Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silviateixeirapinho.pdf: 1013227 bytes, checksum: 3dc1d7c02de8fa816d57465940609a88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / This study aimed to determine the influence of situational application of games on the levels of Tactical Procedural Knowledge (CTP) in the form of school handball. The sample consisted of 35 subjects of both genders aged between 10-12 years, belonging to two classes of fifth-grade elementary school, which were submitted to different methods of teaching. For the process of categorization and classification of methods of teaching 18 classes were filmed and used the protocol of Stefanello (1999). For the evaluation of the CTP test was used KORA (evaluation guided by the concept), developed by Memmert (2002), according to the parameters tactical "OO" and "RE". The results confirmed that in group 1 was the method used and the situational group 2, the mixed method (analytical + overall). The calculation of chi-square (X²) determined significativas differences in the two groups in task parameters (acquisition of technical X² = 32.67 (p <0.05), setting and diversity of technical X² = 10.89 (p <0.05), application of X² = 25.0 (p <0, 05) and competition X² = 38.9 (p <0.05)) and conditions of the task (individual basis X² = 36.0 (p <0.05), combination of reasons X² = 19.89 (p <0, 05), complex game I X² = 12.0 (p <0.05) and game X² = 28.0 (p <0.05). It was confirmed at the tactical level of procedural knowledge that the method improved situational nurture in all parameters examined in convergent OO (p = 0.04), differing in OO (P = 0.01), convergent in RE (p = 0.01) and the RE odds (p = 0.07). In mixed method (analytical + overall), there was a decrease in scores in all parameters in OO convergent (p = 0.02), differing in OO (P = 0.20), convergent in RE (p = 0001) and the RE odds (p = 0001). It was concluded that the method of teaching focused on tactical capabilities is efficient to stimulate the development of tactical procedural knowledge. / O presente estudo objetivou verificar a influência da aplicação de jogos situacionais, sobre os níveis de Conhecimento Tático Processual (CTP) em escolares na modalidade de handebol. A amostra foi constituída por 35 sujeitos de ambos os sexos na faixa etária entre 10-12 anos, pertencentes a duas turmas de quinta-série do ensino Fundamental, que foram submetidos a métodos de ensino diferentes. Para o processo de categorização e classificação dos métodos de ensino foram filmadas 18 aulas e utilizado o protocolo de Stefanello (1999). Para a avaliação do CTP foi utilizado o teste KORA (avaliação orientada através do conceito), desenvolvido por Memmert (2002), segundo os parâmetros táticos oferecer-se orientar-se (OO) e reconhecer espaços (RE). Os resultados confirmaram que no grupo 1 foi utilizado o método situacional e no grupo 2 o método misto (analítico + global). O cálculo do qui-quadrado (X²), determinou diferenças siignificativas nos dois grupos, nos parâmetros tarefas (aquisição da técnica X² = 32,67 (p 0,05), fixação e diversificação da técnica X² = 10,89 (p 0,05), aplicação da técnica X² = 25,0 (p 0,05) e competição X² = 38,9 (p 0,05) ) e condições da tarefa (fundamento individual X² = 36,0 (p 0,05), combinação de fundamentos X² = 19,89 (p 0,05), complexo de jogo I X² = 12,0 (p 0,05) e jogo X² = 28,0 (p 0,05). Confirmou-se no nível de conhecimento tático processual que o método situacional oportunizou uma melhoria em todos parâmetros analisados, no OO convergente (p=0,04), no OO divergente (p=0,01), no RE convergente (p=0,01) e no RE divergente (p=0,07). No método misto (analítico+global), verificou-se uma diminuição nos escores em todos os parâmetros, no OO convergente (p=0,02), no OO divergente (p=0,20), no RE convergente (p=0,001) e no RE divergente (p=0,001). Portanto, conclui-se que o método de ensino centrado nas capacidades táticas é eficiente para estimular o desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático processual.

This dissertation explores the potential of new public landscapes developed in small scale lost, or latent spaces within the urban fabric of Pretoria, in order to change the CBD into a living city that encourages urban regeneration through tactical intervention. The urban voids of Pretoria will be mapped and a site developed using a series of tactical interventions. The exploration of current pop-up trends and guerilla urbanism as a vehicle for urban renewal provides the basis for the phasing process. C13/4/48 / Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

Networks are an integral part of everyday life. Today, public concern with the extent to which they influence people’s routines, and how much they affect cultures and societies, has grown substantially. People are thus now engaging in conversations and movements to evaluate and address the biases and discriminatory behaviours to which networks contribute. The media play an important part in this conversation, often directing the discourse towards fears of technology. Although such concerns are very real, the stories that media circulate typically rely on the “magical” nature of networks and therefore accentuate their figurative power. But, for people to participate meaningfully in the conversation, and for them to approach technologies responsibly, they need access to the complexities and technical intricacies of networks, not just their surfaces or metaphors. This dissertation argues that, by listening to networks, people can begin to apprehend, and even comprehend, the complex, ostensibly “magical” nature of their communications. One problem is that listening semantically to networks is incredibly difficult, if not impossible. Networks are very noisy, and they do not, for instance, use alphabetic language for internal or external communication. Yet there are other ways to hear and interpret them. I argue that Michel Chion’s techniques of reduced and causal listening are two such ways, and that they afford a “sensible” and timely method for approaching networks. Of course, network communications must first be rendered audible to hear them. For this purpose, I propose “tactical network sonification” (TNS) as a methodology for Science and Technology Studies (STS). As this dissertation’s primary contribution to the field of STS, TNS focuses on making the materiality of networks sensibly accessible to the general public, especially people who are not technology experts. In so doing, TNS builds on the scholarship of not only Chion but also Beth Coleman, Matthew Kirschenbaum, Henri Lefebvre, Shannon Mattern, Shintaro Miyazaki, Pauline Oliveros, Rita Raley, and Jonathan Sterne in particular. This project finds that TNS results in crowded sound clips that represent the complexity of network infrastructure, through the many overlapping rhythms and layers of sound that each clip contains. It explains that sonifications may assist in creating multimodal network stories, making networks sensible and apprehendable. Finally, this dissertation proposes that using TNS can help understand potential discriminatory distribution of network infrastructure across communities. / Graduate / 2021-12-18

Title: Anticipation sources and interaction during the serve return Objectives: The objectives of this diploma thesis are to explore what kinds of anticipatory resources elite tennis players perceive and which ones they take in consideration when returning the service. Methods: The qualitative type of research was used in this diploma thesis, specifically a case study. Professional tennis players were chosen and their ATP emplacement is from 26th to 163th in the world. Five of the chosen tennis players only train now, two of them train and also play and the other two only play. Their age varies from 25 to 43 years old. A method of review with instruction was used, the review had seven questions and lasted approximately 30-60 minutes during which the players thought in detail of key factors that they use for anticipation the service. The second phase of the research was a transcription of the review, its coding and analysis. Results: In this diploma thesis there is a description of individual themes that point out to other anticipatory resources which tennis players examine during their matches. Tennis players examine contextual and kinematic resources that help them to anticipate the service during the match. It was also found that tennis trainers do not use anticipation and returning the service...

A trend of temporary interventions is sweeping through Western cities in the 21st century. Being anything from art on street benches or small pop-up stores to street festivals, food trucks or urban farms, these expressions have recently been given more attention by the academic world and city authorities. Such expressions are often clustered under umbrella concepts such as tactical urbanism, temporary urbanism, DIY urbanism, guerilla urbanism and pop-up urbanism. In this thesis the expressions and the way in which they are organized are called Tactical and Temporary Urbanism Initiatives (TTUI). In the Swedish municipality Nacka east of Stockholm, a small peninsula called Kvarnholmen has hosted actors with short-term commitments during the summer of 2014; a project called Under Konstruktion. Situated at the site were an art &amp; exhibition center, a ‘magical’ garden, a food caravan, a night club and a festival. In parallel, Kvarnholmen is developing into a city district as part of a municipal aim to build almost 15000 new apartments over the next 15 years. The initiators of Under Konstruktion, Nacka municipality and the developer KUAB, have aimed to put Kvarnholmen “on the map” during the time of construction (among other intentions) and have brought in the above actors to realize this ambition. The thesis evaluates Under Konstruktion in order to answer the research question; what is the potential role and function of tactical and temporary urbanism initiatives within municipal planning and urban development processes in a Swedish context? Based on previous research and 11 interviews with project actors, it is discussed why TTUI should be implemented in municipal planning and what kind of knowledge and structures that are needed for an implementation to take place. Potential risks associated with TTUI implementation is also discussed. The evaluation shows that several ambitions have been achieved. The project was well-attended and a medial success but heavy workload and poor communication added stress and a negative touch. More involved actors and better anchoring within the municipal organization is suggested, and the cherry-picking of actors is questioned. Under Konstruktion has mainly been concerned with market strategic goals, which is not the main intention of TTUI and merely one piece of an urban development strategy. It is argued for that such a TTUI strategy in other locations in Nacka could possibly hasten gentrification processes. The thesis suggests broad TTUI implementation to recognize and adapt to global trends, basing the implementation on its advantages to rationalize land use, support creativity and diversify citizen participation processes. Such an approach have risks worth considering, for instance conflicts between actors, citizen ignorance or lack of bottom-up creativity. It would also be time-consuming, require resources and a questioning of municipal professions. Through the unique character of Under Konstruktion, Nacka has shown commitment to create vibrant districts, but not yet have TTUI become a significant part of its urban development strategy. With the current massive development in mind, implementing a short-term perspective cannot be hastened but step-by-step included to permeate the long-term strategic framework.

A Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) is a sparse network where connectivity is regulated by the proximity of mobile nodes. Connections are sporadic and the delivery rate is closely related to node movement. As network resources often are limited in such settings, it is useful to monitor the network in order to make more efficient communication decisions. This study investigates existing routing protocols and monitoring tools for DTN that best cope with the requirements of a tactical military network. A model is proposed to estimate source to destination delay in DTN. This model is evaluated in a Java-based software simulator called The ONE. In order to match the tactical military environment, two scenarios are constructed. The squad scenario simulates the formation movement pattern of several squads and the hierarchical communication scheme that is maintained in a military context. The other scenario simulates a convoy line movement of a military group during transportation. The results of this study show that the proposed mechanism can improve delivery rate and reduce network overhead in settings with strict buffer limitations. The estimation worked best in scenarios that contained some patterns of movement or communication. These patterns are resembled in the model's collected data and the model can provide the user with rough estimates of end-to-end delays in the network. Primary use of this model has been to reduce number of old messages in the network, but other applications like anomaly detection are also discussed in this work. / Ett avbrottstolerant nätverk (DTN) är ett glest nät där konnektiviteten avgörs av närheten bland de rörliga noderna i nätverket. Avbrotten i ett sådant nät förekommer ofta och sporadiskt. Eftersom nätverksresurserna oftast är begränsade i sådana sammanhang, så är det lämpligt att övervaka nätverket för att göra det möjligt att fatta mer effektiva kommunikationsbeslut. Det här arbetet undersöker olika routingalgoritmer och övervakningsvektyg för DTN med hänsyn till de krav som ställs av ett taktiskt nät. En modell för att uppskatta fördröjningen från källa till destination är framtagen i arbetet. Modellen är utvärderad med hjälp av en Javabaserad mjukvarusimulator som heter The ONE. För att bäst representera den miljö som uppstår i militära sammanhang är två scenarion framtagna. Det första är ett truppscenario där nodernar rör sig i fromationer och nättrafiken följer den hierarkiska modellen som används i militär kommunikation. Det andra scenariot är ett konvojscenario där enheter marcherar på led. Resultaten från denna studie visar att den föreslagna modellen kan öka andelen levererade meddelanden och minska nätverksbelastningen i en miljö där bufferstorleken hos noderna är begränsad. Uppskattningen visade sig fungera bäst i scenarion som innehöll någon form av mönster bland nodernas rörelse eller deras kommunikation. Dessa mönster återspeglas i modellens insamlade data och modellen kan förse användaren med en grov estimering av slutfördröjningen till alla destinationer i nätet. Modellen har i huvudsak använts till att minska antalet gamla meddelanden i nätet, men arbetet berör även andra användningsområden som anomalidetektion.

This master thesis studies the possibilities of using a radio-router protocol in order to increase the quality of service in dynamic tactical network environments. We cover three radio-router protocols with emphasis on Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP). Many applications, such as voice and video communication, have bandwidth and latency requirements which need to be fulfilled in order to provide a sufficient level of quality. This poses a problem in tactical network environments where links are typically dynamic and both bandwidth andlatency can vary. A radio-router protocol can alleviate this problem and also improve the routing in a network by allowing routers to take part of link-layer information. By using a radio link emulator (RLE) developed by Saab we are able to simulate dynamic network environments. We have performed two experiments by combining the RLE and an implementation of a subset ofthe DLEP specification draft. Both experiments simulate typical military network scenarios and allow us to analyse the effects of utilizing link-layerfeedback.Our results show that by using DLEP it is possible to provide better quality of service in highly dynamic conditions. We also show that DLEP can influence Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) by making OLSR aware of changes in the network topology. This leads to a reduced network convergence time with only a small increase in OLSR overhead.

Agri-food supply chains (ASCs) are becoming increasingly complex, and its actors are in need of sophisticated planning tools to remain competitive in an industry that have been moving away from small individual actors towards large multi-national, highly vertically integrated cooperatives. This case study views reality from an objectivist point of view and utilises a positivist approach to study this reality. It combines qualitative and quantitative methods to study an ASC operating in the Kingdom of Sweden. This ASC’s planning processes are investigated in order to identify processes that are applicable to simulation by considering model verification, validation, and credibility.    The simulation model allowed for system analyses from a strategic perspective and, hence, simplified the planning process of evaluating different scenarios. The model was intrinsically verified and validated in consultation with the supervisor and subject reader and was thus able to accurately imitate the real-world system. The simulated scenarios comprised changes to the ASC’s infrastructure or design. The changes, in turn, comprised decommissions of one or more port-site storage facilities (HPs). Questions that were asked during the evaluation of the experiment results included what happens to the inventory levels of the non-decommissioned HPs when certain ones close? will the demand still be met? and if, then where, will queues arise in the system? It is shown that the non-decommissioned HPs will manage the closed HP’s volumes, but only to a certain extent. One closed HP does not cause severe problems, while two closed ones can create queues, which, in turn, will result in lower than desired inventory levels at the end of the harvesting period. Queues will arise from the closing of just one HP, although this queue is practically negligible, but as two are closed, the queues will create problems. The demand was able to be met even though an HP was closed, but to meet it while two HPs are closed, one of the non-decommissioned ones’ capacity must be increased. This, ultimately, generated or achieved for the host organisation a so called proof of concept (this is argued to generate credibility in the model). Some of the identified characteristics of their ASC are considered generic, while others can only be claimed to be specific the studied ASC. The study thus claims to have initiated a framework for the differentiation of strategic, tactical, and operational planning levels in an ASC.

Modern information technology increases the use of computers in training systems as well as in command-and-control systems in military services and public-safety organizations. This computerization combined with new threats present a challenging complexity. Situational awareness in evolving distributed operations and follow-up in training systems depends on humans in the field reporting observations of events. The use of this observer-reported information can be largely improved by implementation of models supporting both reporting and computer representation of objects and phenomena in operations. This thesis characterises and describes observer model-based data collection in distributed tactical operations, where multiple, dispersed units work to achieve common goals. Reconstruction and exploration of multimedia representations of operations is becoming an established means for supporting taskforce training. We explore how modelling of operational processes and entities can support observer data collection and increase information content in mission histories. We use realistic exercises for testing developed models, methods and tools for observer data collection and transfer results to live operations. The main contribution of this thesis is the systematic description of the model-based approach to using observers for data collection. Methodological aspects in using humans to collect data to be used in information systems, and also modelling aspects for phenomena occurring in emergency response and communication areas contribute to the body of research. We describe a general methodology for using human observers to collect adequate data for use in information systems. In addition, we describe methods and tools to collect data on the chain of medical attendance in emergency response exercises, and on command-and-control processes in several domains.

Distributed simulations require efficient communication to represent complex scenarios, which presents a great challenge. This paper investigates the use of message-oriented middleware (MOM) to address this challenge by integrating the flight simulator X-Plane with the tactical simulator TACSI and evaluating the performance of different data transfer approaches. The study assesses performance by measuring the maximum sustainable throughput (MST) and the latency of a publish-subscribe-based MOM system. Two data distribution methods are compared: single-topic publishing and publishing to multiple subtopics. The results show that single-topic publishing achieves higher MST and lower latency when transmitting the same data volume. These findings provide valuable insights for deciding the state distribution method for publish-subscribe MOM systems. Additionally, this study highlights the limitations of manual determination of MST and underlines the need for accurate performance measurement techniques. / Distribuerade system kräver effektiv kommunikation för att representera komplexa scenarion, vilket utgör en betydande utmaning. Denna rapport använder meddelandeorienterad mellanprogramvara (MOM) för att angripa denna utmaning genom att integrera flygsimulatorn X-Plane med den taktiska simulatorn TACSI och sedan utvärdera prestandan av olika dataöverföringsmetoder. Studien utvärderar prestandan genom att mäta den maximala genomströmningskapaciteten och latensen på ett publish-subscribe-baserat MOM-system. Två dataöverföringsmetoder jämförs: single-topic publicering och publicering på flera subtopics. Resultatet visar att single-topic publicering ger högre maximal genomströmningskapacitet och lägre latens vid samma mängd data. Dessa upptäckter ger värdefulla insikter när man ska bestämma metod för dataöverföring i publish-subscribe-baserade MOM-system. Slutligen visar denna studie på begränsningarna med att manuellt bestämma MST och behovet av mer noggranna tekniker för att mäta maximal genomströmningskapacitet.