individer med rörelsehinder.</p><p>Resultaten från intervjuerna visar att individer med rörelsehinder möter barriärer inom olika områden. Barriärerna uppkommer via ett komplext samspel mellan den so-ciala och fysiska miljön, regelsystemen och individen. Studien tyder på olika orsaker till att individer med rörelsehinder möter barriärer i sina försök att få arbete. Exempel på sådana hinder är själva funktionshindret, graden av anpassning i den fysiska miljön, samhällets fördomar och rådande lagar. Utifrån detta har studien kunnat särskilja tre huvudkategorier av barriärer - individrelaterade, miljörelaterade och regelrelaterade.</p><p>Resultatet visar att barriärer på individnivå är låg utbildning, avsaknad av yrkeserfa-renhet, lång period av arbetslöshet och dåliga kunskaper i regelsystemet. Ytterligare barriärer på individnivå är låg motivation att söka arbete.</p><p>De miljörelaterade barriärer som identifieras är främst dåligt anpassade arbetslokaler, avsaknad av tekniska hjälpmedel och dåligt fungerade färdtjänst, bristande information samt rådande attityder om funktionshindrade i samhället. Dessa aspekter innebär di-rekta hinder för anställning av rörelsehindrade.</p><p>Studien tyder också på att regelsystemen kan fungera som barriärer. Dels uppger un-dersökningsgruppen att de har bristande kunskaper i gällande regler, dels uppges att det inte är lönsamt att arbeta, eftersom inkomsten inte förbättras med ett arbete.</p><p>Key words: Funktionshinder, handikapp, barriärer, arbete, socialt stöd, sociala relatio-ner.</p><p>Munir Dag, samhällsvetenskapliga institutionen, socialt arbete, Örebro universitet, 701 82 Örebro, Sverige.</p> / <p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Dag, M. (2002). Young people with physical disabilities outside the labour market: Bar-riers, social relations and living conditions.</p><p>The aim of this study was to describe the specific barriers which young individuals (20-35 years) with physical disabilities experience that they encounter in their ambition to become part of the labour market. Furthermore, the aim was to describe the everyday life of the individuals in unemployment and to compare this with the situation in some kind of employment. The method used is qualitative, consisting of interviews with 12 individuals with physical disabilities.</p><p>The results from the interviews show that individuals with physical disabilities en-counter barriers in different areas. The barriers arise through a complex interaction be-tween the social and physical environment, legislation and the individual. The study implies that individuals with physical disablities encounter different barriers in their attempts to find work. Examples of such obstacles are the disability itself, the level of adaptation in the physical environment, prejudices in society and existing laws. From this perspective, three main categories of barriers are distinguished in the study – those related to the individual, the environment and legislation.</p><p>The result shows that barriers on an individual level are low level of education, lack of work experience, long-term unemployment and poor knowledge of legislation. Another barrier on an individual level is low motivation to look for work.</p><p>The identified barriers related to the environment were mainly poorly accomodated work places, lack of technical aids and unsatisfactory transportation services, lack of information as well as prevailing attitudes in society about people with disabilities. These aspects imply direct obstacles for people with physical disabilities to find em-ployment.</p><p>Moreover, the study indicates that legislation can be considered a barrier. The group of informants points out that they have insufficient knowledge about existing rules, but also that it is not profitable to work since their income does not improve by working.</p><p>Key words: Disability, handicap, barriers, work, social support, social relations.</p><p>Munir Dag, Department of Social Sciences, social work, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.</p> / Part of thesis: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-405

The present memorandum outlines the structure, theoretical starting points and disposition of a thesis about the activities of Finnish immigrants in a Swedish local community, more specifically their political integration. The intention is to study the municipality of Katrineholm in the years 1944 to 1991. Previous research about the actorship of immigrants in spheres such as politics, labour unions, immigrant associations, educational associations and mass-education, as well as churches and religion, is presented to give an overview of possible areas connected to political integration that can be studied. The overview of previous research also covers local immigrant politics. The intended theoretical starting points for the proposed thesis are political economy and hegemony. The latter is intended to be investigated through its expression in the social relations class, gender, ethnicity, nationality and generation. It is suggested in this memorandum that hegemonies and social relations within a local political economy can be operationalised fruitfully in a study of political integration. Hence, theoretical viewpoints and definitions connected to political integration are also elaborated on. Methodologically it is suggested that quantitative and qualitative analysis be undertaken to study the sources that the thesis is intended to be based on. Sources such as documents from the exemplified activity fields are to be used. Also, it is suggested that oral sources such as interview be used. Another possible method is a research circle, if preconditions in Katrineholm favour such an approach. The conclusion of this memorandum is that no previous studies have been undertaken using the approach presented and further that few studies of the local political integration of immigrants exist. Hence, the proposed thesis will make a significant contribution to the study of immigrant actorship, political integration and contributions to the formation of social relations and hegemonies in a local political economy.

La mobilité rurale-urbaine est sans contredit l’un des phénomènes les plus marquants que la Chine a connus depuis ses réformes des années 1980. D’une ampleur colossale, elle a constitué un fondement essentiel de sa transition et de son développement économiques. Or, si l’impact social de cette mobilité a été abondamment étudié dans les villes où séjournent les paysans, il demeure peu connu dans leur communauté d’origine, et encore moins en contexte de « nationalité minoritaire ». Reposant sur une enquête de terrain de plus d’une année, cette thèse en géographie sociale examine la (re)construction sociale dans une communauté rurale et minoritaire (c.àd. Hmong ou Miao) de Chine en lien avec le phénomène de la mobilité de travail. D’une intensité croissante, la pratique de la mobilité de travail par les membres de cette communauté est double. Les migrants sont soit des herboristes ambulants dans les villes de l’espace régional, soit des travailleurs salariés dans les villes orientales du pays. L’utilisation d’une approche du changement social intégrant les sphères du réel et de l’imagination et prenant en compte les dimensions territoriale et économique du phénomène migratoire est originale. De même, l’importance égale portée aux discours et aux actions des migrants et des non-migrants dans le processus de transformation sociale se veut novatrice. Dans ses résultats, cette thèse fait état, premièrement, d’une refonte des logiques territoriales et économiques de la communauté étudiée sous l’effet du phénomène migratoire. De toute évidence, les fondements géographiques de son territoire se sont récemment complexifiés et multipliés. Désormais, une variété de lieux, de frontières, de réseaux sociaux et d’échelles se dessine dans les configurations territoriales de ses membres. Les implications économiques sont tout aussi patentes. Outre la forte dominance des transferts d’argent des migrants dans les budgets familiaux, les questions du développement et des inégalités aux différentes échelles de la communauté renvoient aujourd’hui essentiellement au fait migratoire. Deuxièmement, cette thèse montre la forte empreinte laissée par la mobilité dans la sphère sociale. Nécessitant soutien aux extrémités de leur parcours, les migrants sollicitent de plus en plus l’aide de leurs réseaux lignagers, claniques, villageois et matrilinéaires. Et dans ce processus, il n’est pas rare qu’ils enfreignent consciemment les principes hiérarchiques traditionnels de leurs rapports familiaux. Aussi, au travers de la mobilité, des groupes longtemps marginalisés, tels les femmes et les jeunes adultes, ont acquis estime, autonomie et pouvoir décisionnel. Parallèlement, l’ordre social s’est bouleversé. Ce n’est plus le volume de la production agricole, mais le nombre de travailleurs migrants qui détermine aujourd’hui les différentes classes sociales de la communauté. Finalement, dans le contexte plus large des populations rurales et minoritaires de Chine et du Massif sud-est asiatique, cette thèse fait ressortir l’importance d’aborder la question de l’impact social de la mobilité au-delà des paradigmes de la modernisation et de l’intégration. Contrairement à la plupart des écrits touchant à cette question, il ne suffit pas de porter le regard sur l’influence que les urbains et leur mode de vie soi-disant moderne exercent sur les migrants. Il est également nécessaire de reconnaître les capacités d’initiative et d’innovation sociale des membres de ces populations, migrants et non-migrants. Mais aussi, cette recherche démontre que la question identitaire se doit d’être prise en compte. Les sentiments de marginalité et de subordination demeurent vivaces au travers du phénomène migratoire. Et de tels sentiments semblent se traduire, le plus souvent, par un renforcement des liens sociaux et intracommunautaires au sein même de ces populations minoritaires. / Rural-urban mobility is unquestionably one of the most striking phenomena that China has experienced since the wide-ranging reforms of the 1980s. Besides its unparalleled magnitude, it has been an essential foundation of its economic transition and development. But if the social impact of mobility has been extensively studied in cities where ‘peasants’ (as farmers are called in China) sojourn, little is known of the effects of mobility in their community of origin, and even less when the community belongs to a ‘minority nationality’. Based on fieldwork conducted over an 18-month period, this dissertation examines the impact of labor migration on the social (re)construction of a Hmong (Miao) community in rural China. Practices of mobility for work purposes are twofold in the studied community: migrants are either itinerant herbalists in close-by cities or factory workers in the eastern cities of the country. An original approach to social change has been used, integrating the spheres of imagination and practice, and takes into account the economic and spatial components of the migration phenomenon. Moreover, this research proposes an innovative theoretical model, by giving equal importance to the discourses and the actions in the process of social change of both migrants and non-migrants. First, this study reveals the recent remodeling of the spatial and the economic foundations of the studied community. It shows that places, scales, social networks and borders all structure the community’s territory – in both real and imaginary spheres – and that they have become more complex and numerous as a result of the unprecedented circular migration of its inhabitants to and from their village. At the economic level, besides confirming dominance of remittances at the household level, it also appears that development and inequality issues are now addressed by members of the community primarily through the phenomenon of migration. Second, the results expose the strong imprint of mobility in the social sphere. In need of support, migrants and left-behinds are increasingly seeking help within their lineage, clan, village, and matrilineal networks. In this process, it is not uncommon for them to consciously go against the traditional family hierarchies. Through mobility, long marginalized groups such as women and young adults, have now gained esteem, autonomy and decision-making power. Meanwhile, the social order has shifted. It is no longer the volume of agricultural production, but the number of migrant workers, which now determine the social classes within the community. Finally, in the broader context of minorities in China and the Southeast Asian Massif, this dissertation addresses the debate about the social impact of mobility beyond the paradigms of modernization and integration. Unlike most of the literature pertaining to this issue, this research provides evidence that it is not enough to focus on the changes experienced by migrants through contact with urban dwellers and their so-called modern way of life. It shows that it is necessary to recognize the capacity for initiative and social innovation of all the members of these minorities, migrants or non-migrants. It also stresses the centrality of the question of identity. Feelings of marginality and subordination remain strong and they do not seem to fade as a result of migration. On the contrary, these feelings seem to most often result in a strengthening of social and community bonds within these minorities.

The background to this thesis is the dramatic increase of the long-term sickness absence that took place in Sweden from the late 1990s. There was also a shift in the diagnostic pattern with rising mental diagnoses. The overall purpose was to describe and try to understand the process leading to long-term sickness absence from the perspective of the sickness absentees, in order to get a better knowledge base for preventive and rehabilitative actions. The thesis comprises four studies (I-IV). Research methods have been both qualitative and quantitative. In study I data from individual interviews with 32 persons on long-term sick leave due to burnout was analyzed using a grounded theory approach. In study II the study population comprised of 2064 employed sick-listed persons, a sub sample derived from the 2002 national Swedish survey on health, working conditions, life situation and sick-listing. It was analyzed if persons with burnout had higher probability of having experienced the steps in the burnout staircase compared to other diagnostic groups in accordance with the previously suggested hypothesis of "the burnout staircase". Study III comprised of 2521 employed persons, a sub sample derived from the same national survey as in study II. It was analyzed if psychosocial work environment and conflicts and losses in private life independently or in combination were more strongly associated to sickness absence with mental diagnoses as compared to a healthy population. In study IV individual interviews with 25 professional rehabilitation actors and 14 unemployed sick-listed persons were conducted. Data were analyzed according to grounded theory method. The process that led to sicknes absence can be described as an emotional deprivation process, illustrated as a flight of stairs (the burnout staircase) describing a sequence of steps toward sickness absence (I). In accordance with the tested hypothesis persons with burnout to a noticeable higher extent reported expereince of being in the different steps in the burnout staircase compared to sickness absentees with other diagnoses. The model seemed to be valid also for persons with other mental diagnoses (II). Reorganization and conflicts at work as well as adding adverse private life events were associated with increased risk for sickness absence with mental diagnosis (III). Three significant factors behind the weak co-operation between local social insurance and employment agencies were identified: indistinct regulation of co-operation, shifting political goals over time and conflicting goals between agencies (IV). In this thesis it has been suggested that the course of events preceding sickness absence might be understood as a process of emotional deprivation, where the individual is gradually emptied of the life-giving emotional energy revealed in joy, commitment, and empathy. This life-giving force finds its nourishment in safe and secure social relations with others and in a social structure that promotes this type of social relations. The profound changes in the Swedish labour market during the 1990s influenced not just the psychosocial work climate but also the rehabilitation efforts for unemployed sick-listed persons. When the political goal of reducing the unemployment level came to the forefront the indistinct regulation and the conflicting goals in addition were factors that impaired co-ordinated rehabilitation. In this process also the physicians were involved. A labour market problem was turned into a medical problem.

In this thesis I interrogate the possibility of 'willing and social' work participation in industrial organisation. I draw on Habermas's (1976, 1979, 1984 & 1987) work to synthesise marxist and weberian ideas, and to derive a socio -cultural or cultural Marxist perspective on Capitalism. From this position I highlight the limitations of social action in theories of organisation and work. Moreover, I theoretically derive a model of work participation that acknowledges broader orientations to work. I interrogate that model of work participation in a study of four dominant forms of industrial organisation. Those organisations are SEQEB the South East Queensland Energy Board, Eagle Boy Pizzas in Queensland, the New South Sugar Milling Cooperative Ltd, and Budge -Ellis Staff Co-operative. Gathering data for this study involved both primary and secondary research. I used a comparative and longitudinal field research approach, unstructured interviews with an interview guide, and the collection of documents recommended by interviewees. I interviewed people working in the organisations and relevant government agencies. My research involved travel in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Ultimately, I produce a sociologically informed model for the establishment of 'willing and social' work participation. I conclude work participation exists within the context of capitalism, and social relations - either formally free or free; that work participation is directly influenced by rational configurations of the world of work comprising economic, political and social worldviews; and I argue the dominance of a worldview depends on whether the political action premises of buffering and shoring successfully neutralise competing worldviews; and whether the moral dictums or espoused values of work are prescribed or invoked and result in the exploitation or deployment of internal values. My thesis points in the direction of further work on co-operative forms of organisation and work and their commonweal ideologies. In particular, my findings demonstrate a crowding out of co-operative forms and ideologies, not only by capitalist forms but also by trade union collectives. The type of research I suggest has the potential to increase the legitimation of co-operative forms of organisation. Although, the Australian co-operative movement has many achievements there remains the problem of establishing a socially progressive rationality that makes practical or operational sense to people at work. The emancipator ideal of willing and social work participation is intended to epitomise the goals of the enlightenment project, and to lead in that direction.