Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 108 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-99).

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The seed germination process during sprout production provides suitable environmental conditions for the growth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes. A potential way to control this bacterial growth is through the use of bacteriophages, which are naturally occurring viruses that specifically attack bacterial targets and have been shown to be effective antimicrobials in some foods. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to bacteriophage on alfalfa sprouts during seed germination and subsequent refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Alfalfa sprout seeds were dip-inoculated with 5.5 x 105 CFU/ml L. monocytogenes serogroups 1 and 4. This was followed by treatment with the commercial bacteriophage LISTEX™ P100 at a concentration of 5.3 x 107 PFU/ml. The seeds were then soaked and germinated for 80 h using the glass jar method. The concentration of L. monocytogenes was determined every 24 h using PALCAM agar plated in triplicate. When compared to the spiked, untreated control, treatment of sprout seeds with LISTEX™ P100 resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of 1.6 log10 CFU/g L. monocytogenes after the initial 24 h of germination. However, the bacteriophage did not show a lasting inhibitory effect, with no statistically significant reductions in L. monocytogenes growth as compared to the control at subsequent time points. The bacteriophage remained stable over the entire germination and storage period. Although biocontrol of Listeria with bacteriophages has high potential to serve as an alternative strategy to control foodborne illnesses, factors such as phage delivery and dose optimization in sprouts need to be further investigated.

Magistro darbe tiriama žėlimo ypatumai grynuose pušynuose po neplynųjų atvejinių kirtimų Liepynės, Meros, Nemenčinės, Purviniškių girininkijose. Darbo objektas – V.Į. Nemenčinės miškų urėdijos Liepynės, Meros, Nemenčinės, Purviniškių girininkijų 2006–2012 metais neplynaisiais (atvejiniais) kirtimais iškirstos brandžių pušynų kirtavietės. Darbo metodai – Tyrimai vykdyti 1–7 metų minėtų girininkijų neplynųjų atvejinių kirtimų pušynų kirtavietėse 2012–2013 metais. Siekiant įvertinti žėlinių kokybę ir atlikti jų apskaitą tiriamų kirtaviečių apskaitos aikštelės buvo tolygiai išdėstytos sąlyginai – vienodais atstumais sklypų įstrižainių kryptimis. Nuo žėlinių tankumo priklausėšių stačiakampių apskaitos aikštelių plotas.Kai žėliniai buvo vidutinio tankumo (2–8 tūkst. vnt./ha) – 10 m2, kai reti (< 2 tūkst. vnt./ha) – 20 m2. Apskaitos aikštelių kiekis priklausė nuo kirtavietės ploto. Mažesniuose kaip 1 ha sklypuose buvo išdėstytos penkios aikštelės, 1–3 ha – išdėstytos aštuonios ir didesniuose kaip 3 ha – dešimt ir daugiau apskaitos aikštelių.Kiekvienoje apskaitos aikštelėje atlikti tokie vertinimai: savaiminukų gausa ir rūšis, savaiminukų gyvybingumas, žolinės dangos agresyvumo laipsnis, pažeidimai ir galimos priežastys. Darbo rezultatai – tirtose 20 neplynųjų kirtimų kirtaviečių vidutinis žėlinių tankis – 2270 vnt./ha, vidutinė žėlinių rūšinė sudėtis – 6P4B. Liepynės girininkijos – 3750 vnt./ha, 8P2B. Meros – 1210 vnt./ha,7B3P. Nemenčinės – 2070 vnt./ha,6P4B. Purviniškių – 1500 vnt... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The present Master’s thesis examines the growth peculiarities of pure pine forests after selective shelterwood cutting in Liepynė, Mera, Nemenčinė, Purviniškės forestries. Object of the thesis – cutting areas of mature pine forests, cut by selective (shelterwood) cutting, in Liepynė, Mera, Nemenčinė, Purviniškių forestries of Nemenčinė Forest Enterprise during the period of 2006–2012. Methods of the research – research was carried out in selective cutting areas of pine forests of aforementioned forestries in 1-7 years, during the period of 2012-2013. Seeking to assess the quality of sprouts and make the inventory, inventory sites of researched cutting areas were divided into relatively equal distances between areas at diagonal direction. The area of rectangular inventory sites depended on density of sprouts. In case of average density (2–8 thousandunits/ha) – 10 m2, and in case of low density (< 2 thousand units/ha) – 20 m2. The number of inventory sites depended on area of cutting zone. There were five sites in smaller than 1 ha plots, while there were eight sites in plots of 1–3 ha, and there were ten and more inventory sites in 3 ha plots. The following assessments were made in each inventory site: abundance and species of wildings, viability of wildings, aggressiveness degree of grass cover, its damage and possible causes. Results of the thesis– average density of sprouts in 20 researched selective cutting areas is2270 units/ha, average species composition of sprouts –... [to full text]

Investigations were carried out on the seasonal changes of aphids, particularly Myzus persicae (Sulz.), on hrussels sprouts and the importance of their natural enemies, from autumn 1968 to spring 1971 in the area around Edinburgh. M. persicae overwintered anholocyclically on weeds, particularly on dock plants, hut rarely on brassica crops. Plants in glasshouses also provided overwintering sites for M. persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). These aphids started gradually to infest the brussels sprout plants during the end of June in a constant but irregular movement. Both M. persicae and M.euphorbiae have no fixed patterns of population changes throughout the field nor from year to year. During early July the initially low densities of M. persicae and M. euphorbiae populations increased fast. By early August parasitism and predation increased; condensation of water droplets on the aphids also appeared in August and drowned some of them. Subsequently these mortality factors caused a sharp decline of the first peak of M. persicae abundance, and complete disappearance of H. euphorbiae from the field by mid-September. Favourable weather and reduced activities of natural enemies caused another peak of M. persicae to be reached in September. A slight drop in abundance occurred again, due mainly to parasitism; the third and last peak of a season appeared during late October and early November. The fall of this peak was attributed to the cold weather which reduced the rate of reproduction and hastened the abscission of bottom leaves which carried the aphid population. Eighteen species in eight genera of aphid parasites and at least eight species in five genera of hyperparasites were recorded. All the eleven species of primary parasites and five genera containing at least eight species of hyperparasites noted as parasites of M. persioae; and fifteen species of primary parasites and five genera of at least eight species of the hyperparasites listed tinder M. euphorbias were first records of any such parasites in Scotland. The M. persicae records as aphid host of seven species of primary parasites and two genera of at least three species of hyperparasites; and M. euphorbiae also as an aphid host of seven species of primary parasites and two genera of at least four species of hyperparasites were new records in Britain. Three and four species of primary parasites listed respectively under M, persicae and M. euphorbiae as aphid host were found to he new records in the general literature. Praon volucre (Hal.) was the dominant species of the primary parasites followed by Diaeretiella rapae Mcintosh and Aphidius picipes (Hees) which were about half and one third as numerous as the dominant species. Asaphes vulgaris Walker was the dominant species of the hyperparasites with cynipids about equally abundant. Some aspects of the bionomics of hyperparasites and primary parasites, particularly P. volucre, were given. Factors which limited the effectiveness of the parasites, particularly P. volucre, included 1. the fast developmental rate and the lower threshold of the aphid host (M, persicae) as compared to that of thep parasite (P. volucre). 2. hyperparasitism; - in 1969 and 1970 aphids on brussels sprouts were hyperparasitised respectively to the extent of 39.4% and 46.9% 3. harvesting of brassica crops during autumn which destroyed some of the aphid mummies and the aphid populations which could be parasitised to increase the numbers of the overwintering mummies. 4. overwintering of the parasites which started during late summer and early autumn while the aphid hosts were reproducing.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-06-19T00:42:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano_cunha.pdf: 1713625 bytes, checksum: 4051e5f692695e5d9a97621c1f013019 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-19T00:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano_cunha.pdf: 1713625 bytes, checksum: 4051e5f692695e5d9a97621c1f013019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / Nenhuma / Inúmeros benefícios para a saúde humana podem ser adquiridos na dieta através de alimentos com teores substantivos de compostos bioativos. Dentre os alimentos que mais se destacam, estão aqueles que possuem níveis significativos de vitamina C (ácido ascórbico), vitamina E (α-tocoferol), carotenóides e compostos fenólicos, em especial os flavonóides. Provenientes dos metabólitos secundários das plantas, estes compostos são capazes de combater reações em cadeia danosas ao organismo humano. De acordo com a literatura, é possível encontrar inúmeras propriedades benéficas extraídas em sementes de plantas germinadas, capazes de retardar ou impedir os danos oxidativos nas células causados pela ação dos radicais livres. Processos complexos ocorrem durante o evento da germinação, entre eles a reorganização de membranas e organelas, o aumento na atividade respiratória, a síntese e o consumo de ATP, a síntese de proteínas e de mRNAs e a ativação de enzimas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil de compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante em grãos comestíveis de cereais de trigo (Triticum eastivum L.) e cevada (Hordeum vulgare), em diferentes dias de germinação, utilizando as técnicas de determinação do conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, e da atividade antioxidante pelos radicais ABTS (ácido 2,2-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-sulfônico) e DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil). Os resultados mostraram que a germinação aumentou os níveis de compostos fenólicos totais, bem como a atividade antioxidante das sementes, nos diferentes dias do processo de germinação. Registros de períodos de picos foram significativos para ambas amostras a partir do quarto dia de germinação. É possível perceber que o processo de germinação de sementes é uma eficaz técnica de manipulação para as sementes com a intenção de obter compostos bioativos importantes para manutenção da saúde humana. / Numerous benefits to human health can be acquired in the diet through foods with significant amounts of bioactive compounds. Among the foods with the best performance are those with significant levels of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and carotenoids phenolic compounds, particularly the flavonoids. From the secondary plant metabolites, these compounds are able to combat harmful reactions in the human body chain. According to the literature, one can find numerous beneficial properties extracted seeds germinated plants, able to delay or prevent oxidative damage to cells caused by the action of free radicals. Complex processes occurring during germination event, including reorganization of the membrane and organelles, increasing the respiratory activity, synthesis and consumption of ATP, protein synthesis, and mRNAs and activation of enzymes. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in edible seeds of cereals wheat (Triticum eastivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), on different days of germination, using the techniques of determination of total phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity from the ABTS (ácido 2,2-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-sulfônico) e DPPH (2,2-difenil-1- picrilidrazil) radicals. Our results showed that germination increased the levels of phenolic compounds, as well as the antioxidant activity of the seeds in the different days of the processo of germination. Records peak periods were significant for both samples from the fourth day of germination. The process of seed germination is an effective technique for handling the seeds with the intention of getting important bioactive compounds for maintaining human health.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:46:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joseli.pdf: 2335213 bytes, checksum: fd60529af8ad17361a471315a6423234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / In search of healthy food with high nutritional value and easy preparation, it has been using more frequently bean sprouts in the diet. Considering that the germination process is simple and money-saving, and that during germination the nutritional contents are larger than the grain ones, the objective of this study was identifying bean varieties that could be used for the production of food sprouts. We also wanted to compare them on physical, physiological, microbiological, and nutritional aspects, as well as verify their acceptability as new alternatives in a diet. In seeds, it was determined the water content, germination, vigor and water absorption curve. In sprouts and seeds, we done microbiological analyses. As result on the sprouts, it was quantified acidity, protein, iron, calcium, tannin and weight loss to determine the shelf life; the acceptability was measured by sensory analysis. The experimental design used was completely randomized with four varieties and four replicates per variety, and for the soaking curve it was performed polynomial regression. The seeds of mung bean and cowpea presented better physiological quality than other varieties. The mung bean got higher productivity, with a production referring to six times its initial mass. The beans did not obtain higher productivity due to the low vigor presented by the seeds. The production of sprouts with carioca and cowpea varieties was not significant, thus it is necessary to study new methodologies. The seeds and sprouts showed good microbiological quality. Higher levels of protein and iron were observed in mung sprouts, while the calcium and tannin were higher in azuki bean sprouts. The sprouts of mung bean and azuki obtained similar results for the sensory analysis parameters and had good acceptability by the tasters. / Na busca de alimentos saudáveis, com alto valor nutritivo e de fácil preparo, vem se utilizando com maior frequência brotos de feijão na alimentação. Tendo em vista que o processo de germinação é simples, econômico e que durante a germinação os teores nutricionais são maiores do que no grão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar variedades de feijão que pudessem ser utilizadas para a produção de brotos alimentícios e compará-las quanto à qualidade física, fisiológica, microbiológica e sua composição química, bem como verificar a aceitabilidade destes, como novas alternativas para a dieta alimentar. Nas sementes foram realizadas determinações de teor de água, germinação, vigor e curva de absorção de água. Nos brotos e nas sementes foram realizadas análises microbiológicas. E nos brotos, foi quantificado o teor de acidez, proteína, ferro, cálcio, tanino e perda de massa para determinação do tempo de prateleira; a aceitabilidade foi medida por análise sensorial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado DIC com quatro variedades e quatro repetições por variedade, e para curva de embebição foi realizado regressão polinomial. As sementes do feijão mungo e do feijão caupi demonstraram ter melhor qualidade fisiológica do que as demais variedades. As sementes e os brotos apresentaram qualidade microbiológica, pois os valores ficaram em conformidade com a legislação. O feijão mungo obteve maior produtividade (695,32 g de broto), apresentando produção referente a seis vezes de sua massa inicial. O feijão azuki não obteve maior produtividade (114,12 g de broto) devido às sementes apresentarem baixo vigor. A produção de brotos com a variedade carioca e caupi não foi significativa, sendo necessário o estudo de novas metodologias. As sementes e os brotos apresentaram qualidade microbiológica. Maiores teores de proteína (21,17 g) e ferro (9,25 mg) foram observados nos brotos de mungo , enquanto que os teores de cálcio (360 mg) e tanino (34,58%) foram maiores nos brotos de feijão azuki. Os brotos de feijão mungo e azuki obtiveram resultados semelhantes para os parâmetros avaliados na análise sensorial, e mostraram ter boa aceitabilidade pelos provadores com índice de satisfação acima de 70%.

Magistro darbe tiriama žėlimo ypatumai grynuose pušynuose po atvejinių kirtimų Norulių girininkijoje. Darbo objektas - Druskininkų miškų urėdijos Norulių girininkijoje 2005 – 2012 metais neplynaisiais (atvejiniais) kirtimais iškirstos brandžių pušynų kirtavietės. Darbo tikslas - ištirti žėlimo ypatumus atvejinių kirtimų pušynų kirtavietėse nederlingose augavietėse. Darbo metodai – tyrimai vykdyti 1 – 6 metų Norulių girininkijos atvejinių kirtimų kirtavietėse, kuriose buvo tolygiai išdėstytos apskaitos aikštelės sąlyginai – vienodais atstumais sklypų įstrižainių kryptimis, siekiant atlikti žėlinių apskaitą ir įvertinti jų kokybę. Kadangi mūsų vertinami žėliniai buvo reti arba vidutinio tankumo - atitinkamai apskaitos aikštelės buvo imamos po 20 m2 arba 10 m2 . Kiekvienoje apskaitos aikštelėje atlikti šie vertinimai: savaiminkų rūšis ir gausa, savaiminukų gyvybingumas, pažeidimai ir galimos priežastys, žolinės dangos agresyvumo laipsnis. Darbo rezultatai – tirtose 57 kirtavietėse vidutinis žėlinių tankis buvo 860 vnt./ha. Išretintose pušynų kirtavietėse Na augavietėje vyrauja reti beržo ir pušies žėliniai, kurių vidutinis tankis buvo 670 vnt./ha. Nb augavietėje vidutinis žėlinių tankis 1050 vnt./ha. Pušies žėlinių tankis didėjant kirtavietės amžiui kinta nežymiai, o beržo tankis – didėja. Žėlimo skatinimui mineralizuojant dirvą plūgu PKL – 70, pušis intensyviau (60 %) želia vagos viršuje Na augavietėje. Papildomas pušies sėjimas Na augavietėje 50 % padidina žėlinių tankį, Nb... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master’s thesis analyses peculiarities of pure pine forests after occasional deforestation cases in Noruliai forestry district. Object of the thesis – non smooth cutting zones of mature pines appeared after occasional cuttings in Druskininkai forestry region, Noruliai forestry district in the year 2005 – 2012. Aim of the thesis – to analyse growth peculiarities in the zones of occasional pine deforestation zones in the areas of poor soil. Methods used – researches were performed in the occasional deforestation zones, dating the period of 1 – 6 years, in Noruliai forestry district. Each non smooth cutting area was divided into equal distances in diagonal directions while trying to do accounting as well as to evaluate their quality. As our considered growing areas were gappy or of medium density, the sites were chosen of 20 m2 or 10 m2. The following assessments were performed in each of the recording sites: spontaneous type and their abundance, vitality of spontaneous type, the level of aggression while speaking about grass cover. Results of the thesis – the average growth density in the researched 57 cutting zones was 860 unit/ha. In the researched pine cutting zones, Na growing zones, the most common turned to be birches and pines. Their average density was 670 unit/ha. The average growing density in Nb growing zones turned to be 1050 unit/ha. The density of pine sprouts while enlarging cutting zones changes marginally when the time goes by, but the density of birches... [to full text]

Magistro darbe tiriamas miško žėlimas neapaugusioje mišku žemėje, vertinami įvairūs veiksniai įtakojantys savaiminį miško formavimąsi. Darbo objektas: 8 želvietės neapaugusioje mišku nedirbamoje žemėje. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti miško žėlimą ir jį įtakojančius veiksnius buvusioje žemės ūkio paskirties neapaugusioje mišku žemėje. Tyrimo metodai: aštuoniose žėlimo plotuose buvo išskirtos laikinos stačiakampės apskaitos aikštelės 10 m2 (2 x 5 m). Jose buvo nustatoma savaiminukų rūšis, skaičius, amžius, aukštis bei pažeidimai. Gautų duomenų apdorojimui, t.y. grafiniam duomenų pavaizdavimui, buvo naudojama Microsoft Excel programa. Darbo rezultatai: apibendrinus gautus duomenis nustatyta, kad visose tirtose želvietėse, rastas savaiminukų kiekis pakankamas naujam miškui formuotis. Nustatyta, kad dviejuose sklypuose tikslinės rūšys neatitiko norminių dydžių. Geriausios sąlygos miškui atsikurti P vyraujančių vėjų kryptis bei iki 60 m atstumas nuo miško pakraščio. / This master work analyzing forestry natural regeneration in abandoned agricultural land, evaluation various subjects that influence to natural regeneration. Object of the work: 8 natural regeneration areas to abandoned agricultural land. Aim of the work: investigate natural forest regeneration process on abandoned agricultural land in district of Švenčionys. Methods: the research was accomplished in eight natural regeneration areas in forest stewardship of Švenčionėliai. There were chosen 63 research bars depending of forest area (every at 10 m2) at research time in this places. Results: the results of this investigation showed that birch and pine seeds are enough for itself forest sprouting in all research bars. The seeds were found from twenty to one hundred forty eight meters from the forest edge. The best conditions to forest`s sprouts grow is south directions and by 60 meters edge of a wood.

Darbo objektas. VĮ Rokiškio miškų urėdijos Vyžuonos girininkijos elninių žvėrių populiacijos, jų valdymas, įtaka miško atkūrimui, bei miško želdinių apsaugos priemonės ir jų efektyvumas. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti VĮ Rokiškio miškų urėdijos Vyžuonos girininkijos elninių žvėrių populiacijas, jų gyvenamą aplinką bei poveikį miškui. Darbo metodai. Literatūrinės loginės analizės ir sisteminės atrankinės apskaitos. Darbo rezultatai. Vyžuonos girininkijos miškuose gyvena šie elniniai žvėrys: Taurieji elniai ( tankis 10,6 vnt.../1000ha.); Briedžiai (tankis 2,4 vnt.../1000ha.); Stirnos (tankis 80 vnt.../1000ha.) Atsižvelgiant į poveikį miško želdiniams bei žėliniams laupant žievę, elninių žvėrių gausą reikėtų išlaikyti nepakitusią. Elninių žvėrių naudojimas yra per mažas. Pagrindinė rūšis turėtų būti taurusis elnias, šalutinė – stirna, nepageidautina rūšis turėtų būti briedis. Miško želdiniai bei žėliniai nuo elninių žvėrių galimo neigiamo poveikio yra saugomi. Vyžuonos girininkijoje dažniausiai naudojama apsaugos priemonė yra repelentai. 2009 - 2010 metų žiemą saugomas plotas sudarė 44,9 ha. / Object of work. Rokiskis Forest Enterprise Forestry Vyžuonų game deer population management, the influence of forest regeneration and forest plantations, protection measures and their effectiveness. Purpose of work. To evaluate the population of the cervines , their surroundings and their influence to the forest. The methods of work. The logical analyses of the literature and systematic rating. The work results. Cervines living in the forests of the forestry Vyzuona are: Red deer (density 10,6 units/1000 ha) Moose (density 2,4 units/1000 ha) Hind (density 80 units/1000 ha) Considering the influence to sprouts and young growth the population should stay consistent. The use of the cervines is too low. Main species should be red deer, secondary hind, moose should be unacceptable. The forest sprouts and young growth have been protected from negative effects or cervines. In the forestry of Vyzuona mainly the repellents are used for the protection. In the year 2009-2010 the protected area was 44.9 ha.