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[pt] A empresa petrolífera estudada define a meta para o estoque total de petróleo utilizando inúmeros fatores, porém não considera em sua metodologia os custos despendidos no transporte marítimo. Durações de estadia acima do padrão geram custos adicionais substanciais no processo de movimentação de petróleo e o conhecimento dos fatores que afetam a estadia pode auxiliar na identificação das ações que devem ser tomadas para redução dos custos. Desta forma, com o propósito de contribuir para a redução dos custos de transporte marítimo, o objetivo do trabalho é verificar a dependência entre a estadia de navios em um grande terminal da empresa e outras variáveis da cadeia de suprimentos. Os dados históricos de estadia de navios, estoque, produção, refino, venda e compra de petróleo, nos anos de 2016 e 2017, foram obtidos dos sistemas internos da companhia, e foram avaliados estatisticamente. A regressão que melhor explicou a quantidade de navios aguardando atracação no terminal estudado conteve como variáveis independentes o estoque total da empresa, o refino, o estoque de petróleo dos terminais e refinarias atendidas pelo terminal estudado e o valor da quantidade de navios aguardando atracação no período anterior. Utilizando a equação do modelo selecionado, é constatado que elevações no estoque total de petróleo provocam um aumento no custo de estadia 11 porcento maior que o aumento do custo financeiro do estoque. Assim, com base nos resultados obtidos, esse trabalho propõe que o impacto do nível de estoque na estadia dos navios deve ser considerado no cálculo do estoque meta, o que trará ganhos de dezenas de milhões de dólares ao ano para a empresa estudada. / [en] The petroleum company studied sets the target for the total oil stock using many factors, but does not consider in its methodology the costs incurred in shipping. Length of stay above the standard will generate significant additional costs in the oil transportation. Knowledge of the factors that affect the stay can help identify the actions that must be taken to reduce costs. Thus, in order to contribute to the reduction of shipping costs, the objective of this work is to verify the dependence between the stay of ships in a large terminal of the company and other variables of the supply chain. The historical data on the duration of the ship stay, inventory, production, refining, sale and purchase of oil in the years 2016 and 2017 were obtained from the company s internal systems and were statistically evaluated. The regression that best explained the number of ships waiting berthing at the terminal studied contained as independent variables the company s total oil stock, the refining, the oil stock of the terminals and refineries served by the terminal studied and the number of ships waiting berthing in the previous period. Using the equation of the selected model, increases in the total oil inventory cause a 11 percent higher excess of stay cost than the increase in the financial cost of the stock. Thus, based on the results obtained, this work proposes that the impact of the inventory level on the ship s stay have to be considered in the calculation of the target stock, which will bring tens of millions of dollars a year earnings for the company studied.

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of nature for the health and well-being of young adults. A qualitative method was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven people from the ages of 15-20. The interviews were transcribed with the results of the study revealing that nearly everyone felt calm and relaxed while they were in a natural environment. The most common motivation to be outdoors was socializing with friends, performing any kind of sport and/or taking walks. Reasons to stay indoors were rainy, cold weather, lack of time, and in some cases circumstances related to their surroundings, such as where they live. The findings suggest that a natural environment has positive effects for the health of adolescents. Measures should be taken to promote the outdoors, especially for people who live in countries where the weather makes it less enticing to be outside, for example Northern Europe. Further research is needed to investigate <em>what</em> measures should be taken, and a suggestion for future research is to give adolescents an opportunity to provide with ideas.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats har skrivits med syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse naturen har för ungdomars hälsa, samt redogöra för vad som får ungdomar att spendera tid utomhus respektive stanna inomhus. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirisk data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva ungdomar mellan åldrarna 15-20 år. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades innan en innehållsanalys genomfördes. Studiens huvudresultat visade att vistelse i naturen gav ungdomar en känsla av avslappning och lugn och att naturen var en plats de trivs i. De vanligaste orsakerna till vistelse utomhus var umgänge med kompisar, utförande av någon typ av sport eller promenader. Anledningar till att stanna inomhus var regn och kyla, tidsbrist samt i vissa fall omständigheter på grund av omgivningen, såsom var boendet ligger i förhållande till naturen. Eftersom vistelse i naturen visade sig positivt för ungdomars hälsa bör åtgärder vidtas för att öka deras utomhusvistelse. Detta speciellt för ungdomar som bor i länder där vädret ofta gör det mindre lockande att gå ut, såsom i norra Europa. Vidare forskning behövs för att utreda vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas och ett förslag är att ge ungdomarna själva chansen att komma med idéer.</p>

The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of nature for the health and well-being of young adults. A qualitative method was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven people from the ages of 15-20. The interviews were transcribed with the results of the study revealing that nearly everyone felt calm and relaxed while they were in a natural environment. The most common motivation to be outdoors was socializing with friends, performing any kind of sport and/or taking walks. Reasons to stay indoors were rainy, cold weather, lack of time, and in some cases circumstances related to their surroundings, such as where they live. The findings suggest that a natural environment has positive effects for the health of adolescents. Measures should be taken to promote the outdoors, especially for people who live in countries where the weather makes it less enticing to be outside, for example Northern Europe. Further research is needed to investigate what measures should be taken, and a suggestion for future research is to give adolescents an opportunity to provide with ideas. / Denna uppsats har skrivits med syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse naturen har för ungdomars hälsa, samt redogöra för vad som får ungdomar att spendera tid utomhus respektive stanna inomhus. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirisk data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva ungdomar mellan åldrarna 15-20 år. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades innan en innehållsanalys genomfördes. Studiens huvudresultat visade att vistelse i naturen gav ungdomar en känsla av avslappning och lugn och att naturen var en plats de trivs i. De vanligaste orsakerna till vistelse utomhus var umgänge med kompisar, utförande av någon typ av sport eller promenader. Anledningar till att stanna inomhus var regn och kyla, tidsbrist samt i vissa fall omständigheter på grund av omgivningen, såsom var boendet ligger i förhållande till naturen. Eftersom vistelse i naturen visade sig positivt för ungdomars hälsa bör åtgärder vidtas för att öka deras utomhusvistelse. Detta speciellt för ungdomar som bor i länder där vädret ofta gör det mindre lockande att gå ut, såsom i norra Europa. Vidare forskning behövs för att utreda vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas och ett förslag är att ge ungdomarna själva chansen att komma med idéer.

Cette recherche est une contribution à l'amélioration du Home Stay, forme de tourisme chez l'habitant d'apparition récente en Thaïlande. Enseignante de français dans une Université d'une région touristique, il nous est apparu que son développement profiterait à la région et offrirait des débouchés à nos étudiants. Nous avons recensé les Home Stay qui recevaient des touristes français ou francophones, dont nous avons contacté chefs de villages et habitants ainsi que les visiteurs étrangers présents lors de nos visites. Nous leur avons fait remplir des questionnaires, les visiteurs étrangers étant classés en trois catégories: français, francophones et autres, questionnaires que nous avons dépouillés à l'aide d'un logiciel SPSS. Nous en avons conclu à la nécessité de médiateurs interculturels. Pour permettre aux visiteurs étrangers de satisfaire leur curiosité sur le mode de vie traditionnel des habitants, leurs travaux, leurs fêtes et leurs coutumes et répondre également au souhait des habitants, il fallait une présence permanente dans les villages de tels médiateurs. Nous avons jugé qu'il serait intéressant de proposer à nos étudiants une formation linguistique et interculturelle pour pratiquer ce métier, ces deux compétences étant également nécessaires pour jouer le rôle de médiateurs dans un Home Stay. Pour éviter le choc culturel et les malentendus dus à la différence culturelle entre habitants et visiteurs étrangers, il est indispensable de mettre l'accent dans cette formation sur l'éducation et la communication interculturelles. Cette formation devra leur faire acquérir les trois composantes de la compétence en communication : savoirs, savoir-faire et savoir-être. / This research is contributed to the improvement of the Home Stay, a form of tourism recently appear in Thailand that allows the visitor to stay in a house of local family. Teaching French in a university within a touristic region, it appeared to us that this type of tourism would offer advantages not only to the region and but also to our students. We formulated the Home Stay for welcoming French or French-speaking visitors by contacting the village chiefs and the villagers as well as the others foreign visitors during our visits. We asked them to fill in a questionnaire, with the foreign visitors classified into three categories: French, French-speaking and Other, which we analyzed by statistical software SPSS. In conclusion, the results of the questionnaire data point to the necessity of the intercultural mediators. In letting the foreign visitors satisfy their curiosity about the villagers' traditional way of life, their works, their fetes and their customs, and responding to the desire of the villagers, it appears that these mediators could be required on a permanent basis, in the village. In turn, we propose a linguistic and intercultural program to our students towards the goal of becoming intercultural mediators. These two competencies are also necessary for the role of mediators in a Home Stay. In order to avoid cross-cultural and misunderstanding between the villagers and foreign visitors, it is necessary to emphasize the intercultural education and communication in this program. It would allow students to obtain three components of communication competency: knowledge, skills and attributes common to intercultural mediators.

The goal of this study was to understand black women’s perspectives on stay-at-home mothering and examine the ways in which Mocha Moms, Inc. provides support. Twelve African American mothers from three chapters of Mocha Moms, Inc. were interviewed and data were analyzed and coded for themes. Findings indicate that participants did not aspire to stay home with their children. Additionally, participants reject stereotypical ideas of at-home mothering. They also see themselves as the primary educators of their children. Finally, they do not feel respected in the black community or in society.

Background: Health information exchange technologies are currently being implemented in many practice settings with the promise to improve quality, efficiency, and costs of care. The benefits are likely highest in settings where entry into the healthcare system is gained; however, in no setting is the need for timely, accurate, and pertinent information more critical than in the emergency department (ED). This study evaluated the use of a payer-based electronic health record (EHR) in an ED on quality, efficiency, and costs of care among a commercially insured population.Methods: Data came from a large health plan and the ED of a large urban ED. Visits with the use of a payer-based EHR were identified from claims between 9/1/05 and 2/17/06. A historical comparison sample of visits was identified from 11/1/04 to 3/31/05. Outcomes included return visits, ED duration, use of laboratory and diagnostic imaging, total costs during and in the four weeks after, and prescription drug utilization.Results: A total of 2,288 ED visits were analyzed (779 EHR visits and 1,509 comparison visits). Discharged visits were associated with an 18 minute shorter duration (95% CI: 5-33); whereas, the EHR among admitted visits was associated with a 77 minute reduction (95% CI: 28-126). The EHR was also associated with $1,560 (95% CI: $43-$2,910) savings in total plan paid for the visit among admitted visits. No significant differences were observed on return visits, laboratory or diagnostic imaging services and total costs over the four week follow-up. Exploratory analyses suggested that the EHR may be associated with a reduction in the number of prescription drugs used among chronic medication users.Conclusion: The EHR studied was associated with a significant reduction in ED duration. Technologies that can reduce ED lengths of stay can have a substantial impact on the care provided to patients and their satisfaction. The data suggests that the EHR may be associated with lower health plan paid amounts among admitted visits and a reduction in the number of pharmacy claims after the visit among chronic users of prescription drugs. Additional research should be conducted to confirm these findings.

The first part of the thesis addresses the fatigue performance of concrete bridge decks with GFRP stay-in-place structural forms replacing the bottom layer of rebar. The forms were either flat plate with T-up ribs joined using lap splices, or corrugated forms joined through pin-and-eye connections. The decks were supported by simulated Type III precast AASHTO girders spaced at 1775mm (6ft.). Two surface preparations were examined for each GFRP form, either using adhesive coating that bonds to freshly cast concrete, or simply cleaning the surface before casting. For the bonded deck with flat-ribbed forms, adhesive bond and mechanical fasteners were used at the lap splice, whereas the lap splice of the unbonded deck had no adhesive or fasteners. All the decks survived 3M cycles at 123kN service load of CL625 CHBDC design truck. The bonded flat-ribbed-form deck survived an additional 2M cycles at a higher load simulating a larger girder spacing of 8ft. Stiffness degradations were 9-33% with more reduction in the unbonded specimens. Nonetheless, live load deflections of all specimens remained below span/1600. The residual ultimate strengths after fatigue were reduced by 5% and 27% for the flat-ribbed and corrugated forms, respectively, but remained 7 and 3 times higher than service load. The second part of the thesis investigates the performance of bridge deck overhangs reinforced by GFRP rebar. Overhangs of full composite slab-on-girder bridge decks at 1:2.75 scale were tested monotonically under an AASHTO tire pad. Five tests were conducted on overhangs of two lengths: 260mm and 516mm, representing scaled overhangs of 6ft. and 8ft. girder spacing, respectively. The 260mm overhang was completely reinforced with GFRP rebar while the 516mm overhang consisted of a GFRP-reinforced section and a steel-reinforced section. The peak loads were approximately 2 to 3 times the established equivalent service load of 24.3kN, even though the overhangs were not designed for flexure according to the CHBDC but rather with lighter minimum reinforcement in anticipation of shear failure. The failure mode Abstract ii of each overhang section was punching shear. The steel-reinforced overhang section exhibited a greater peak load capacity (13.5%) and greater deformability (35%) when compared to the GFRP-reinforced overhang section. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-17 18:54:18.131

Education in South Africa plays an important role in the economy and in the future of the people of our country. There is a major shortage of suitably qualified teachers, not only in South Africa but worldwide. Other problems that exist within the teaching profession are teacher strikes, large number of learners in classes, violence, depression, anxiety, to name a few. Many teachers leave the profession as they are faced with all these different problems. It is therefore necessary to recruit and retain qualified teachers. Some teachers find pleasure from all these stressors and they can be described as engaged in their work. Hence, a shift towards a positive psychology mind-set is needed for teachers to stay in the teaching profession. Social support can be regarded as a positive mechanism between co-workers to show concern for each other's fee lings and to encourage good work performance. Social support is therefore a key factor in retaining teachers. The psychological conditions (psychological meaningfulness, psychological safety and psychological availability) are included in this study to examine how teachers experience themselves at the school and how psychological conditions influence their work engagement. The more social support colleagues receive, and the more engaged they are in their work, the more likely they are to stay in the profession. The general objective of this study was to investigate teachers' intention to stay in the teaching profession. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. A quantitative approach was followed by selecting a convenience sample of participants (N=233) in the Gauteng East di strict. The measuring instruments that were administered include the Work Experiences Scale and the Work Engagement Scale (May, Gilson & Harter, 2004), and the Intention to Stay Scale (Mayfield & Mayfield, 2007). The statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS programme (SPSS, 2009). Statistically significant relationships were found between social support, psychological conditions, work engagement and intention to stay. The results confirmed that social support and work engagement were significant predictors of intention to stay. The relationship between social support and work engagement was mediated by psychological conditions. Some of the recommendations include that schools should implement formal or informal support groups to maintain productivity as well as to create an environment that is safe. These support groups will make teachers more available to each other in order to discuss different challenges and initiatives. Regarding the recommendations for future research it came about that qualitative research would show the potential to identify vital factors that have not been recognised by this study where only certain questionnaires were used to find data amongst teachers. To conclude, this study suggests that social support and work engagement are vital constructs to consider when conducting research on the intention to stay of employees, and that psychological conditions plays a role in the relationship between social support and work engagement. Therefore, these dimensions also seem to have an influence on teachers' work and their intention to stay in the teaching profession. / M.Com, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011