The thesis is about principals of small schools with composite classes. The aim is to explore activity areas of principals of small schools in Ústecký region. Questionnaire survey was used to explore the principal activities and their specifics. The results showed that the principals mostly deal with areas related to administrative, pedagogical process, communication and economic agenda. Administrative activities are rated by principals as their least favourite activity. The pedagogical process and focus on pupils is the highest priority for the principals however they would like to have more time for this activity. The work of small schools' principals can be specified by family environment of the school and close contact with teachers, pupils and parents. And more, there are specific conditions for pedagogical activity in the classes, principals are usually overloaded and they need to be versatile.

Les traductions ne servent pas tout simplement à un transfert d’informations. Les traductions construisent des ponts entre mondes, entre cultures, entre êtres humains. Mais tout ceci ne peut réussir que quand le traducteur comprend les informations essentielles, les dénotations, les connotations, les associations d’un texte de départ. Dans ce monde globalisé, le cinéma apparaît lui aussi comme un support central. Plus que tout autre domaine, il implique un transfert de culture où se reflètent directement et indirectement modes de vie, modes de pensée et pratiques linguistiques d’un espace culturel donné. Certes, la diffusion et la production de films ne se limitent plus aux frontières nationales. Mais aujourd’hui comme hier, il s’agit de faire découvrir et comprendre la langue et la culture d’un pays d’origine aux spectateurs d’un pays cible. Ce processus passe notamment par l’utilisation de versions synchronisées et de versions sous-titrées. Mais est-il vraiment possible de transcrire de façon juste et équivalente des phénomènes culturels et linguistiques ou du moins de les faire comprendre, ou bien existent-ils des spécificités culturelles qui ne passent pas les frontières de leurs propres pays ? Cette question constituera le premier point de la thèse. La recherche s’appuie sur deux films : BIENVENUE CHEZ LES CH’TIS de Dany Boon (2008) et BENVENUTI AL SUD de Luca Miniero (2010). Ces deux films représentent deux aspects différents de la culture française et italienne. Ils traitent de la division Nord-Sud ou bien des préjugés nationaux entre ces régions. Il est frappant de constater que le scénario et les dialogues du film français ont été repris pratiquement à l’identique dans la version italienne. Il nous faudra définir dans quelle mesure l’écart entre le Sud de la France et la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais peut être appliqué à l’opposition Nord-Sud en Italie qui y revêt un tout autre sens sur le plan politique. / Translation is not just about the transmission of information; no, translations build bridges between worlds, between cultures, and between people. However, all this can only be done successfully if the translator understands the essential information of a source text and succeeds in translating it into another language. The medium of film is taking centre stage in the happenings of our globalized world. It directly and indirectly reflects ways of life, mentalities and language habits of a specific cultural region. Although the diffusion and production of movies is no longer bound by national borders, the problem remains that the audience of the recipient country must be given an understanding of the language and culture of each country of origin. In an effort to solve this problem, subtitling and synchronization are used. But is it even possible to transfer cultural and linguistic phenomena adequately and equivalently, to at least make them understandable, or are there cultural specifics that do not transcend their country's borders? This question is the central issue of the dissertation. The study focuses on BIENVENUE CHEZ LES CH’TIS (Dany Boon, 2008) and BENVENUTI AL SUD (Luca Miniero, 2010). These two movies represent different fragments of French and Italian culture. They address the north-south divide or domestic prejudice between different regions. It remains to be explored to what extent these can be transmitted and made clear to a foreign-language audience. From a linguistic point of view, the reproduction of dialect along with its connotation is notable, especially as misunderstandings arising from the dialect often serve as the basis of the movies' humorous sequences.

The dissertation deals with the accounting aspects of assessing the financial health of a company with a focus on agriculture. The main objective of this study is to assess individual methods designed to evaluate the financial health of a company, to determine their sensitivity to risk data in accounting. The study is focused on the field of agriculture mainly as a result of knowledge about the difficult process of compiling and using agricultural accounting. Agriculture fall within the primary sector of the economy, is very important for landscaping and a lot of subsidies flow from the budget of state and the European Union. Due to the specifics and stated problematic areas, which cannot be fully captured by legislation, incomplete or distorted information is transmitted, being also transferred to the methods of the financial health assessment of the company. Attention is also paid to the influence of legislative changes on the values in accounting as well as creative accounting. Following the findings from the theoretical basis, the application part analyses the impact of different accounting solutions on the financial statements. A paired t-test, used for the analysis, was preceded by data normality testing using the histogram and Shapiro-Wilk test. According to these tests, statistically significant differences were found com-paring the current method of accounting used for investment subsidies and leases with the IFRS accounting, between the accounting of changes in inventories and capitalization before and after 1 January 2016, and in land valuation using historical cost and market price. All these areas influence the values of all the analysed methods of financial health assessment. Only the CH-index showed no statistically significant difference in land valuation and accounting solution of inventory activation and changes. Furthermore, the reliability and controllability of the selected methods used for the evaluation of financial health in the field of agriculture is assessed. According to the results, none of the evaluated models can be used in its original variant, but it is possible to use them to compare the company with similar enterprises or over time thanks to the proven dependence of partial indicators and even the whole models on the productivity. Another type of analysis is designed to determine the indicators that have a statistically significant impact on the actual financial situation of businesses. The method of generalized linear models - multinomial linear regression - is used for this test. To determine whether an enterprise is at risk or not, it would be possible to use the stock / income and short-term liabilities / income indicators, and the cash flow / assets indicator to determine the type of threat.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de transmission de la politique monétaire dans la zone Euro, en traitant le canal du taux d’intérêt et le canal du crédit. La démarche suivie consiste à combiner des approches théoriques et empiriques de façon à mettre en évidence empiriquement l’hétérogénéité de transmission au sein de la zone euro et l’existence du canal du crédit. Le premier chapitre consiste à étudier le pass-through aux taux bancaires. D’après les résultats, le processus de transmission semble bien influencé par la spécificité des pays de la zone euro. Les niveaux et les vitesses de transmission restent en effet hétérogènes, le niveau du pass-through est incomplet dans la plupart des cas et il a diminué au cours de la période étudiée, en particulier après la crise financière. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l’étude des déterminants de la transmission. D’après les résultats, l’hétérogénéité de la transmission se trouve son origine dans les différences des structures des banques et des marchés bancaires et dans les différences de l’intégration bancaire. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à examiner le canal du crédit dans la zone euro en distinguant la réaction des banques sur la bas de la taille, la capitalisation et la diversification bancaires. Les résultats confirment l’existence du canal du crédit dans la zone euro qui s’avère plus important après la crise financière, et montre aussi que la taille et la capitalisation bancaire jouent un rôle important dans la réaction des banques aux chocs monétaires. Cette présente thèse a apporté de nouveaux résultats par rapport à la littérature et elle a montré que le pass-through résultant de l’estimation du modèle MCE en seule étape est supérieur pour certains cas à celui du modèle en deux étapes, ainsi que le canal du crédit semble jouer un rôle plus considérable pendant la période de la crise. / The aim of this thesis is to study the transmission of monetary policy in the Euro Zone, by treating the channels of interest rate and credit. The approach consists of combining theoretical and empirical approaches in order to empirically highlight the heterogeneity of transmission within the Euro Zone and the existence of the credit channel. The first chapter dilates on the study of pass-through through banking rates. According to results, the process of pass-through seems well influenced by the specificity of the countries of Euro Zone. The levels and speeds of transmission remain heterogeneous; the level of pass-through is incomplete in most cases and decreases during the period under study, in particular after the financial crisis. The second chapter is devoted to investigate the determinants of transmission. According to results, the heterogeneity of transmission finds its origin in the differences of the structure of banks, banking markets, and in the differences of banking integration. The final chapter examines the channel of the credit in the Euro Zone by distinguishing the reaction of banks on the basis of size, capitalization, and diversification. The results confirm the existence of credit channel in the Euro Zone, which proves to be even more important after the financial crisis, and also shows that the size and capitalization of the banks play a significant role in the reaction of the banks to the monetary shocks. This thesis produces new results compared to the literature and it shows that the pass-through resulting from the estimate of ECM model in one stage is higher for certain cases, as well as the credit channel seem to play a more considerable role during the period of the crisis.

Specifics agricultural activities are transferred to the accountancy of the stated entity. Bookkeeping becomes an ambitious agenda that requires much more attention than in other fields. The biological character of production also entails a number of questions and issues that are not adequately regulated in the financial legislation of the Czech Republic. The aim of this dissertation was processing problems existing unfavorable situation in the agricultural accounting legislation and the subsequently proposed solutions in order to improve a true and fair view of the accounts. Most problems are discussed in the livestock sector . The first part was shown in animal production according to the applicable accounting legislation . Further changes were summarized in the financial legislation and problem areas that would deserve legislative clarification. Adherence to the true and fair view of the agricultural accountancy was evaluated in cooperation with the holding AGRA Deštná a.s.

The diploma thesis deals with project activities in the social sphere. The aim was to find out the specifics of project activities in the social sphere. There was one research question in relation to the objective of the research determined: What are the common features and what is the difference between project activities in social services in the South Bohemian Region? The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is focused on project management, non-profit sphere and especially on social services. The practical part of the thesis was done by qualitative approach. Data of drawing subsidies in social services in 2007 to 2013 in South Bohemian region program of support A were first evaluated in order to achieve the objective of the work. Semi-structured interviews with communication partners from non-profit organizations were done after. They were workers who are taking care of project activities in their work. Criteria for the selection of communication partners were anomalies in the allocated subsidies for social services from the support program A for the organizations in which the communication partners were employed at the time of the interviews. The interview was also conducted with a grant specialist from the South Bohemian Region. The research found that in Support Program A was supported most of these social services: nursing service, professional social counseling and homes for the elderly. On the other side, the following social services were the least supported: therapeutic communities, interpreting services, support for independent housing. Furthermore, the average subsidy from project activities to one social service, the minimum subsidy and the maximum subsidy were determined. Interviews with communication partners showed that everyone is working on projects in a team and have rich experiences. The diploma thesis identified several specifics, such as budget, financial uncertainty, variability of social services, insufficient allocation of funds, financial dependency of organizations on projects, and that projects are for the basic needs of services, such as salaries of employees. This diploma thesis may be an incentive for further research in this area, or a source of information for organizations providing social services and their staff involved in project activities and drawing subsidies.

Submitted by Jeniffer de Arruda null (je_arruda@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-01T22:09:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Jeniffer de Arruda.pdf: 1370287 bytes, checksum: 9c1003be0d21b01069554fa6d1236590 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-04T12:36:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arruda_j_me_mar.pdf: 1370287 bytes, checksum: 9c1003be0d21b01069554fa6d1236590 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T12:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arruda_j_me_mar.pdf: 1370287 bytes, checksum: 9c1003be0d21b01069554fa6d1236590 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho é baseado em ações de investigação de mestrado vinculado ao Programa de PósGraduação em Educação da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Unesp, Campus de Marília, SP. O estudo intitula-se “Especificidades da docência na infância: o foco no trabalho com bebês”. Trata-se de pesquisa com ações bibliográficas que envolveram buscas em fontes de informações digitais (Acervus, Athena, Dedalus e Scielo) com base nas quais foi produzido um instrumento de pesquisa que abarca a sistematização das referências localizadas. O estudo também contou com ações de campo baseadas em entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação da prática de quatro professoras de bebês (crianças de até três anos de idade) em quatro escolas públicas da cidade de Marília (SP). Este estudo partiu da seguinte problemática: Para os profissionais investigados, o trabalho educativo realizado com os bebês tem especificidades? Ao lado dela, outras questões emergem: Quais as percepções de professores de bebês sobre questões acerca das especificidades do trabalho pedagógico/docência na Educação Infantil? Quais seriam essas especificidades? Com base nestas indagações foram propostos os seguintes objetivos: identificar quais são as especificidades do trabalho educativo com bebês na Educação Infantil do ponto de vista teórico e prático. Em específico, destacam-se os seguintes objetivos: analisar o que os professores de bebês entendem sobre questões acerca das especificidades do trabalho pedagógico/docência na Educação Infantil; apresentar características do desenvolvimento dos bebês conforme a compreensão da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, com ênfase nos estudos de Zaporozhets. A realização da pesquisa amparase nos ideários da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, valendo-se das contribuições de autores estudiosos dessa teoria e de autores brasileiros contemporâneos que colaboram com o tema de investigação. Os estudos efetivados confirmam a existência de especificidades no trabalho com crianças pequenas e pequenininhas, partindo do pressuposto de que cada criança se torna humana por meio de aprendizagens motivadoras de seu pleno desenvolvimento e que esse processo é mediado por ações pedagógicas intencionalmente organizadas e planejadas, em um processo indissociável de cuidado e educação. Entre os resultados alcançados, destaca-se a emergência de se pensar em cursos de formação docente que sejam capazes de articular teoria e prática e que se voltem para o envolvimento do professor em sua atividade: o ensino; reafirma-se, igualmente, o papel precípuo da escola e da atuação intencional do professor; enfatiza-se, também, a potencialidade da criança como sujeito ativo como um dos fundamentos de um trabalho pedagógico humanizador na infância, de maneira a considerá-la e tratá-la como pessoa com direitos fundamentais, dentre os quais o direito a uma educação motivadora de seu desenvolvimento pleno. / This work is based on master's research activities linked to Postgraduate Program in Education of the University of Philosophy and Sciences, Unesp, Campus of Marília, SP. The study entitled “Specificities of teaching in childhood: focus in working with babies.” It’s a research with bibliographic actions involving searches of digital information sources (Acervus, Athena, Dedalus and Scielo) from which was produced a survey instrument that includes the systematization of localized references. The study also included field work from semi-structured interviews and observation of practice of four teachers babies (children under three years old) in four public schools in the city of Marília (SP). This study is based in the following issue: For the investigated professionals, educational work with babies have specificities? Next to it other issues arise: What are the babies for teacher perceptions about questions surrounding the specifics of pedagogical work / teaching in kindergarten? What are these specificities? Based on these questions, the proposed objectives are to identify what are the specifics of educational work with babies in kindergarten, the theoretical and practical point of view. In specific, the following objectives are: analyze what teachers of babies understand about questions surrounding the specifics of pedagogical work / teaching in kindergarten; display of babies developing the characteristics according to the understanding of historical-cultural theory, with emphasis on studies of Zaporozhets. To conduct the survey, we admitted on the ideals Theory Historical-Cultural, seeking the contributions of researchers and authors of this theory of contemporary Brazilian authors who collaborate with the research topic. Studies carried out confirm the existence of specificities in working with young and very little children, assuming that each child becomes human from motivating learning of its full development and that this process is mediated through educational activities intentionally organized and planned, a process inseparable from care and education. Among the achievements, we highlight the emergence of thinking in teacher training courses that are able to articulate theory and practice and to turn to teacher's involvement in its activities: teaching; we reaffirm the primary role of the school and intentional teacher performance; emphasize the child's potential as an active subject as one of the foundations of a humanizing pedagogical work in childhood in order to consider it and treat it as a person with fundamental rights among which the right to a motivating education of their full development. / CNPq: 130574/2014-7

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Enviadas por e-mail a diversos destinatÃrios, as cartas-corrente surgem cada vez mais freqÃentes nos correios eletrÃnicos. Este trabalho de pesquisa analisa as cartas-corrente digitais por meio de uma orientaÃÃo sÃcio-retÃrica de gÃneros e possui fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica composta pelos postulados de Bakhtin (1981, 1997), passando por concepÃÃes atuais de Swales (1990, 1992) e Bhatia (1993, 2004). A pesquisa nos permitiu alcanÃar os objetivos especÃficos de identificaÃÃo das cartas-corrente e diferenciaÃÃo dos outros gÃneros que circulam por e-mail, analisar seus propÃsitos comunicativos especÃficos e identificar as regularidades formais e funcionais encontradas nos exemplares. Observamos que nas cartas-corrente digitais, assim como em outros gÃneros, os aspectos formais e funcionais estÃo intimamente ligados e que as tornam diferentes entre si à o uso dos recursos lingÃÃsticos e de apresentaÃÃo da ordem de idÃias, que estÃo ligados ao tema apresentado e ao conhecimento institucional do ambiente de replicaÃÃo. A anÃlise nos permitiu identificar as regularidades da carta-corrente digital e alguns aspectos que sÃo especÃficas do prÃprio gÃnero nÃo apenas por se tratar de uma mensagem que circula por e-mail, mas por levar em consideraÃÃo as peculiaridades desse meio, as estratÃgias de escrita e a abordagem de assuntos que configuram como especÃficos. / This research analyzes the digital chain letters through the sociorethoric perspective of gender, that consider speech gender as an interaction process between people and places where it is in. The approach of textual gender discourse is based on propositions of Bakhtin (1981, 1997), Swales (1990, 1992) and Bhatia (1993, 2004). The corpus is composed of 36 digital chain letters copies. The methodology procedure is based on Bhatia (1993) and allowed us to identify digital chain letters by others genders that are in the web. The main purpose is to analyze the formal and functional aspects of digital chain letters and the specific objectives are: to analyze digital chain letters specifics purposes; to identify the standardized form characteristics; to analyze the standardized functional characteristics in the samples. The characteristics analyzed showed the essence of digital medium inside the texts. Evidenced, either, a standardized constitution of linguistics and functional aspects, that are connected to their specific purposes and have digital evidence inside constitution and text.

IN ENGLISH: The final thesis deals with the issue of further education and development of teachers in primary schools and kindergartens. The theoretical part is based on the characteristics of successful schools and learning organizations. The role of the headmaster and his activities is explained with regards to specifics of the school. Described career development tools are applied to the school environment. Research part of the thesis provides information about the use of described career development tools in surveyed kindergartens and elementary schools. A partial unplanned finding is the information that nearly half of the headmasters does not feel accordingly expertly equipped for leading teachers in their professional development.

The goal of the Masters Thesis is to analyze opportunities and subsequently develop a business plan for a new venture offering medical and health tourism services and tailored solutions to Chinese clientele, which will be formulated based on analysis of Chinese economy, its outbound tourism, business partners, clients cultural specifics and health tourism potential of the Czech Republic. The first chapter aims to analyze the Chinese socio-economic and demographic environment as well as the outbound and medical tourism of China. Next chapter uncovers cultural specifics of Chinese counterparts and customers. The third chapter defines the health and medical tourism and describes the situation in the Czech Republic. After the three theoretical chapters, the practical part in form of business plan for medical tourism agency for Chinese could be prepared.