Esta pesquisa busca lançar bases para a caracterização do uso da linguagem simbólica dentro do Direito penal. Nesse sentido, estabelece-se uma divisão entre duas categorias: Simbolismo no Direito penal e Direito penal simbólico, sendo que a primeira diz respeito a todas as formas (intrínsecas, legítimas ou ilegítimas) de utilização de símbolos no Direito penal. Já a segunda categoria corresponde a uma parcela deturpada do uso de símbolos dentro do Direito penal, prejudicial a sua função e ilegítima perante seus princípios, o que acaba por gerar dois efeitos intoleráveis à dinâmica do Direito penal: sua inefetividade e sua seletividade. De início é elaborado um panorama do símbolo e suas implicações teóricas em diversas áreas do saber. Em um segundo momento, a temática do simbolismo é relacionada com o Direito penal, visando à construção de um conceito crítico de Direito penal simbólico apto a ser aplicado na realidade. Posteriormente, é esboçada uma análise da conjectura do Direito penal na contemporaneidade e como tal contexto deu gênese e fomenta o fenômeno do Direito penal simbólico. Por fim, uma série de propostas são estabelecidas com o objetivo de sanear o simbolismo no Direito penal de utilizações deturpadas do símbolo. / This research intends to investigate the use of simbolical language in the Criminal Law. In this sense, a division between two categories is made: the Symbolism in the Criminal Law and the Symbolic Criminal Law. The first is related to any kinds of uses of symbols inside the Criminal Law (even in the cases of negative utilizations). In other way, the second category corresponds specifically to a distorted portion of the use of symbols within the Criminal Law, damaging its correct function and going against its principles. This distortion generates two intolerable effects to the dynamic of Criminal Law: its ineffectiveness and its selectivity. In the beggining, this work will establish a theoretical analysis of the symbol in many differents areas of knowledge. After that, the symbolism will be related to the Criminal Law, in order to build a concept of Symbolic Criminal Law fit to be empirically applied. Subsequently, an analysis of the Criminal Law within the contemporary contexto will be sketched. Finally, some suggestion will be offered aiming the goal of cleansing the Symbolism in the Criminal Law of the misleading uses of symbols

This study examines identity presentations on the online social networking site, Facebook.com. The two-phase research design includes a period of participant observation of a sample of 346 college students and recent graduates followed by an interview period with a sample subset of 48 interviewees. The study analyzes key performance components on the site using a symbolic interaction perspective, to determine common characteristics of Facebook profiles, importance of performance components, and categories of identity performance. Identity performance components are broken into two general categories, static and dynamic. Dynamic components, those that are updated frequently and drive much of the activity online, are far more important in terms of identity performance. Dynamic components on Facebook found to be important in this study are status updates, use of bumper stickers and pieces of flair, giving gifts, and photos. Analysis of these components supports the symbolic interaction literature in general and the works of George H. Mead specifically. The Facebook news feed allows Facebookers to continually observe identity performances of others as well as to give and receive feedback on performances. This continual flow of information allows for the development of a generalized other, used as the basis for anticipating reactions from others to potential activity. Based on these anticipations, in an effort to reduce misinterpretations, Facebookers develop exaggerated performances that serve to distinguish in-groups from out-groups.

Stimulated by the economic theories of Richard Florida (2005), the City of Tampa established the Office of Creative Industries (OCI) to oversee efforts to strengthen the presence and visibility of "the arts." This thesis presents ethnographic research focused on practices, and perspectives among members of the OCI's service population. From July 2006 to July 2007, I conducted fieldwork among a diverse group of stakeholders possessing a unique connection to the aims of the OCI. The central problem addressed in this research looks at the degree to which cultural change occurs from participatory, grass-roots initiatives, rather than ones emanating from "the top" based on the economic concerns derived from largely quantitative approaches. The experiences and perspectives presented in this thesis provide a rich qualitative picture of cultural production in Tampa. While exploratory in nature, this research reveals some key considerations for city governments concerning cultural policy. This thesis concludes with discussion of theoretical and methodological implications of findings and calls for practice oriented approaches within urban development settings.

Since the early part of the 1800s many aspects of music education have remained "very traditional" with little changes in underpinning rationales (Jorgensen, 2003, p. 3). Due to this lack of change, a divide exists "between musical ideology and education practice" (p. 4). The primary purpose of this thesis is to suggest that changing the music education profession begins with reconceptualizing music education. The secondary purpose is to propose one solution, the Timeline Integration Model. Reconceptualization is the process of challenging the atheoretical and ahistorical perspectives of traditional curricula (Pinar, 1975). Rethinking curriculum research starts at the intersections of social structure, history, and biography (Popkewitz, 1988). This philosophical qualitative research thesis presents an analysis of the social structure of School of Music programs. It uses the symbolic interaction theory to investigate how language and music-for-music's-sake ideology influence the music education profession. It briefly examines the history of music education and provides a review of literature of symbolic interaction theory and reconceptualization in relation to music education. The symbolic interaction theory is also applied to an autobiography to further investigate the social structure of School of Music programs and the music education profession. The autobiography demonstrates how social structure, history, and biography are interconnected. This thesis introduces the Timeline Integration Model. The Timeline Integration Model is an interdisciplinary approach developed by the author that uses socio-historical contexts to rethink musical learning. The Timeline Integration Model also provides teachers with tools to design meaningful and integrative lessons in K-12 general music classrooms.

USFKAD is an encoded expert system for the eigenfunction expansion of solutions to the wave, diffusion, and Laplace equations: both homogeneous and nonhomogenous; one, two, or three dimensions; Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates; Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, or singular boundary conditions; in time, frequency, or Laplace domain. The user follows a menu to enter his/her choices and the output is a LaTeX file containing the formula for the solution together with the transcendental equation for the eigenvalues (if necessary) and the projection formulas for the coefficients. The file is suitable for insertion into a book or journal article, and as a teaching aid. Virtually all cases are covered, including the Mellin, spherical harmonic, Bessel, modified Bessel, spherical Bessel, Dini, Hankel, Weber, MacDonald, and Kantorovich-Lebedev expansions, mixed spectrum, and rigid body modes.

This paper outlines and implements a systematic approach to the establishment, investigation, and testing of distances and topologies on language spaces. The collection of all languages over a given number of symbols forms a semiring, appropriately termed a language space. Families of languages are defined by interrelations among words. The traditional classification begins with the syntax rules or grammar of the language, that is, the word-transformations by which the entire language can be produced from a single axiom, or starting word. The study of distances between languages as objects and of the topologies induced by language distances upon spaces of languages has been of a limited character. Known language distances introduce topologically awkward features into a language space, such as total disconnectedness. This dissertation examines the topologies induced by three language distances, the effect that each one has upon the notion of a random language, and discusses continuity and word-distribution of structure-preserving language transformations, i.e., morphisms. This approach starts from metric-like requirements, but adduces an additional condition intuitively appropriate to gauging language distance. At the same time, strict, i.e. non-metric pseudometrics are admitted as possible language distance functions, and these are investigated by the use of metric quotient spaces. The study of the notion of randomness implied by the topology induced by such a pseudo-metric on a language space offers insight into the structure of language spaces and verifies the viability of the pseudo-metric. Three language pseudo-metrics are studied in this dissertation: a version of the most commonlyused (Cantor) word metric; an upper-density (Besicovitch) pseudo-metric borrowed from the study of cellular automata; and an adaptation and normalization of topological entropy, each evaluated on the symmetric set-difference between languages. It is shown that each of these distances induces a distinct topology on the space of languages. The topology induced by Cantor distance is compact and totally disconnected, the topologies induced by the other two are non-compact, with entropic distance resulting in a topology that is the strict refinement of the Besicovitch topology, enhancing the picture of the smaller languages in the Besicovitch topology. It is also shown that none of the three topologies gives quantitative expression to the distinction between regular and linear languages, although, using Martin-Lof randomness tests, it is shown that each pseudo-metric is associated with a new notion of a random language. A classification of language mappings is introduced, with the aim of identifying those which best preserve the structure of languages under specific topologies. There are results regarding continuity of mappings, the matrix representation of the pre-image of certain morphisms, and the formal expressions of the probability distribution of the image of certain morphism. The continuity of an injective morphism on its image is demonstrated under limited conditions. Finally, the questions which this approach leaves open are detailed. While basic facts about a permutation-invariant version of symmetric set difference are shown, this has yet to be fully elaborated. The outline is presented for a metric which distinguishes between regular and linear languages by brute force. Syntactic and as algebraic topological continuations of this approach await investigation. A variation of the Cantor distance is introduced, and this induces a non-Cantor topology on a language space. In summary, this dissertation demonstrates that it is possible to systematically topologize the formal language space, and, having done so, to determine the major effects this has upon the notion of random languages and upon language morphisms.

Orientadora: Eliane Giachetto Saravali / Banca: Raul Aragão Martins / Banca: Cristiane Pereira Marquezini / Resumo: Há várias contribuições científicas de estudiosos do desenvolvimento infantil sobre o brincar e sua importância para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, social, físico e afetivo da criança. No entanto, observa-se que, muitas vezes, o brincar não possui uma efetiva presença na matriz curricular das escolas. Tendo como referência o jogo simbólico fundamentado na teoria piagetiana, esta pesquisa foi realizada em uma Escola de Tempo Integral no interior paulista, objetivando analisar como é a inserção das brincadeiras dentro deste formato de ensino, mais especificamente do jogo simbólico no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental I. Buscamos, ainda, analisar as concepções que professores do 1º ano possuem acerca do brincar, relacionando-as ao espaço e tempo que essa atividade ocupa na rotina escolar, bem como analisar a perspectiva da criança em relação ao faz de conta. Participaram do estudo 39 crianças (entre 6 e 7 anos de idade) regularmente matriculadas em duas salas de 1º ano e suas respectivas professoras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: roteiro de observação, hora de jogo e entrevistas pautadas no método clínico-crítico piagetiano, realizadas com as crianças e as professoras. Os resultados apontaram a presença de jogo simbólico em situações criadas pelas próprias crianças, mas não valorizadas pela escola, inclusive reprimidas por seus profissionais. Observamos total ausência de brinquedos e materiais que favorecem este tipo de jogo nas salas de aula e espaços da escola. Na hora do jogo, a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: There are several scientific contributions of children's development scholars about playing and its importance to the cognitive, social, physical and affective development of the child. However, it is observed that eventually play does not have an effective presence in the curricular matrix of the schools. The symbolic game based on Piaget's theory was considered as the reference of this research which was carried out in a Full Time School in the countryside of São Paulo. The goal was to analyze how the insertion of the symbolic game occurs within this teaching format in the first year of elementary School. Also, the research aimed to analyze the first-year teachers' conceptions of play relating them to space and time that this activity occupies among the school routine, as well as analyze the child's perspective in relation to the pretend play. The study included 39 children (between 6 and 7 years old) who are regularly enrolled in two classrooms and their respective teachers. The instruments used were: observation script, game time and interviews based on Piaget's clinical-critical method which were carried out with the children and the teachers. The results pointed out the presence of symbolic play in situations created by the children themselves, but not valued by the school, even repressed by its professionals. It was possible to observe a total absence of toys and materials that could benefit this type of game in classrooms and school spaces. During game time, the child... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Local thermodynamic models are practical alternatives to computationally expensive rigorous models that involve implicit computational procedures and often complement them to accelerate computation for real-time optimization and control. Human-centered strategies for development of these models are based on approximation of theoretical models. Genetic Programming (GP) system can extract knowledge from the given data in the form of symbolic expressions. This research describes a fully data driven automatic self-evolving algorithm that builds appropriate approximating formulae for local models using genetic programming. No a-priori information on the type of mixture (ideal/non ideal etc.) or assumptions are necessary. The approach involves synthesis of models for a given set of variables and mathematical operators that may relate them. The selection of variables is automated through principal component analysis and heuristics. For each candidate model, the model parameters are optimized in the inner integrated nested loop. The trade-off between accuracy and model complexity is addressed through incorporation of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) into the fitness (objective) function. Statistical tools including residual analysis are used to evaluate performance of models. Adjusted R-square is used to test model's accuracy, and F-test is used to test if the terms in the model are necessary. The analysis of the performance of the models generated with the data driven approach depicts theoretically expected range of compositional dependence of partition coefficients and limits of ideal gas as well as ideal solution behavior. Finally, the model built by GP integrated into a steady state and dynamic flow sheet simulator to show the benefits of using such models in simulation. The test systems were propane-propylene for ideal solutions and acetone-water for non-ideal. The result shows that, the generated models are accurate for the whole range of data and the performance is tunable. The generated local models can indeed be used as empirical models go beyond elimination of the local model updating procedures to further enhance the utility of the approach for deployment of real-time applications.

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