Successfull cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an essential life-saving tool; nevertheless, general ischemia during cardiac arrest may trigger different pathways that could turn even into a fatal damage; this condition is called post-cardiac arrest syndrome. It has been repeatedly shown that oxidative stress (OS) plays one of the key roles in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, current evidence on the possible participation of OS in the pathogenesis of post-cardiac arrest syndrome is insufficient. We tested following hypotheses: (i) ischaemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest is accompanied by OS and (ii) mild therapeutical hypothermia decreases OS cardiac arrest. In the experimental part of our work we studied the effects of hypothermia and normothermia on hemodynamic parameters, markers of organ damage and on the OS burden in porcine model of cardiac arrest. Furthermore, we compared the effects of hypothermia with ischaemic postconditioning and nitric oxide administration in the porcine model of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We found protective effects of hypothermia on all major endpoints including OS in comparison with normothermia; moreover, hypothermia improved also selected variables compared to ischemic postconditioning and nitric oxide. In the...

Bakgrund: Substansbruk är ett växande problem i världen och personer med substansbruk påträffas i alla delar av vården på grund av deras omfattande samsjuklighet. Patientgruppen upplever att de fördomarna som finns mot substansbruk i allmänhet även är närvarande i vårdmötet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vårdpersonals erfarenhet av att möta patienter med substansbruk i somatisk vård. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Databassökningen genomfördes i Cinahl, PubMed, PsychInfo samt via en manuell sökning. Resultatanalysen gjordes enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Utifrån resultatet formades två huvudkategorier och nio underkategorier. De två huvudkategorierna var; Vårdpersonalens inre kamp mellan fördomar och professionalism och Konkreta hinder och förutsättningar för en förändring. Konklusion: Vårdpersonal upplevde flertalet hinder kring att ge en god vård till patientgruppen. Många av de hinder som upplevdes skulle kunna förklaras med den allmänna okunskapen, avsaknaden av stöd och begränsade erfarenheten av patientgruppen. Mer utbildning och stöd skulle i förlängningen kunna leda till ett bättre bemötande och vård för denna patientgrupp. / Background: Substance use is a growing problem in the world and people with substance use are found in all parts of the healthcare system due to their extensive comorbidity. The prejudices that exist against substance use in general is also experienced by the patient group in the care setting.  Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate healthcare professionals' experience of meeting patients with substance use in somatic care. Methods: A literature study based on nine qualitative articles. The database search was conducted in Cinahl, PubMed, PsychInfo and by a manual search. The result analysis was conducted according to Friberg's five-step model. Results: Based on the results, two main categories and nine subcategories were formed. The two main categories were; The inner struggles of healthcare professionals between prejudice and professionalism and Specific obstacles and opportunities for change. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals experienced several different obstacles in providing good care to the patient group. These could be explained by the general lack of knowledge, support and limited experience. Further education and support could in the long run lead to better treatment and care for this patient group.

I have been interested in the topic I chose for my diploma thesis since I was deciding on my future profession. When it comes to the teaching profession, usually the idea of summer holidays attracts everyone. However, the stress that teachers face in performing this profession is not so much talked about. Therefore, I decided to learn more about this issue. This thesis deals specifically with stress in primary school teachers, to which teachers are increasingly exposed, and the word stress is very often associated with this profession. For several years I personally worked as a teaching assistant in a special school and now I teach Czech to foreigners at a primary school in Pilsen. Also for this reason, I decided to map the stress of primary school teachers. I would like to continue working in this profession, as well as working on my personal growth and finding a way to effectively prevent stress. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part, I define the terms load and stress first and cite some well-known authors dealing with this issue. I also describe the symptoms of stress of various kinds and its consequences for our health. In the following chapter I describe individual stressors, which have a significant effect on the teacher's work performance. The chapter describing...

Bakgrund: Cirka 75% av alla fertila kvinnor påverkas i varierande grad av premenstruella symtom. 15–20% har uttalad PMS medan 2–5% drabbas av den allvarligare varianten PMDS. De vanligaste symtomen är ilska, irritabilitet, ångest, ökad svullnadskänsla i kroppen, ömhet i brösten, huvudvärk, led-/muskelvärk och viktökning. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med PMS och PMDS. Metod: Examensarbetet utfördes som en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ studiedesign där tio vetenskapliga artiklar sammanställdes för att kunna svara på det valda syftet. Resultat: För vissa kvinnor innebar premenstruella besvär år av månatligt lidande, för andra var det ett tecken på att vara en frisk kvinna. Kvinnorna hade olika copingstrategier för att få vardagen att fungera, de vanligaste var egen tid och att praktisera självövervakning. Många upplevde en negativ samhällelig bild av PMS och hur den premenstruella kvinnan uppfattades, dessa normer och ideal påvisades ha en skadlig inverkan på den egen självbilden och hur kvinnorna upplevde sina premenstruella besvär. Jean Watson (1985) belyser vikten av att sjuksköterskan ingjuter tro och hopp i patienten inför den situation den befinner sig i. På så vis kan sjuksköterskan bidra till beteende- och attitydförändringar. Slutsats: Kvinnorna upplever en samhällelig okunskap om PMS och PMDS som påverkar i vilken utsträckning de vågar tala om sina besvär. Okunskapen leder till att kvinnorna inte får det stöd och den hjälp de behöver för att klara vardagen, något som har direkt inverkan på livskvaliteten. Ökad medvetenhet och kunskap hos sjuksköterskan är grundläggande för att kunna ge adekvat och personcentrerad vård till dessa kvinnor. / Background: Approximately 75% of all women of childbearing age are affected by premenstrual symptoms. 15–20% have more distinct PMS, while 2–5% suffer from the more severe version PMDD. The most common symptoms are anger, irritability, anxiety, increased bloating, soreness in the breasts, headaches, joint/muscle pain and weight gain. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to investigate women's experiences of living with PMS and PMDD. Method: The thesis was carried out as a literature study with a qualitative study design. Ten scientific articles were compiled in order to answer the aim of the study. Results: For some women, PMS can mean years of monthly suffering, for others it's a sign of being a healthy woman. Women witnessed having to resort to different coping strategies to make everyday life work, the most common were personal time and self-monitoring. Many women experienced a negative societal image of PMS and how the premenstrual woman was perceived, these norms and ideals have been shown to have a harmful impact on their self-image and how they experience their premenstrual distress. Jean Watson (1985) highlights the importance of the nurse instilling faith and hope in the patient before the situation they find themselves in. In this way, the nurse can contribute to behavioral and attitudinal changes. Conclusion: Women feel that there is a societal ignorance that affects the extent to which they are comfortable speaking about their distress. This means that women do not receive the support and help they need to cope with everyday life, something that has a direct impact on their quality of life. Increased awareness and knowledge is fundamental in order for the nurse to provide adequate and person centered care for these women.

Univ., Diss.--Mannheim, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. [233] - 247.

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Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism - hereditary hyperbilirubinemias - are metabolic disorders manifested in early childhood. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias result from the defect of the enzyme uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). UGT1A1 mediates the conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronid acid in hepatocytes and its elimination to water soluble compound. In the next step of bilirubin degradation the transport of conjugated bilirubin from hepatocyte into the bile occure. It is caused by the ATP dependent transporters ABCC2, ATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Mutations in the genes coding the bilirubin transporters results in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Dubin-Johnson or Rotor syndrome. This study is focused on unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in adolescents including the non-typical manifestations and the defects of ABCC2 transporter and their phenotype in humans.

Diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of using logotherapeutic principles for clients in residential care. It shows the importance of interpersonal relationships among the long-term sick and dying people. It is focused on social work in the context of helping professions. In detail it deals with the disabled people. To provide the most effective care the knowledge of the specific disability is necessary. Different types of complex approaches to clients in residential facilities are mentioned and humanistic and existential theories of social work are summarized. The main part of the thesis concerns logotherapy and search for the meaning of life using logotherapeutic principles. Theoretical way-outs are evidenced by personal experience, mainly from the hospital environment, from the work with long- term sick and dying clients.

This thesis is concerned with the phenomenon of burnout in university teachers, who have been previously rather neglected in connection with this topic. The theoretical part provides an analysis of current knowledge regarding the development of the concept of burnout from the very early interest in this issue in the 1970s to the present, with emphasis being placed on the teaching profession, especially in the tertiary education sector. In the empirical part of the research, the assumption of different levels of burnout in university teachers in the former Eastern Bloc and Western European country was tested. This international study compares the burnout level in teachers from the philosophy faculties of Czech Charles University and German Universität Regensburg. In order to achieve a more holistic view of this topic, the levels of life engagement and depression have been studied as well. The data were collected with the help of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Life Engagement Test, Beck Depression Inventory and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Basic research assumption predicting differences in levels of burnout, life engagement and depression in Czech and German university teachers was confirmed in only one burnout subscale, namely the subscale of student-related burnout. Additionally, the...

Backrounds: Usage of addictive substances is a factor which affects the reproductive health of the female users, it affects their risky sexual behavior and fetus healthy development during pregnancy of drug using mothers. Pregnancy also represents a moment in their lifes which affects certain bio-psycho-social aspects forming the beginning of usage of substance abuse. Objectives: The aim of the research was to map a degree and paterns among problem female drug users and changes throughout pregnancy, map the risks of their sexual behavior and quality of their reproductive health, try to find out the availability of gynacology care for female drug users, the amount of care available before, through and after pregnancy. It also includes specific needs and factors affecting reproductive health. Methods and research group: A questionnaire survey of 25 problem female users based on consultations with them, all of them giving birth at least once, was carried out. The study took place at K-center Sananim, using a Field program Progressive, o.s. and around this facility and the place of field program using the "snow ball method". The questionnaire included 164 items in the following parts "Sociodemographic data", "Drug Use", "Risky sexual behavior and reproductive health", "Gynecologic care and barriers to...