Syftet med studien var att undersöka projektledares upplevelse av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö när de arbetar i multiprojektmiljöer inom offentlig sektor. Projektledarnas psykosociala arbetsmiljö har undersökts utifrån upplevelsen av de krav som följer projektledarna när de hanterar parallella projekt, kontrollen de har över sitt arbete samt hur de upplever socialt stöd. För att konkretisera syftet har två frågeställningar formulerats: Hur upplever projektledare sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö när de arbetar med flera parallella projekt i multiprojektmiljöer inom offentlig sektor till följd av de krav som ställs? och Vilken betydelse har upplevd kontroll över arbetet och socialt stöd för projektledares välbefinnande när de hanterar flera parallella projekt, i en multiprojektmiljö inom offentlig sektor? För att besvara forskningsfrågorna och därmed adressera studiens syfte användes en kvalitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Teorin som ligger till grund för studien är Karasek och Theorells (1990) krav-kontroll- och stödmodell, en välanvänd teori som legat till grund för många undersökningar gällande just psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med projektledare alla verksamma inom offentlig sektor och i en roll där de hanterar flera parallella projekt. Intervjuerna analyserades sedan med hjälp av en tematisk analys och tre förutbestämda teman som skapades med utgångspunkt i krav-kontroll- och stödmodellen.  Studiens resultat visar att det finns många krav kopplat till att driva parallella projekt i en multiprojektmiljö inom offentlig sektor. Trots en stor mängd krav med av karaktär visar resultatet att samtliga projektledare har en positiv upplevelse av deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Projektledarna upplever också att kontrollen och det sociala stödet har en stor betydelse för deras välbefinnande. Det är till stor del baserat på deras upplevda autonomi och det stöd de känner i och med förtroendeingivande och tillitsfulla relationer med sina närmsta chefer. / The purpose of the study was to investigate project managers' experiences of their psychosocial work environment when working in multi-project environments within the public sector. The psychosocial work environment of project managers has been examined based on their experience of the demands they face when managing parallel projects, the control they have over their work, and their perception of social support. To concretize the purpose, two research questions were formulated: How do project managers experience their psychosocial work environment when working with multiple parallel projects in multi-project environments within the public sector as a result of the demands placed on them? and What significance does perceived control over work and social support have for project managers' well-being when managing multiple parallel projects in a multi-project environment within the public sector?  To answer the research questions and thus address the purpose of the study, a qualitative method with a deductive approach was used. The theory underlying the study is Karasek and Theorell's (1990) demand-control-support model, a well-established theory that has been the basis for many investigations into psychosocial work environments. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with project managers all working in the public sector and in a role where they manage multiple parallel projects. The interviews were then analyzed using thematic analysis and three predetermined themes were created based on the demand-control-support model. The results of the study show that there are many demands associated with managing parallel projects in a multi-project environment within the public sector. Despite a large number of demands with varying characteristics, the results indicate that all project managers have a positive experience of their psychosocial work environment. The project managers also consider that control and social support are of significant importance for their well-being. This is largely based on their perceived autonomy and the support they feel through trusting and supportive relationships with their immediate supervisors.

This report was about employer branding focusing on health promotion and a good psychosocial work environment at company A. The company and the company’s participants from the interviews are anonymous. The purpose in this report was to see how employees and HR managers at company A perceive the psychosocial work environment, the most important strategies for health promotion and the psychosocial work environment and lastly if there were any solutions to possible challenges? The material came from interviews by employees and HR in other words it was qualitative research. The material resulted in common themes of self-leadership, areas of development, organizational culture,benefits, and network of colleagues. In conclusion all employees thrive and are perceived to be in good health at company A due to good health benefits even if the tempo can be high sometimes. There were some areas that needed improvement such as: increased support from managers to employees, employees wanting to be more involved in decisions, access to further development, and the consequences of working too much from home and self-leadership resulting in decreasing social support, knowledge sharing and as well company culture.

Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Research indicates that the success of inclusive education lies within the provision of adequate support for learners who experience barriers to learning in mainstream schools as well as in the changing roles of teachers and support services staff. In South Africa, the provincial Western Cape Education Department (WCED) responded to the implementation of inclusive education by introducing a learning support model that was designed to systemically deal with barriers to learning in some primary schools in the province. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning support model that was introduced in some primary schools in the Western Cape with specific reference to schools within the West Coast/Winelands district. The evaluation was located in a comprehensive mixed methods research design, which focused on the evaluation of both process and outcomes of the learning support model. The evaluation was done sequentially in three phases: Phase one consisted of a comprehensive literature review. Phase two focused on both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis (through questionnaires containing both closed- and open-ended questions). The focus in Phase three was on follow up semi-structured focus group interviews. The participants were drawn from all primary schools situated within the boundaries of the West Coast/Winelands district and where the services of a learning support teacher (full-time or itinerant) were available. While learning support teachers were selected through purposive sampling, mainstream teachers were systematically selected. The four primary schools and learning support teachers that participated in the focus group interviews were systematically selected. Findings indicate that the current learning support model used in the West Coast/Winelands area does not provide effective learning support to all learners experiencing barriers to learning in mainstream primary schools. Constraints that contribute to this situation can be identified on all levels of the education system including the macro and micro systems. By mapping the findings from the data against the literature review, the researcher recommends that the provision of learning support should be addressed systemically from within a whole-school approach, taking into account local contextual factors impacting on the school. In conclusion a model for the improvement of learning support service delivery within a wholeschool approach is provided.

This study provides the strategies that can be implemented to promote the agricultural sector in KwaZulu-Natal and the theory behind economic development, as well as the importance of trade and export growth. There are restrictions in terms of trade and it is important that these are addressed before making a decision to choose a viable, potential and realistic country to export to. This study is aimed answer the research question if agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector in KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, this study includes background on the KwaZulu-Natal Province and mainly focus on the indicators such as GDP, employment, health issues and other indicators that will indicate that this province is of importance in South Africa in terms of the agricultural sector. This study uses SARS data to analyse and calculate the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of all agricultural products of the province. This is done to identify if there is a comparative advantage in the products studied in this study. The products of KwaZulu-Natal also show that this province’s agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector and that this sector is a major contribution to South Africa’s GDP and development. This study uses the Decision Support Model (DSM) to compare the results from the Revealed Comparative Advantage to identify the products and sectors which have the most export potential in the international market. This study reveals that the agricultural products and industries in KwaZulu-Natal with the highest overall export potential are chocolate and cocoa preps, refined soybean oil, and leather products as the three top performers among agricultural products and have the most export potential in the province. Concluding remarks are based on the findings made throughout the study. / Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’approfondir les connaissances à propos de l’impact des stresseurs organisationnels sur la concentration du cortisol salivaire. Plus précisément, nous étudierons la contribution des modèles demande-contrôle de Karasek (1979) et demande-contrôle-soutien de Karasek et Theorell (1990) à la variation du cortisol salivaire chez les individus. Les associations entre les composantes principales de chacun des modèles (demandes psychologiques, latitude décisionnelle et soutien social), mais également les effets d’interaction inclus dans ces modèles, c’est-à-dire de l’effet modérateur de la latitude décisionnelle et du soutien social, seront étudiés. L’axe HPS a été associé aux symptômes de la santé mentale (Abelson et al., 2007; Havermans et al., 2011; Vreeburg et al., 2009b, 2010, 2013; Staufenbiel, 2013) ainsi qu’aux stresseurs en milieu de travail (Chida et Steptoe, 2009). À l’heure actuelle, le cortisol salivaire serait un indicateur de l’axe hypothalamo-pituito-surrénalien (HPS) le plus prometteur pour mesurer la réponse physiologique face à un événement stressant ou à un stress chronique (Maïna et al., 2009). Les données proviennent de l’étude SALVEO, menée par l’Équipe de recherche sur le travail et la santé mentale de l’Université de Montréal. Les résultats des analyses multiniveaux ne soutiennent pas l’implication du modèle demande-contrôle-soutien sur la concentration de cortisol. En effet, elles ne permettent pas de conclure que les effets, autant principaux que d’interaction, du modèle demande-contrôle-soutien expliquent la variation dans les concentrations de cortisol. La consommation de tabac est significativement reliée à la concentration de cortisol salivaire et doit être prise en considération dans les études futures. Par conséquent, ces résultats suggèrent que d’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour comprendre comment les stresseurs du travail s’incorporent à l’individu au niveau physiologique. Des connaissances approfondies de ces associations permettraient de mieux comprendre les associations entre le stress à long terme et les effets sur la santé, c’est-à-dire, comment les tensions au travail affectent la santé mentale à long terme (Karhula et al., 2015). / The main objective of this master thesis is to increase the knowledge about the impact of organisational factors on salivary cortisol concentrations. Especially, the models demand-control (Karasek, 1979) and demand-control-support (Karasek and Theorell, 1990) will be studied in relationship to the salivary cortisol. The objectives of this study are to investigate the associations between the main components of each model (psychological demands, decision latitude and social support), but also patterns of interaction effects, i.e. the effect moderator of decision latitude and social support. It has been shown that the HPA axis would be linked to symptoms of mental health (Abelson et al., 2007; Havermans et al. 2011; Vreeburg et al. 2009b, 2010, 2013; Staufenbiel, 2013) as well as stressors in the workplace (Chida and Steptoe, 2009). Currently, salivary cortisol, an indicator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) or the axis of stress management, would be the most promising for measuring the physiological response to a stressful event or chronic stress (Maïna et al. 2009). The data results come from the SALVEO surveys led by the research team on work and mental health of University of Montreal (ERTSM). Results of multilevel analyses do not support the involvement of the demand - control - support model to changes in cortisol concentration. Indeed, they do not suggest that the main effects as much as the interaction effects of the demand-control-support model, explain the variation in cortisol levels. Tobacco consumption is significantly related to salivary cortisol concentration and must be taken into account in previous studies. Therefore, these results suggest that further research is needed to understand how the occupational stressors are incorporated into the individual at the physiological level. Depth knowledge of these associations would help to understand the associations between long-term stress and health effects or how job strain affects long-term mental health (Karhula et al. 2015).

Denna studie undersöker socialsekreterarnas arbetsmiljö på socialtjänstens barn- och ungdomssektion i Luleå kommun. Studien strävar efter att skapa en deskriptiv bild över hur socialsekreterarna upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Vidare studeras vilket stöd de upplever samt vilka förbättringsmöjligheter de önskar på sin arbetsplats. Studien använder en webbaserad enkätundersökning som bygger på både kvalitativa och kvantitativa frågor. Undersökningens genomförande baseras på ett hypotetiskt-deduktivt och induktivt arbetssätt. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att det råder ett starkt kollegialt stöd men att stödet från ledningen upplevs som bristande. Det framgår även att socialsekreterarna upplever en hög arbetsbelastning där arbetssituationen påverkar deras privatliv i form av koncentrations-, och sömnsvårigheter. Socialsekreterarna tvingas ta till med strategier för att hantera bristerna och beskriver det som att uppfinna hjulet, vilket även utgör uppsatsens titel. Avslutningsvis krävs det fler tillgångar i form av större arbetskraft och utökning av ekonomiska resurser för att öka välbefinnandet och skapa en trivsam arbetsplats för socialsekreterarna.

Alla människor vill gå till arbetet utan att känna oro och ängslan samt kunna gå hem från arbetet med en positiv känsla i kroppen. Vissa människor går till arbetet med en klump i magen och kommer hem med minnen om en skrämmande och hotfull situation som uppstod under dagen. Dagens lärare utsätts för kränkningar, hot och våld i sitt yrkesutövande något som är en direkt påverkan på deras person och arbetsmiljö. Nummer tre av de åtta folkhälsopolitiska målsättningarna tar bland annat upp ökad hälsa i arbetslivet, något som vissa lärare möjligtvis går miste om. Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken omfattning högstadielärare utsätts för, kränkningar, hot och våld och om detta hade ett samband med sjukskrivningar hos lärare. Kvantitativa data samlades in via enkäter ställda till lärare för högstadieelever i klass 7–9. Data analyserades både deskriptivt och analytiskt för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna i syftet. Ur resultaten framkom att majoriteten av respondenterna utsatts för kränkningar hot och/eller våld samt att nästan hälften av respondenterna uppfattar att elevers bemötande påverkar dem negativt samt att elevers beteende var bättre förr. Lärares utsatthet för kränkningar, hot och våld kunde dock inte kopplas till sjukskrivning. Slutsatsen är att lärare är en utsatt yrkesgrupp som behöver få stöd inom sin yrkesroll och erbjudas funktionella verktyg för att kunna utföra sitt yrke, förslagsvis med Krav- kontroll-stödmodellen, samt att skolan som arena behöver ses över och göras säkrare. / Everyone wishes to be able to go to work without anxiety and to being able to leave work with a positive feeling. Some people go to work feeling troubled and return to their homes with memories of a frightening and threatening situation that arose during the day. Teachers are subjected to violations, threats and violence in their occupation, which affects them both personally and within their work environment. Number three of the eight Public Health policy objectives include, among other things, increased health at work something that some teachers may miss out on. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which high school teachers are exposed, violations, threats and violence and whether this had any connection with teacher’s sick leave. Quantitative data were collected through surveys that were filled in by teachers in 7th and 9th grade at primary-schools. Analysis regarding both descriptive and analytic forms were presented to answer the questions included in the studies aim. The results showed that the majority of respondents were subjected to violations, threats and /or violence and that almost half of the respondents perceived that pupils' treatment affected them negatively and that student behavior was better in the past. However, teachers' exposure to violations, threats and violence, could not be linked to sick leave. The conclusion is that teachers are a vulnerable professional group who need to be strengthened and offered functional tools to be able to carry out their profession with the Requirements Control support model and that the school as an arena needs to be reviewed and made safer.

Thesis in project management, D-level by Chris Baldebo & Anders Persson spring semester2011. Tutor: Lennart Ljung. “Project Manager's Psychosocial Work Environment in thePublic Sector – A Qualitative Study in the Värmland County Council”. The purpose of this study is to examine how project managers in the public sector perceivetheir psychosocial work environment in a public organization. Therefore we have formulateda hypothesis based on the assumption that there exist differences in how project managersperceive their psychosocial work environment, depending on whether they work in public orprivate sector.Based on the objective, one research question has been formulated: How do projectmanagers active in the Pegasus program experience their psychosocial work environment? Tobe able to say something characteristic about the project managers psychosocial workenvironment our approach has been to interview five project managers. Further in ouroperationalization and analysis we have used Karasek/Johnsons demand/control/supportmodel with amplifications in form of project specific factors taken from theory about projectmanagement.From the analysis of the empirical data, we conclude that the project managers who areactive in the Pegasus program in the Värmland county council experience their psychosocialwork environment in several ways. In this study that means that several of the respondentsexperience high levels of stress in the psychosocial work environment while the degree ofself-monitoring and social support to the project manager’s work varies between therespondents. We can also see that several of the project managers feel that their psychosocialwork environment is stimulating while others experience it mainly as stressing. Some of theproject managers could therefore more than others, eventually suffer from psychosomaticdisorders as long as their work demands mostly not are compensated by a higher degree ofself-monitoring. / Examensarbete i projektledning, D-uppsats av Chris Baldebo & Anders Persson vårterminen2011. Handledare: Lennart Ljung. ”Projektledares psykosociala arbetsmiljö inom offentligverksamhet – En kvalitativ studie i Värmlands landsting”. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur projektledare verksamma inom offentligverksamhet upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Utifrån detta har vi formulerat en hypotessom bygger på antagandet att det finns skillnader i hur projektledare upplever sinpsykosociala arbetsmiljö beroende på om de arbetar inom offentlig eller privat sektor.Utifrån syftet har en preciserad frågeställning formulerats: Hur upplever projektledareverksamma inom Pegasusprogrammet i Värmlands landsting sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö?För att kunna säga något karakteristiskt om detta har vår ansats varit att intervjua femprojektledare. Vidare i vår operationalisering och analys har vi utgått från Karasek/Johnsonskrav/kontroll/stödmodell samt förstärkt denna med projektspecifika faktorer som hämtats frånteori om projektledning.Genom analysen av våra empiriska data drar vi slutsatsen att projektledare som ärverksamma inom Pegasusprogrammet upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö på flera olikasätt. Detta innebär i denna studie att flera av respondenterna upplever en hög grad avarbetskrav i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Samtidigt varierar graden av egenkontroll ochsocialt stöd i arbetet mellan respondenterna. Vi kan också se att flera av projektledarnaupplever att deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö är stressande medan andra ser den främst somstimulerande. Utifrån de olika upplevelserna riskerar därmed vissa av projektledarna i högreutsträckning än andra, att på sikt drabbas av psykosomatiska besvär så länge deras arbetskravinte motsvaras av en högre grad av egenkontroll.Nyckelord:

This study provides the strategies that can be implemented to promote the agricultural sector in KwaZulu-Natal and the theory behind economic development, as well as the importance of trade and export growth. There are restrictions in terms of trade and it is important that these are addressed before making a decision to choose a viable, potential and realistic country to export to. This study is aimed answer the research question if agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector in KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, this study includes background on the KwaZulu-Natal Province and mainly focus on the indicators such as GDP, employment, health issues and other indicators that will indicate that this province is of importance in South Africa in terms of the agricultural sector. This study uses SARS data to analyse and calculate the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of all agricultural products of the province. This is done to identify if there is a comparative advantage in the products studied in this study. The products of KwaZulu-Natal also show that this province’s agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector and that this sector is a major contribution to South Africa’s GDP and development. This study uses the Decision Support Model (DSM) to compare the results from the Revealed Comparative Advantage to identify the products and sectors which have the most export potential in the international market. This study reveals that the agricultural products and industries in KwaZulu-Natal with the highest overall export potential are chocolate and cocoa preps, refined soybean oil, and leather products as the three top performers among agricultural products and have the most export potential in the province. Concluding remarks are based on the findings made throughout the study. / Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Submitted by Diogo Bassetti (diogobassetti@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T00:43:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DSM - Diogo Bassetti - BRICS_Final.pdf: 4087477 bytes, checksum: 46e14f3fd3806b235190696046d99062 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado, boa tarde! O seu trabalho foi rejeitado pelos seguintes motivos: - Os títulos (Resumo, Abstract, Lista de figuras, tabelas, Sumário e etc) devem ser centralizados na página; - O Sumário vem antes da página da "Introdução", depois das listas de figuras, tabelas e afins; - A contagem de páginas começa a partir da Capa, mas a numeração começa a partir da 'Introdução". Qualquer dúvida, entre em contato no e-mail mestradoprofissional@fgv.br ou ligue 3799-7764 Att, Thais Oliveira on 2017-09-21T17:56:01Z (GMT) / Submitted by Diogo Bassetti (diogobassetti@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T18:14:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DSM - Diogo Bassetti - BRICS_Final.pdf: 4080014 bytes, checksum: 72fcb5baabf4dfbfc7c54e013eed69dc (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado, boa tarde! Está correto, só faltou centralizar o título "Acknowledgements". Por gentileza, altere e reenvie para que possamos aprovar a Dissertação. Obrigada! on 2017-09-21T19:43:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by Diogo Bassetti (diogobassetti@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T19:48:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DSM - Diogo Bassetti - BRICS_Final.pdf: 4080815 bytes, checksum: 48d4e119aa0274f2d352dd2f55323dcc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2017-09-21T19:52:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DSM - Diogo Bassetti - BRICS_Final.pdf: 4080815 bytes, checksum: 48d4e119aa0274f2d352dd2f55323dcc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T14:28:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DSM - Diogo Bassetti - BRICS_Final.pdf: 4080815 bytes, checksum: 48d4e119aa0274f2d352dd2f55323dcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / This study aims to identify export opportunities for Brazilian products to other countries of the BRICS. It utilized the Decision Support Model (DSM), created by Cuyvers et al (1995), with the intent of assisting policy makers and instituitions by identifying and filtering foreign markets and as a result detecting export opportunities. This is the first application of the DSM to Brazil, therefore the literature has no history about Brazilian export opportunities in reference of this model. The analysis made had as input the HS 6-digit level of disaggregation of products, being able to retain a high level of depth regarding the right selection of products in the BRICS’ import market, aside from Brazil. The overall analysis was made between 2011 and 2015. The results of the model showed 1,113 products which can be successfully exported to Russia, China, India and South Africa, evaluated as realistic export opportunities, and following a Marketshare analysis, between 80% and 95% of those products, with small variations from year to year, are not explored or explored very little by Brazil’s exporters. The model also exposed 292 products in which Brazil already has or had expertise in exporting. Also, it was calculated the potential value of those exports: the year of 2014 a total US$ 136.9 billions of dollars; for the year of 2015, 101.7 billions of dollars; and considering products selected by Brazil’s export capacity, for 2014, 62.3 billions of dollars; for 2015, 43 billions of dollars. / Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar oportunidades de exportação de produtos brasileiros para outros países do BRICS. Utilizou o Decision Support Model (DSM), criado por Cuyvers et al (1995), com a intenção de auxiliar políticos e instituições, identificando e filtrando mercados externos e, como resultado, detectando oportunidades de exportação. Esta é a primeira aplicação do DSM para o Brasil, portanto, a literatura não tem história sobre as oportunidades de exportação brasileiras em referência a este modelo. A análise realizada teve como entrada o nível de desagregação de produtos de 6 dígitos do HS, podendo manter um alto nível de profundidade em relação à seleção correta de produtos no mercado de importação do BRICS, além do Brasil. A análise geral foi feita entre 2011 e 2015. Os resultados do modelo mostraram 1.113 produtos que podem ser exportados com sucesso para a Rússia, China, Índia e África do Sul, avaliados como oportunidades de exportação realistas e, após uma análise da Marketshare, entre 80% e 95 % desses produtos, com pequenas variações de ano para ano, não são explorados ou explorados muito pouco pelos exportadores brasileiros. O modelo também expôs 292 produtos em que o Brasil já possui ou tem experiência em exportar. Além disso, foi calculado o valor potencial dessas exportações: o ano de 2014 totalizou 136,9 bilhões de dólares; para o ano de 2015, 101,7 bilhões de dólares; e considerando produtos selecionados pela capacidade de exportação do Brasil, para 2014, 62,3 bilhões de dólares; para 2015 43 bilhões de dólares.