Recently, some in the anti-abortion movement have begun to assert that abortion harms women and access to abortion should be restricted or prohibited to protect women’s rights. This paper suggests that woman-protective anti-abortion (“WPA”) arguments could become more recognizable in Canada if other kinds of woman-protective legislation are adopted. In particular, this paper focuses on private member’s Bill C-510, an Act to Prevent Coercion of Pregnant Women to Abort (Roxanne’s Law). This paper suggests that Bill C-510 is problematic because its differential treatment of women reinforces historical stereotypes of motherhood and female vulnerability, the same stereotypes upon which the WPA relies. By reinforcing these same stereotypes, Bill C- 510 creates a climate in which WPA restrictions on access to abortion appear more reasonable. The paper concludes by suggesting that the existing aggravated circumstances sentencing sections in the Criminal Code already provide judges with discretionary powers to deal with offences like coerced abortion.

Recently, some in the anti-abortion movement have begun to assert that abortion harms women and access to abortion should be restricted or prohibited to protect women’s rights. This paper suggests that woman-protective anti-abortion (“WPA”) arguments could become more recognizable in Canada if other kinds of woman-protective legislation are adopted. In particular, this paper focuses on private member’s Bill C-510, an Act to Prevent Coercion of Pregnant Women to Abort (Roxanne’s Law). This paper suggests that Bill C-510 is problematic because its differential treatment of women reinforces historical stereotypes of motherhood and female vulnerability, the same stereotypes upon which the WPA relies. By reinforcing these same stereotypes, Bill C- 510 creates a climate in which WPA restrictions on access to abortion appear more reasonable. The paper concludes by suggesting that the existing aggravated circumstances sentencing sections in the Criminal Code already provide judges with discretionary powers to deal with offences like coerced abortion.

<p>Extensive evidence demonstrates how mental illness symptomatology can inhibit perceptions of and actual performance on important tasks. However, receiving treatment from the medical establishment for such symptomatology requires diagnosis, whereby the patient becomes labeled and subject to the stereotypes connected to that label. Mental illness labeling is associated with a variety of negative outcomes including inhibited access to unemployment, housing, health insurance, and marriage and parenthood opportunities and can disrupt interpersonal relationships. However, the repercussions of mental illness labeling for one area of life have remained largely overlooked; that area is task performance. Adults spend a substantial portion of their lives at work engaged in group-based or individual level tasks. This dissertation explores external perceptions of mental illness in task groups and the role of self-internalization of stereotypes about mental illness in individual task performance through two experimental studies. </p><p> Previous research has revealed that, on average, task partners with a mental illness are stigmatized and subject to diminished status when they are identified to participants as having been hospitalized for general psychological problems for an extended period of time. Study 1 of this dissertation explores the stigma- and status-based attributions triggered by engaging with a partner in a mutual task who is identified as having a specific mental illness label: none, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or schizophrenia. </p><p> Additionally, research has revealed that members of a group about which negative stereotypes exist may face a situational threat in a domain relevant task--stereotype threat. Race, gender, social class, age, and a variety of other sociodemographic attributes can trigger stereotype threat. However, little research has considered the potential for stereotype threat to emerge on the basis of mental illness labeling. Study 2 of this dissertation focusing on individual-level performance, exploring the potential for ADHD to trigger stereotype threat in test-taking situations.</p><p> Results from Study 1 suggest that the specific mental illness labels studied, presented devoid of symptomatology severity, do not trigger stigmatized attributions but may trigger some negative status attributions in the case of a task relevant diagnosis. (ADHD). Study 2 suggests that a task relevant diagnosis may also trigger stereotype threat in a test-taking situation, negatively impacting performance. Taken together, the results indicate that task relevance of one's mental illness label may be a driving factor in negative external and internal perceptions of mental illness.</p> / Dissertation

Darbo tikslas – ištirti užsieniečių, studijuojančių Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete, įvaizdį lietuvių studentų akimis. Darbe tirsime VPU akademinio jaunimo požiūrį bei susiformavusius stereotipus atvykstančių studijuoti į Lietuvą užsieniečių atžvilgiu. Tyrimo hipotezės 1. VPU studentai turi mažai informacijos apie jų aukštojoje mokykloje studijuojančius užsieniečius bei mažai su jais bendrauja. 2. VPU studentai labiau teigiamus etninių savybių stereotipus yra susikūrę tų tautų atžvilgiu, su kuriomis yra mažiausias kultūrinis distancionalumas. Ir priešingai – labiau neigiamus stereotipus yra susikūrę tų tautų atžvilgiu, su kuriomis yra didžiausias kultūrinis distancionalumas. 3. Pagrindiniai veiksniai, formuojantys studentų vienokius ar kitokius stereotipus skirtingų tautų ir kultūrų atstovų atžvilgiu yra netiesioginiai (t.y. žiniasklaida, visuomenėje paplitę stereotipai). Darbo metodai: dokumentų analizė, anketinė apklausa Tyrimo koncepcija Teorinis šio magistro darbo modelis paremtas koncepcijomis, susijusiomis su stereotipų formavimusi tarpkultūrinėje komunikacijoje. Socialinio tikrovės konstravimo požiūriu (P. Berger, Th. Luckmann) kasdiename gyvenime glūdi tipizacijos schemos, kurios padeda suprasti kitus ir su jais „turėti reikalų“ akistatos situacijoje. Tai verčia manyti, jog egzistuoja savybės (teigiamos ir neigiamos), kurios itin būdingos tam tikros tautos (kultūros) atstovams. Tų savybių „rinkiniai“, kurie ilgainiui susiformuoja visuomenės sąmonėje, sudaro... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective of the Thesis is to analyse the image of foreigners studying in Vilnius Pedagogical University in the eyes of Lithuanian students. The work will encompass a survey of VPU’s academic youth and stereotypes prevailing with regard to foreigners who come to study in Lithuania. Hypotheses of the Thesis 1. Students of VPU have little information on foreigners studying in their higher school and hardly socialize with them. 2. Key factors determining formation of certain stereotypes of representatives of different nations and cultures among students are indirect ones (mass media, stereotypes prevailing in the society). 3. Students of VPU have developed more positive stereotypes with regard to the nations of the least cultural distance; and on the contrary –more negative stereotypes with regard to the nations of the highest cultural distance Methods of the Research: analysis of documents, questionnaire interview. Concept of the Research Theoretical model of the present master thesis is based on concepts related to formation of stereotypes in multicultural communication. From the construction of social reality point of view (P. Berger, Th. Luckmann), schemes of typisation lie in everyday life, which help us understand others and “deal with them” in the confrontation situation. This makes us think that certain qualities (both positive and negative) characteristic to representatives of a certain nation (culture) exist. “Sets” of such qualities that over time establish in the... [to full text]

Televizija yra viena iš socializacijos priemonių, kurią žiūrima tam, kad sužinoti svarbią informaciją arba norint gerai praleisti laiką. Be to, televizija suteikia ir savotišką pasitenkinimo jausmą, kai kiekvienas žiūrintysis turi galimybę tapatintis su vaizduojamų personažų herojais, kuriuose gali identifikuoti save. Per paskutinius metus, Lietuvoje išleidžiama po kelis lietuviškus serialus, kurie susilaukia teigiamo žiūrovų įvertinimo (TNS Gallup duomenimis serialas „Moterys meluoja geriau patenka į populiariausių laidų penketuką). Nenuostabu, kad žiūrovas renkasi lietuvišką muilo operos variantą, kuriame išvysta priimtinus kultūrinius modelius, artimus vyriškumo ir moteriškumo modelius su kuriais gali tapatintis ir atrasti dalelę savęs. Todėl šiame darbe siekta išanalizuoti ir pateikti moteriškumo reprezentacijų sampratų įvairovę serialuose „Emilija“ ir „Moterys meluoja geriau“. Pirmojoje literatūros analizės dalyje aptariama feministinio moteriškumo samprata, išskiriami pagrindiniai radikaliojo, liberaliojo, socialistinio ir psichoanalitinio feminizmo autorių požiūriai. Antrojoje darbo dalyje išskiriama psichoanalizės įtaka feministiniuose tyrimuose, pristatoma vizualinio malonumo svarba kine, aptariami feministinio įgalinimo būdai žiniasklaidoje. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje pristatomos moterų reprezentacijų problematikos, pristatomi moterų ir muilo operų žiūrėjimo ypatumai, nagrinėjami moterų stereotipų vaidmuo žiniasklaidoje ir feministinėje literatūroje. Tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Television is one of the agent tools that are playing socialization role. People are watching TV in order to receive relevant information or to spend a leisure time. Therefore, television provides particular delectation; in the meantime, everyone has opportunity to identify themselves in pictorial characters. In the recent years, screens are showing several new Lithuanian soap operas, and it has congenial viewer’s assessment (TNS Gallup records that serial “Moterys meluoja geriau” is one of the popular watching program and rating between five best programs). No, wonder why people are choosing to watch Lithuanian soap operas versions, where they can find acceptable cultural models, familiar masculinity and femininity patterns in which they can identify an element of themselves. This research seeks to analyze and to propose diversions of women femininity concepts in the serials “Emilija” and “Moterys meluoja geriau”. The first theoretical part of this work is discussing about feministic femininity concepts, excluding radical, liberal, socialistic and psychoanalytic essential scholarship approaches. The second part is about psychoanalytic viewpoint influence in feministic studies, including visual pleasure significance and feministic empowerment in the media. The third part of this research is representing women’s agency proposition, analyzes women and soap opera’s particularity and examines women’s stereotypes in the media and feministic theory. The research results has... [to full text]

Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, nes nepaisant priimtų politinių sprendimų ir teisinių dokumentų, deklaruojančių socialinę integraciją, dalyvavimą ir lygiavertiškumą kaip vienus iš prioritetų negalės srityje, visuomenėje vis dar egzistuoja psichosocialinės kliūtys, stereotipais ir vaizdiniais pagrįstas neįgalių asmenų suvokimas, vertinimas ir traktavimas dėl kurių jų įsitraukimas į visuomeninį gyvenimą yra vis dar problematiškas. Išsiaiškinus, kad socialiniai negalės vaizdiniai ir stereotipai Lietuvoje, o ypač žiniasklaidoje nebuvo plačiai tyrinėti, todėl tyrimo tikslas buvo atskleisti kokie negalės vaizdiniai ir stereotipai pateikiami didžiausiuose Lietuvos dienraščiuose. Tyrimo tikslui įgyvendinti iškelti 3 uždaviniai: surinkti straipsnius apie negalę keturiuose didžiausiuose Lietuvos dienraščiuose; atlikti kiekybinę ir kokybinę surinktų straipsnių turinio analizę; atskleisti esmines negalės vaizdavimo dienraščiuose charakteristikas. Tiriamojoje darbo dalyje, tyrimo įgyvendinimui pasirinktas kokybinis tyrimo tipas – spaudos leidinių analizė, kurios metu gauti duomenys buvo išanalizuoti taikant kiekybinę ir kokybinę turinio analizę. Negalės vaizdinių ir stereotipų spaudoje analizei buvo pasirinktas 2009 m. sausio mėn. – 2010 m. gegužės mėn. laikotarpis, kurio metu buvo peržiūrėti 4 didžiausi šalies dienraščiai (Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos žinios, Vakaro žinios ir Respublika), kuriose buvo rasti ir išanalizuoti 136 straipsniai apie... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject-matter of the social work master‘s thesis is relevant to the present day, because despite enacted political determinations and legal documents, declaring social integration, participation and parity as one of the main priorities in disability policy, there still are some psychosocial barriers, stereotypes and images based disabled understanding, evaluation and treatment in society, regarding to what social involvement of disabled people is still problematic. After the data examination showed that social images and stereotypes in Lithuanian media were researched only briefly, that raised the aim of the master’s thesis to reveal what kind of images and stereotypes are presented in biggest Lithuanian newspapers. There were three major tasks to reach the goal: gather articles about disability in four biggest Lithuanian newspapers; perform quantitative and qualitative content analysis of gathered articles; reveal the main characteristics of disability representation in media. The research part of the thesis was based on qualitative research type – media analysis, gathered data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Research of disability images and stereotypes was accomplished in 2009 January – 2010 May period, during this time four biggest Lithuanian newspapers (Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos žinios, Vakaro žinios, Respublika) were reviewed and provided 136 articles about disability for further analysis. ... [to full text]

Darbo objektas: moterų sportininkių įvaizdis ir stereotipas reklamoje. Darbo tikslas: išsiaiškinti, studentų požiūrį į reklamas, kuriose yra naudojamas moters kaip sportininkės įvaizdis. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti reklamos ir įvaizdžio sampratas 2. Apžvelgti moters vaizdavimo stereotipo ir įvaizdžio santykį 3. Ištirti Lietuvos sporto universiteto studentų požiūrį į reklamas, kuriose vaizduojama moteris sportininkė Darbo metodai: • Mokslinės literatūros analizė, kurios metu analizuojama bei susisteminama medžiaga susijusi su moterų įvaizdžiu ir stereotipu reklamoje. • Anketinė apklausa, turizmo ir sporto vadybos studijų programos nuolatinių studijų 4 kurso studentų, siekiant išsiaiškinti požiūrį į reklamose pastebimą moters įvaizdį ir stereotipą. • Aprašomoji matematinė analizė. Rezultatai: Remiantis atliktu tyrimu, paaiškėjo, kad dažniausiai reklamoje vaizduojama moteris yra jauna (18-30 m.). Pastebimiausi moters sportininkės įvaizdžiai reklamoje – stipri, atkakli, nepažeidžiama, seksuali, graži, tobulų kūno linijų, stilinga moteris. Tačiau moters kaip sportininkės įvaizdis nebuvo dažniausiai vaizduojamas, lyginant su kitais moters įvaizdžiais. Rezultatai parodė, kad moters sportininkės vaizdavimas reklamoje, turi įtakos formuojant moters stereotipą visuomenėje. Daugiausia reklamoje pastebimi stereotipai - seksualios, puoselėjančios savo grožį moters. / Research subject: female athlete image and stereotype in advertising Research objective: to find out students towards advertising, in which is used female athlete image and stereotype. Research goals: 1. Discuss the advertising and image conception. 2. Review the relation between female stereotype and image 3. To find out students attitude, towards advertising in which is used female athlete image. Research methods: • An analysis of the scientific literature, which analyzed and organised material related to women's image and stereotype in advertising. • A questionnaire-based survey tourism and sports management graduate programs of study for students, standing 4 course in order to find out the attitude towards advertisements noticeable in woman's image and stereotype. • Mathematical descriptive analysis. Results: According to the study, it appeared that most advertising portrayed the woman as young (18-30). The most observed female athlete image in advertising are strong, persistent, invulnerable, beddable, beautiful, perfect body lines, stylish woman. However, a female athlete image has not been commonly depicted, as compared to the other woman image. The results showed that female athlete portrayal in advertising, have an impact on the shaping of the female stereotype in society. Most observed stereotypes in advertising are beddable, upholds its beauty woman.

My essay is about me and my colleagues who have come to realize that maybe we are stuck in old habits when it comes to preschool indoor environment from a gender perspective. The insight has enabled us now face the challenge of how to deal with and move forward with gender issues and the indoor environment. The reviews between us educators differ greatly, making it difficult start of a process of change, or development, of previous work in the preschool. The difficulties of working with gender in preschool is that we do not know how teachers influence or shape the children. We educators controls many times the children, both consciously and unconsciously and sometimes benevolence tend to instead become a takeover. We also want to develop a norm-critical approach to preschool. The dilemma is how it should be done in a natural way as the children in our preschool has homogeneous family situation and we educators do not have enough experience on standard critical perspective. The purpose of my essay is that based on my experience, discuss the pros and cons of striving for a gender-neutral indoor environment. That will I do by highlighting and portray my experiences from when we started the nursery in 2001 and until today in 2013, to gain perspective on the indoor environment. With the help of my own and theoretical reflections, I will look at how working has changed in our workplace, but that we noticed or been aware of it. I want to make impact in how the discussion of gender in preschool has changed over the years. I also want to problematize what is a good or less good indoor environment for children in preschool through a pedagogical approach to the standard critical perspective. Something I want to mention is difficulties that educators face in working with a gender-inspired preschool. My reflective along with my preconceptions, I have lead me to approach the dilemmas that gender norms create in my daily task at the preschool. Through my encounters with colleagues, parents and children. I have reflected on the events that occurred during these meetings. My own reflections and thoughts have provided the basis for this investigation. I have been using a variety of theoretical perspectives to sort my reflections and thoughts. The theories I have used are for example the current curriculum for the Swedish preschool (Lpfö 98/10), as we as literature by Elisabeth Nordin-Hultman and Klara Dolk. My research question is formed with thoughts on how I, along with my work colleagues can create more awareness of the preschool indoor environment from a gender perspective, to develop a gender neutral environment in our preschool. Some obstacles to get further arise from colleagues we have shared opinions about what is good practice. The standard critical perspective is something we are interested in and started to explore, but there have also been new problems to work on. Who and what those difficulties might be and consist of, is something that I raise in my essay. My conclusion is that by letting the kids get more involved in preschool indoor environment from a gender perspective, a common change happen. / Min essä handlar om mig och mina kollegor som har kommit till insikt om att vi kanske har fastnat i gamla vanor när det gäller förskolans inomhusmiljö ur ett genusperspektiv. Insikten har gjort att vi nu står inför en utmaning om hur vi ska hantera och komma vidare med genusfrågor och med inomhusmiljön. Åsikterna mellan oss pedagoger går isär, vilket försvårar igångsättningen av ett förändringsarbete, eller utveckling, av det tidigare arbetet på förskolan. Svårigheterna med att arbeta med genus i förskolan är att vi inte vet hur vi pedagoger påverkar eller formar barnen. Vi pedagoger styr många gånger barnen, både medvetet och omedvetet, och ibland kan välviljan tendera att istället blir ett maktövertagande. Vi vill även utveckla ett normkritiskt arbetssätt på förskolan. Dilemmat är hur det ska ske på ett naturligt sätt när barnen på vår förskola har homogena familjeförhållanden och vi pedagoger inte har tillräckligt med erfarenhet om normkritiska perspektiv. Syftet med min essä är att utifrån mina erfarenheter diskutera för- och nackdelar med att sträva efter en könsneutral inomhusmiljö. Det kommer jag göra genom att lyfta fram och skildra mina erfarenheter från när vi startade upp förskolan år 2001 och fram till idag år 2013, för att få perspektiv på inomhusmiljön. Med hjälp av mina egna och teoretiska reflektioner kommer jag att se över hur arbetssättet har förändrats på vår arbetsplats, utan att vi märkt eller varit medvetna om det. Jag vill göra nedslag i hur diskussionen kring genus på förskolan har förändrats med åren. Jag vill också problematisera vad som är en bra eller mindre bra inomhusmiljö för barn på förskolan ur ett pedagogiskt synsätt när det gäller normkritiska perspektiv. Något jag vill ta upp är svårigheter som pedagoger möter i att arbeta med en genusinspirerad förskola. Min metod har varit reflekterande och tillsammans med min förförståelse har jag försökt närma mig de dilemman som genusnormer skapar. Genom mina möten med kollegor, föräldrar och barn vid förskolan, har jag utgått från och reflekterat kring de händelseförlopp som uppstått under dessa möten. Mina egna reflektioner och tankar har utgjort basen för undersökningen. Jag har med hjälp av olika teoretiska perspektiv, kunnat sortera mina reflektioner och tankar. De teorier jag har utgått från är till exempel läroplanen (Lpfö 98/10), samt litteratur av Elisabeth Nordin-Hultman och Klara Dolk. Min frågeställning handlar om hur jag tillsammans med mina arbetskollegor kan bli mer medvetna om förskolans inomhusmiljö ur ett genusperspektiv, för att utveckla genusarbetet i förskolans miljö. Vissa hinder för att komma vidare uppstår av att vi kollegor har delade åsikter om vad som är bra tillvägagångssätt. Det normkritiska perspektivet är något vi är intresserade av och har börjat utforska, men det har också kommit nya svårigheter att arbeta med. Vilka och vad dessa svårigheter kan vara och bestå i, är något som jag lyfter i min essä. Min slutsats är att genom att låta barnen bli mer delaktiga i förskolans inomhusmiljö ur ett genusperspektiv kan ett gemensamt förändringsarbete ske.

The current study examined the links and mechanisms associated with intergenerational cultural conflict, psychological distress, and the intergenerational differences in acculturation and model minority stereotype (MMS) endorsement for South Korean immigrants. Specifically, Korean American adolescents’ (ages 12-19, M = 15.3, SD = 1.71) and their mothers’ (N = 209 dyads) acculturation difference and MMS endorsement difference were measured and analyzed as predictors of intergenerational cultural conflict and psychological distress for adolescents. Furthermore, the study analyzed intergenerational cultural conflict as a mediator in the acculturation gap-distress and the MMS endorsement-distress paths. Results indicated that when mothers and their adolescents differed in their acculturation, they also differed in their endorsement of the MMS. Next, as expected, the adolescents who had mothers who were not as acculturated to the American culture, experienced more cultural conflict with their parents and, in turn, felt more psychological distress. Furthermore, the adolescents who had mothers who endorsed the MMS to a greater degree, experienced more cultural conflict with their parents and, in turn, felt more psychological distress.

A key aim of this study is to shed light on the representation of coloured women with reference to racial passing, using fictive characters depicted in Sarah Gertrude Millin’s (1924) God’s Stepchildren,Zoë Wicomb’s (2006) Playing in the Light, and Pat Stamatélos’s (2005) Kroes, as presented by these three racially distinct female South African authors.Since I propose that literature provides a link between a subjective history and the under-represented narratives from the margins, I use literature to reimagine these. I analyse the ways in which the authors present ‘hybrid’ identities within their characters in different ways, and provide an explanation and contextual basis for the exploration of the theme of ‘passing for and as white’ within South Africa’s complex history. I provide a sociological explanation of the act of racial passing in South Africa with reference to the United States by incorporating Nella Larsen’s (1929) Passing. Since the analyses will concentrate on coloured females within the texts, gendered identity and female sexuality and stereotypes will be the focus. I look at the act and agent of passing, the role of raced and gendered performance in giving meaning to social identities, and the way in which the female body is constructed in racial terms in order to confer identity. Tracing the historical origins of coloured identity and coloured female identity, I interrogate this colonial, post-colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid history by employing a feminist lens. A combination of postcolonial feminist discourse analysis, sociological inquiry and feminist narrative analysis are therefore the methods I use to achieve my research aims. / Magister Artium - MA