The aim of this thesis is to summarizingly describe non-contractual institutions of the use of copyrighted work, to define this legal branch under the system of copyright law as well as to briefly introduce the essential institutes and concepts of copyright law as such. The second chapter focuses on the explanation of the concept of copyright law and its placement in the system of law. Afterwards, a brief historical background of copyright law on the territory of the Czech Republic and the most important reasons for providing copyright protection are introduced. In the third chapter, the essential concepts of copyright law are defined, such as author's work, the characteristics of author's works, categories of author's works, exceptions to copyright and the concept of authorship. The description of when the copyright protection is created follows. Then, the definition of the content of copyright, including the scope of moral and economic rights of author of the work, is presented. Finally, the institution of public domain is explained. The fourth and main chapter of this thesis contains a digression in the field of copyright contracts, followed by the introduction to the field of the non-contractual institutions of the use of copyrighted work. Next, there is an overview of the European and...

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the effects of induced fatigue on performance of the balance, lengthwise test, the leg raise test, the vertical space te4st, and the separate feet test.

The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized step test and a valid regression model that used non-exercise data and data collected during the step test to estimate VO2max in males and females 18 to 30 years of age. All participants (N= 80) successfully completed a step test with the starting step rate and step height being determined by the self-reported perceived functional ability (PFA) score and participant's height, respectively. All participants completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to measure VO2max. Multiple linear regression analysis yielded the following equation (R = 0.90, SEE = 3.43 mL/kg/min): 45.938 + 9.253(G) - 0.140(KG) + 0.670(PFA) + 0.429(FSR) - 0.149(45sRHR) to predict VO2max (mL/kg/min) where: G is gender (0=female;1=male), KG is body mass in kg, PFA is the sum of the two PFA questions, FSR is the final step rate (step-ups/min), and 45sRHR is the recovery heart rate 45 seconds following the conclusion of the step test. Each independent variable was significant (p < 0.05) in predicting VO2max and the resulting regression equation accounted for roughly 83% (R2=0.8281) of the shared variance of measured VO2max. Based on the standardized B-weights, gender (0.606) explained the largest proportion of variance in VO2max values followed by PFA (0.315), body mass (-0.256), FSR (-0.248), and the 45sRHR (-0.238). The cross validation statistics (RPRESS = 0.88, SEEPRESS = 3.57 (mL/kg/min-1) show minimal shrinkage in the accuracy of the regression model. This study presents a relatively accurate model to predict VO2max from a submaximal step test that is convenient, easy to administer, and individualized.

To perform a physical performance test is a good way to keep track of one’s health and can be beneficial to find evidence of deviations in the body. This thesis focuses on the development of a mobile-based heart rate algorithm that can be used with the Queens College Step Test, on the behalf of Mobistudy. Mobistudy wants to include such a test in their mobile application which aims to become a tool for researchers to use to gather data. The algorithm uses the mobile device’s camera to collect data from the user’s finger and uses that data to calculate the heart rate. The algorithm was first tested with data collected during the development and the results has an average error of less than 5% and a standard deviation of less than 3%. Two participants between the age of 20-25 performed three sets each of the Queens College Step Test and the results showed that the algorithm was accurate in its estimation of the heart rate after the test. / Genom att utföra ett test av ens fysiska prestanda kan man utvärdera ens hälsostatus och upptäcka indikationer på avvikelser i kroppen. Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en mobilbaserad algoritm som kan beräkna och uppskatta ens puls när man utför the Queens College Step Test på begäran av Mobistudy. Mobistudy vill inkludera detta test i deras mobilapplikation som fokuserar på att kunna användas som ett verktyg inom forskning för att samla in data. Algoritmen använder sig av mobilens kamera för att samla in data från användarens finger och använder den insamlade data för att beräkna pulsen. Algoritmen testades först gentemot data som samlades in vid utvecklingsstadiet och resultatet visade på att genomsnittliga felet var under 5% samt att standardavvikelsen var under 3%. Två deltagare mellan åldern 20 och 25 utförde tre tester var utav the Queens College Step Test och resultatet visade att algoritmen var tillräckligt noggrann i sin uppskattning av pulsen efter ett utfört test.

Statutory licenses with reference to the broadcasting of sports events This thesis is focused on the topic of statutory licenses with reference to the broadcasting of sports events. As mentioned right at the beginning of the thesis, the statutory licenses belong together with the free use and compulsory licenses to the extra-contractual institutes. They enable any third person, while meeting statutory requirements, the use of a copyright work or a subject-matter of related rights without a consent of the rightholder. The main reason why they were introduced into the international, European and national legal systems, was especially the endeavour to achieve a fair balance of rights and interests between different categories of rightholders and users of protected subject-matters. The crucial document on the European level in the field of treatment of exceptions and limitations to the rights is the Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society which provides a comprehensive list of one mandatory and twenty facultative exceptions and limitations, as well as the so-called three-step test. This Directive is closely discussed throughout the whole thesis. Nevertheless, the...

1 H. Summary The Users' Rights in the Information Society Dissertation thesis "The Users' Rights in the Information Society" focuses on the copyright exceptions and limitations (hereinafter referred to as copyright limitations) as an area which, in addition to the licensed use, affects users of copyrighted works in the most direct way. The term "users" is understood in the concept of this work, in accordance with foreign and Czech scientific literature, in a broad sense, covering also consumers of copyrighted works or users of digital content on the Internet. In the context of copyright limitations users are allowed to use copyrighted works on a non-contractual basis, without the consent of the author, either for free or in the form of a paid statutory license. Copyright limitations include a wide range of uses reaching from the quotations through the use for a private purpose to the so-called news reporting and governmental statutory limitations. The concept of users' rights (despite - as seen from a certain angle - its actual existence) has not been so far defined in the legal literature in a consistent manner. However it attracts an exceptional academic attention for its conceptual and strategic importance. The concept of users' rights represents - rather than a framework of real subjective rights - a...

Activity and fitness levels decline through the years from 30 to 60 years of age. Minimal research is available regarding functional assessment tools in this population. Reliable functional tools are needed to reintroduce individuals to appropriate physical activity levels following an injury and to maintain high levels of participation through their lifespan. The purposes of this study were multiple: 1) determine if three functional tests correspond with neuromotor fitness levels, 2) establish a model of functional tests, activity levels and descriptive data that distinguishes the most from the least fit, 3) describe expected mean functional test performances, and 4) demonstrate the reliability of the three functional tests in a sample of 30-60 year olds. 63 females and 38 males completed activity surveys, a neuromotor fitness test, the star excursion balance test (SEBT), the four square step test (FSST), and the Biering-Sorensen test of trunk extensor muscle endurance. Moderate to high reliability of the functional tests was determined with 29 subjects. The SEBT (r=.97), FSST (r=.88) and the Biering-Sorensen test (r=.64) were reliable. All functional tests were able to distinguish between the most fit and least fit with regards to the fitness tests. A model of the body mass index and the FSST predicted 25% of the variance in fitness level. Functional test means are reported by 10-year age groups and represent expected performance values.Health care professionals can use this information to compare their patients to this group of healthy individuals. This will allow them to have some idea of how well a person with an injury is performing relative to a healthy individual. Additionally the combination of a persons BMI plus their FSST gives the health care professional some information about an individual level of neuromuscular fitness so that the health care professional can guide their patients toward an appropriate level of physical activity after their injury or illness.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet var att undersöka reliabiliteten i Pansolds step-testprotokoll i simning. Följandefrågeställningar har använts i denna uppsats: Håller Pansolds step-testprotokoll hög reliabilitet gällande erhållen laktattröskel? Håller Pansolds step-testprotokoll hög reliabilitet gällande uppmätt simtid? Skiljer sig den digitala- och analoga mätningen av hjärtfrekvensen? Hur väl kan simmare kontrollera sin hastighet utifrån uppsatta måltider? Metod Försökspersonerna var åtta till antalet, fyra män och fyra kvinnor i åldern 19,8 ± 3,6 år och innehavande av minst 650 FINA-poäng. Pansolds step-testprotokoll genomfördes i form av ett test-retest med 48 timmars mellanrum. Vid genomförandet av testet utfördes laktat- och hjärtfrekvensmätningar samt tidtagning av försökspersonerna. Variationen för laktattröskeln mellan de två testtillfällena analyserades för att undersöka testets reliabilitet. Försökspersonernas förmåga att kontrollera sin hastighet utifrån uppsatta måltider granskades. Hjärtfrekvensen mättes digitalt med Freelap Pro Coach samt analogt under tio sekunder för att undersöka om de två mätmetoderna genererade olika resultat. Resultat Det är en relativt stor differens i antal hjärtslag/minut mellan en analog och digital mätning av hjärtfrekvens då differensen låg på 8.86 slag. Av de sex försökspersoner som genomförde hela studien förbättrade fem sin förmåga att kontrollera sin hastighet utifrån uppsatta måltider. Alla försökspersoner uppvisade en variation i uppmätt laktattröskel mellan de två testen, med en beräknad variationskoefficient på 14.7%. Försökspersonernas CV% för tiden och uppsatta måltider var 4.0% vid test 1 och 3.3% vid test 2. Slutsats Pansolds step-testprotokoll bör standardiseras ytterligare då en god standardisering ökar möjligheten för reliabla testresultat. Vid utförandet av step-tester rekommenderas en digital mätning av hjärtfrekvensen eftersom att denna tros vara mest tillförlitlig. Reliabla resultat kan erhållas vid genomförandet av Pansolds step-testprotokoll. Testet ställer dock stora krav på simmares förmåga att kontrollera sin hastighet då detta tycks spela en avgörande roll i hur vida en reliabel laktattröskel kan uppmätas.

Context: Increased physical activity participation and fitness are cardioprotective. The EUROACTION trial demonstrated that a preventive cardiology programme significantly increased self-reported physical activity participation (Wood et al., 2008). Objective: The EUROACTION Physical Activity and Fitness (EPAF) Study aimed to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of the EUROACTION physical activity and exercise intervention at increasing physical activity participation and fitness in people with coronary artery disease (COR) and those at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (HRI) compared to standard care. Study design: A nested study within a paired cluster randomised controlled trial in eight European countries. Methodology: 12 pairs of centres (12 hospitals and 12 general practices) were randomised to receive the EUROACTION programme (INT) or be monitored for usual care (UC). In the INT hospitals, COR patients participated in a 16-week supervised exercise programme and a home-based activity intervention, delivered by a physiotherapist. In INT general practice nurses were trained to deliver personalised physical activity advice to HRI. Outcome measures: Objective physical activity participation was measured by mean number of steps per day (Yamax Digiwalker SW200 pedometer). Fitness was determined by the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) [hospital centres] and Chester Step Test (CST) [general practice centres]). Results: The mean number of steps in COR patients at 1–year was significantly higher in INT (+2310 steps, 95% CI +1226 to +3394 steps; P=0.003). The difference in cardiorespiratory fitness (ISWT) exceeded the minimal clinically important difference but was not statistically significant (+54 metres [95% CI - 102.8 to +211.0 metres]; P=0.42). In general practice centres, whilst no significant differences were found at 1 year in mean steps per day (+982 steps, 95% CI -569 to +2533 steps) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CST) at 1-year (+0.93 minutes, 95% CI -0.62 to +2.48 minutes), there was a difference in the change over time in fitness in favour of the INT (+0.94 mins [95% CI +0.23 to +1.66 mins]; P=0.02). Marked heterogeneity impacted on statistical power. All differences observed represented clinically important differences. Conclusion: The EPAF-Study has demonstrated that the EUROACTION programme was effective at increasing physical activity participation but objective measures indicate to a lesser degree than the self-reported physical activity outcomes previously published. Clinically important differences in objectively measured physical activity participation and cardiorespiratory fitness suggest further research, which is sufficiently powered, is warranted.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2256.pdf: 1491649 bytes, checksum: a3f425eb8f3cdfa250edc376c6874717 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Data collected allowed the development of two studies, their objects are: Study I compare the physical performance, cardiovascular and respiratory responses, and the sensation of dyspnea (BorgDyspnea) and fatigue and pain in the lower limbs (BorgLL) between asthmatic and healthy adolescents in the six minute walking test (6MWT) and six minute step test (6MST); and determine the influence of body mass index (BMI), physical activity level (PAL) and spirometric variables in physical performance and responses obtained in the tests. Study II verify whether in 6MST there is a correlation between quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with asthma and the following variables: physical performance, cardiorespiratory responses, BorgDyspnea, BorgLL, spirometric responses. Also, whether there is a correlation between QOL and the PAL of these individuals. For this, 19 adolescents with asthma (AG) and 19 healthy (HG), aged between 11-15 years, both sexes, were assessed by spirometry, by 6MWT and by 6MST, and their PAL were quantified by International Physical Activity Questionnairy (IPAQ). The asthmatics answered the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). In the Study I, in the 6MST, lower performance (6MST-T), lower heart rate (HR) and higher BorgLL were observed in AG. In the 6MWT, the walking distance (WD) was positively correlated with PAL, and HR with BMI in the AG; and in the HG, the HR and respiratory rate (RR) were positively correlated with WD. In the 6MST, in the AG, HR and RR were positively correlated with spirometric variables, and the PAL with 6MST-T. The 6MST-T was negatively correlated with BMI, and BorgDyspnea with PAL. In the HG, the HR and RR were positively correlated with spirometric variables; and the BMI with BorgLL. In Study II, negative correlations were obtained between BorgDypnea and total score of the questionnaire (PAQLQ-T); and BorgDyspnea and BorgLL with symptoms domain (St) and limitation in activities domain (LA). They were observed positive correlations between PAL and PAQLQ-T, LA and St. In the regression analysis, for PAQLQ-T and LA just BorgDyspnea was significantly in predicted them; and for St just BorgLL. Concluded that the 6MST was capable to detect the limitations of adolescents with asthma in activities of moderate intensity, because the AG showed lower physical performance and higher BorgLL in relation to HG. The spirometric variables, the BMI and the PAL influenced the responses obtained in the tests. Also, the higher PAL and lower BorgDyspnea and BorgLL in 6MST better quality of life. The 6MST has to be an option for evaluating exercise capacity in these asthamatics, because it reflects the discomfort caused by asthma, due to their symptoms, in the practice of physical activities of daily living. / Os dados coletados possibilitaram a elaboração de dois estudos, cujos objetivos foram: Estudo I - comparar o desempenho físico, as respostas cardiovasculares, respiratórias e a sensação de dispnéia (BorgDispnéia) e o cansaço e dor nos membros inferiores (BorgMMII) entre asmáticos e saudáveis no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e do degrau (TD6); além de determinar a influência do índice de massa corpórea (IMC), nível de atividade física (NAF) e variáveis espirométricas no desempenho físico e nas respostas obtidas nos testes. Estudo II verificar se no TD6 há correlação das variáveis desempenho físico, respostas cardiorrespiratórias, BorgDispnéia, BorgMMII, respostas espirométricas pós teste com a qualidade de vida (QV) de adolescentes asmáticos; e verificar se há correlação da QV com o NAF. Para isso, foram avaliados 19 adolescentes asmáticos (GA) e 19 saudáveis (GS), com idade entre 11-15 anos, de ambos os sexos, por meio da espirometria, do TC6 e do TD6, e quantificado o NAF pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ); e os asmáticos responderam ao Questionário sobre a Qualidade de Vida na Asma Pediátrica (QQVAP). No Estudo I, observou-se no TD6 menores valores de desempenho físico (TD6-T) e frequência cardíaca (FC), e maiores valores do BorgMMII no GA. No TC6 houve correlação positiva no GA da distância percorrida (DP) com NAF, e da FC com o IMC; e no GS da DP com a FC e com a frequência respiratória (FR). No TD6 houve correlação positiva no GA das variáveis espirométricas com a FC e a FR; e do NAF com TD6-T; além de correlação negativa do TD6-T com o IMC e do BorgDispnéia com NAF; e no GS correlações positivas das variáveis espirométricas com FC e FR; e do BorgMMII com IMC. No Estudo II, houve correlações negativas entre BorgDispnéia e a pontuação total do questionário (QQVAP-T); e do BorgDispnéia e BorgMMII com os domínios sintomas (St) e limitação nas atividades (LA); e correlações positivas do NAF com QQVAP-T, LA e com St. Na análise de regressão, para o QQVAP-T e para o LA somente o BorgDispnéia foi significativo em predizê-los; e para o St somente o BorgMMII. Conclui-se que o TD6 detectou as limitações dos adolescentes asmáticos em atividades de intensidade moderada, visto que, apresentaram menor TD6-T e maior BorgMMII em relação aos saudáveis; e que as variáveis espirométricas, o IMC e o NAF influenciaram nas respostas obtidas nos testes. Além disso, quanto maior o NAF e menor o BorgDispnéia e o BorgMMII no TD6 melhor a qualidade de vida; sendo o TD6 uma opção na avaliação da capacidade ao exercício dos asmáticos por refletir o incomodo que asma provoca, devido aos seus sintomas, na prática das atividades físicas da vida diária.