This thesis' main theme is successful principal leadership in secondary schools within the Swedish education system. Successful principal leadership is examined from three perspectives: What are the processes of a successful principal? Do the leadership processes relate to successful academic and social outcomes of schools? What are the prerequisites for successful principal leadership? The Frame Factor Model and the three concepts of prerequisites, processes and outcomes constitute an overarching framework. The prerequisites are categorized as internal prerequisites (the particular characteristics of individual principals) and external prerequisites operating within the Swedish educational environment. The successful principal processes are viewed as pedagogical leadership processes, on one hand as providing prerequisites for teaching and learning and, on the other hand as leading the core processes of teaching and learning. The definitions build on the empirical data, on the Swedish national curriculum and demands for pedagogical leadership, and on international findings on what successful principals do. The outcomes of successful principal leadership are here defined as the academic and the social outcomes of schools. The research undertaken is part of the research project 'Structure, Culture, Leadership - Prerequisites for Successful Schools?' The empirical data for this thesis are gathered in twenty-six Swedish secondary schools whereof five are regarded successful schools based on both academic and social outcomes. The findings, reported on in four articles, derive from interviews and questionnaires to principals and teachers. The principals in the main identify prerequisites of importance that are within their own realm of influence, such as themselves, teachers and school district level. They consider a limited area of responsibility and support from district level specialists as providing possibilities for their success. The principals accept the national governance of schools and principals via the national curriculum. The principals in the five successful schools however take a higher degree of responsibility for setting direction towards national goals, for processes inside schools and for school outcomes than do principals in less successful schools.They as pedagogical leaders attend to a higher degree both to providing prerequisites for teaching and learning and to leading the core processes of teaching and learning than do principals in less successful schools. In schools with a successful implementation of social goals, which shows as successful social outcomes, the principals, according to teachers, overall take responsibility for their national objectives and obligations to a higher degree than principals in schools with a less successful implementation of social goals. The implementation of social goals is of importance not only from an outcome perspective but also from a process perspective. It requires collaborative interpretation which can promote principal-staff professional relations and ultimately student learning. The identified overall differences between principals' leadership processes and processes in the twenty-six schools raise questions around consequences for equivalence in education. / Struktur, kultur, ledarskap- förutsättningar för framgångsrika skolor?

Real estate advertisement sale-agent (REASA) is the most characteristic in Taiwan real estate industry. REASA serves as a training platform for those who want to be a housing developer because its major business for housing developers is to provide services of market information, advertising strategies planning and marketing plan execution for housing developers. Under tactical intention, REASA management will arrange its resources efficiently to proactively transform its business into housing developers if the industry environment suits the conditions. After transformation, some REASAs succeeded but the others failed. The variation among those is worthy to be studied. This paper bases on REASAs¡¦ internal resources to explore the impact factors of REASA transforming into housing developer. This paper will go through 3 perspectives, namely business resources, core capability and competitive strategies to discuss what kind of business resources and core capability that REASA have and how those become competitive advantages. I will study 3 elements of business resources, core capability and competitive strategies that relied by REASA transforming into housing developer. After researching of 2 successfully transformed companies in Kaohsiung and interviewing 2 professionals, the conclusion is made as below, A. The core resources for REASA are: 1. Human resource; 2. Goodwill; 3. Organization resource. Moreover, invisible resource is more valuable than visible resource for REASA. B. The core resources for housing developer are: 1. Financial resource; 2. Land resource; 3. Human resource. The difference from REASA is that visible resource is more valuable than invisible resource for housing developer. C. Apart from operation management capability, the core capabilities for REASA are: 1. Research & Development; 2. Marketing; 3. Advertising executing. These 3 are the most important factors and comprehensive effect cannot be produced if one lacks. D. The core capabilities for housing developers are: 1. Management; 2. Research & Development; 3. Financial management; 4. Construction management. E. The core resources for transforming impact are: 1. Financial resource; 2. Relationship connection; 3. Human resource; 4. Economic resource. And the core capabilities for transforming impact are: 1. Operation management; 2. Research & Development; 3. Financial capability; 4. Human resource management. F. The correlation among core resources, core capabilities and competitive strategies are: Differential strategy is to emphasis more on Research & Development and Design capabilities; Low-cost strategy is to focus more on cost control and marketing capabilities; Focus strategy is to stress more on operational, Research & Development, Financial planning and Construction capabilities. Different resources and capabilities are utilized subject to different strategies in order to reach competitive advantages in the industry.

In recent years, Taiwan's rapid economic growth, people¡¦s living standard improves year by year thereupon. People pay attention to the issue of health consciousness, in addition, the advancement of medical technology makes the human lifespan extend. Gradually, population structure tends toward dvanced age, therefore the concepts of health care are in great demand. The pressure of busy daily life, lack of exercise and sleep, and always eat out, that causing assimilation of nutrition unbalanced, health foods have become a fast and convenient way of supplement in modern days. This also makes the demand of health foods increasing day by day. However, the channel of purchasing health foods can be many different types, which particular type of channel will the consumers choose to purchase health foods? This research focuses on the key successful factors of marketing health foods through the channel of radio station, choosing the radio stations and designated pharmacies in south region of Chiayi. Using SWOT analysis and Porter 5 force analysis, probing into the intricate relation among the host, supplier, distributor, and audience of these radio stations, we attempt to seek a more stable and permanent business model in this health food market that expanding and growing continuously, as well as in the environment with keen competition.

This essay is a study about school success for immigrant pupils whose ages are between 16 and 19 years when they arrive to Sweden. The purpose of this study is to examine pupils difficulties in the school and the faktors which affect their success in the school and even possibilities which they can be offered by the school. This research carried out at two upper secondary schools in the municipality of “Södertälje”. The method which I have used is a qualitative research method which depends on interviews. The results of the research shows pupils difficulties and the different faktors which influence their success in the school. My conclusions are that these pupils have many difficulties and to reach a successful schooling, the shcool have to give these pupils a variety of possibilities which builds with pupils self possibilities a foundation for a good and successful schooling. The research also shows that the both schools are not giving enough possibilities to these pupils. The education system in these schools doesn’t fits for multi – lingual pupils. The pupils in these schools are trying to adapt themselves to the education system.

In the United States, a growing disparity exists between the racial composition of teachers and the students they teach. In 2006, 43.1% of K–12 public school students were reported as non-White—in 1990, 32.4% (U.S. Department of Education, 2008). Teachers, however, are predominantly White, 83.3% (U.S. Department of Education, 2007a). Exacerbating this disparity, it has been noted that fewer African Americans are choosing education as a profession (see, e.g., Irvine, 1989; Ladson-Billings, 1994). This growing disparity motivates a crucial question: Can White teachers be successful with “other people’s children” (Delpit, 1995)? This study explores this question by examining the life histories of four White mathematics teachers who have experienced success with other people’s children, specifically, with African American children. The purpose of the study was to better understand what led each of the participants to teach African American children, and what factors may have led to her or his success as a White teacher of African American students. A qualitative, collective case study methodology (Stake, 1995) was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using an eclectic theoretical framework (Stinson, 2009) which included critical theory, critical race theory, and Whiteness studies. Analysis of the data revealed the participants incorporated into their own teaching many of the same characteristics of culturally relevant pedagogy identified by Ladson-Billings (1994). Nevertheless, three strategies were identified as being essential to the teachers’ success with African American students: (a) forming meaningful relationships with students, (b) engaging students in racial conversations, and (c) reflecting both individually and with colleagues. The findings suggest a need for “spaces” in which pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators can discuss and openly debate issues of race, and challenge racial hierarchies found in schools and society at large. The findings also suggest developing a sharp focus on multicultural anti-racist education in teacher preparation programs as well as incorporating it into professional development plans for in-service teachers. Moreover, the findings highlight a need for school districts to provide teachers with professional development in three “How to” areas: (a) build teacher–student relationships, (b) connect to the local community, and (c) develop as reflective practitioners.

2005 hade Sverige 600 000 ideellt arbetande idrottsledare. Trots detta stora antal idrottsledare upplever många idrottsföreningar att intresset för att vara ideell ledare har sjunkit de senaste åren. Tidigare forskning föreslår att nya ledare bäst rekryteras inom grupper av tidigare klubbmedlemmar eller genom föräldrarna till idrottsutövarna. Stöd till ledarna föreslås av flera forskare för att de ska fortsätta att trivas. Idrottsföreningarna är en pedagogisk arena och undersökningar visar att idrottande barndricker mindre alkohol samt att idrotten är en viktig mötesplats där barn fostras i demokrati och möten med andra människor. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att beskriva framgångsfaktorer för ideellt ledarskap inom föreningsidrotten i Gästrikland. En kvantitativ undersökning i form av webbenkäter har genomförts för att finna struktur i det data som insamlas. Undersökningen innefattar 230 ideella idrottsledare. Resultatet visar att stöd och visad uppskattning från föreningen är två framgångsfaktorer. En annan framgångsfaktor är att föreningarna bedriver uppsökande verksamhet mot framtida ledare.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka elevers användning av lösningsstrategier i subtraktion samt lärares och läromedlens framställning av dessa, för att kunna komma fram till hur en framgångsrik undervisning i subtraktion, med fokus på lösningsstrategier, kan se ut. Undersökningen genomfördes i tre klasser i åk 3. Metoder i studien var elevenkät, intervju med lärare och läromedelsgranskning. Data bearbetades med hjälp av en egenkonstruerad begreppsmodell utifrån olika lösningsstrategier. Resultatet visar på en större variation av lösningsstrategier i undervisningen än i elevernas uträkningar. Eleverna använder sig oftast av enbart en av lösningsstrategierna, så kallad ”talsortsvis beräkning”. Strategin leder till många fel i elevernas uträkningar. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how pupils use solution strategies for subtraction, and how those are presented by teachers and textbooks in order to find out how successful teaching in subtraction, with focus on solution strategies, might look. The study was carried out on three groups in the 3rd grade. The methods of this study consisted of a pupil survey, interviews with teachers and a review of textbooks. The data were processed using a self-constructed conceptual model based on different solution strategies. The results indicate a larger variation of solution strategies in the teaching than in the pupils´ calculations. The pupils typically use only one of the solution strategies, a so-called "number-splitting calculation". This strategy leads to many errors in the pupils' calculations.

To become successful in China is a challenge not every international company can cope with. The competition is cruel as everyone struggle for a larger piece of share. Some manage to find the “secret” formula, others simply are left behind. Still, the market is too big to be neglected and extremely unpredictable to be easily handled. Nokia has proved to be foreseeing and wise enough to not only enter that market, but also climb up the ladder of success and stay there for a decade. This work aims to give a clear and thorough picture of Nokia’s successful strategy in penetrating the Chinese market. It follows and explains the steps Nokia took back in the days in building strong brand awareness and thousands of loyal customers in the face of the Chinese consumer. Its purpose is not only to tell the story of success, but also to teach important lesson future investors and perhaps give a precious insight into the topic. The Chinese market needs to be studied and analyzed as well in order to build a better understanding for it. We need to find out how they feel, what they think and what factors influence their behavior and finally how to approach them. A series of different research methods like secondary data, personal and group interviews, and online survey will be used here. The approach in this study will be inductive, where specific theory will be developed based on research.

Abstract There have been few studies on brand extensions in a Pakistan context. In this thesis, we study brand extensions in Pakistan from viewpoint of Brand Managers as their analysis coupled with their personal preferences can provide interesting insights for forming a successful brand extension strategy. Since T. Gamble first published an article about brand extensions (1967) there has been a growing interest for the topic. With the passage of time the inbuilt benefits of brand extensions in terms of cost and higher success rates were captured by companies in developing countries like Pakistan. In this thesis, we make theoretical arguments for, and show empirically that growth may not be the ultimate objective for companies in Pakistan. Instead, companies are compelled to follow the bandwagon so as to match competitors. It has been indicated that small firms might be in a better position to take advantage of below-the-line promotions in comparison to larger firms. Cannibalization of sales due to brand extensions was described to be non-existent in Pakistan until a company embarks on e-commerce initiative. Successful brand extensions, as defined by the brand managers are measured in terms of independent sales and market share captured by a brand stretch. Based on how the brand managers in this study perceived brand extensions, it could be a feasible marketing strategy in Pakistan. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explore the use of brand extension strategies in the Pakistan context. We will try to achieve this purpose by answering the following questions. 1)      Why do companies in general and specially in Pakistan use brand extension?                                                                   2)      Do the general pros and cons of brand extension hold the same applicability in Pakistan? 3)      How brand managers in Pakistan describe a successful brand extension? Method A qualitative method was incorporated in order to achieve our exploratory purpose of the study. In total, we performed five interviews. Three extensive telephone interviews were carried out with brand managers representing three seasoned companies from the domain of healthcare (Z-Jans), retailing (Chen One) and dairy foods industries (Haleeb) for finding out brand managers viewpoint on brand extensions in Pakistan. These interviews were conducted via telephone and recorded for our thesis purposes. In addition, one of the authors visited Pakistan and conducted two face-to-face interviews with Lakson Group of Industries (media, fast food and consumer goods) and Servis Group which is operating in (Shoes, Pharmacies, Tires & Tube) businesses. Conclusion It is suggested that the concept of brand manager is in the rudimentary stages of development in Pakistan. One reason for this is that domestic companies are carrying out brand extensions under the heading of marketing managers compared with Multinationals (MNEs) whose brand extensions strategies are mostly prepared at their headquarters. It has also been indicated that small companies could benefit the most from brand extension in terms of attaining greater consumer trials, increased market share, and growth by competing in international markets as they can easily use a mixture of Below-the-line and Above-the-line promotions for their extensions. A good distribution channel coupled with a strong brand portfolio can facilitate success for brand extension as the companies can then negotiate with dealers and retailers from a position of strength. Due to the huge population in Pakistan companies might neglect the fact that their brand extensions can fail. Since, the population is very large it might be hard for small and medium sized companies to cover the whole country and to find out in reality if their brand extension was a success on a country wide basis.  It has also been concluded that majority of the consumers are photo-literate with no or very little formal education therefore they find difficult to assess brand extensions and to make educated brand buying decision in light of quality standards. The market as a whole is price sensitive (low prices) so brand extensions with good price and value for customer are more likely to perform well over Pakistan market.

Since 1939, Taiwan industry has started from the components processing to research and development of all kind of equipment. From purely labor work stepped into design of sophisticated equipment. But, still, we were late from the beginning, it makes us far behind to European country, the United States and Japan. Besides that, the domestic market is too small to afford us some heavy industrial world-class brands. As to Taiwan's industrial development, our Government played a very crucial role. We can learn the fruitful results of government¡¦s efforts in Technology development and key industries supporting. Nevertheless, it pays few attentions to the specialized Electro-hydraulic system market, such as to defense industrial application and heavy industrial application, which is relatively small. The reality is, though it is small market, it contributes big to national power. This industry been forgotten, its segmentation differs greatly from the popular industry, its product is most differentiation. The industry itself, varies always , it supposes to be a ¡§Blue Sea¡¨, yet it competes horribly as bloody ¡§Red Sea¡¨. Being in this area for 15 years, S company has to re-check their position, fore-see the obstacles in front to be well-prepared for the future. This study follow the essence of Evidence-based Management, use the theory and practice of learning history and action research, to conduct interviews, summarized and analyzed. Interviews did not follow the planning at the design, and some amendment had been made to the research arrangement. But, contribute organization to discuss which did not want to discuss, dared not discuss and cannot subject for discussion. Have them try to face which factors supposed uncontrollable, cannot control the, and find executable solutions. Those stakeholders, potential competitors and customers, we expect this study can remind them to have Evidence-based Management attitude, find out the truths, wiped off the rooted myth. This study found the key successful factors of specialized Electro-hydraulic system classified to internal and external one. To organization, internal factors can be controlled, and treated by mid- and/or short-term means, external factors can¡¦t be controlled, can only treated by long-term means. This study submits three major proposition to the individual role for reference. Proposition 1, The more customized production enterprises, the more conflict between standardization and differentiation, or so-called flexibility, need to compromise. Proposition 2: Find out why make competition less, is the main reason for it, your limit or your advantage. Proposition 3: Set vendors an Eligibility standards subject to protect all stakeholders, only that it is not easy