Diss. Linköping : Univ.

In the Nordic countries a new and liberal view on marriages came in the mid-1910s. In Sweden a new divorce law, with a no-fault ground proceeded a new marital law in 1920. In the new law both parents had equal rights to the custody of the children. Before this the father automatically got the custody of the children if he wasn’t unfit. From the late 19th century it became more common that the mother got the custody.  In this study I have gone through the testimonies in a divorce process, from 1929 to 1932, where the father, the doctor in Strängnäs, had asked for a divorce an also the custody of the two underage children. In this process both parent mobilize their social network and through the study of their testimony we get a picture of a well-educated middle class family’s life and how the contemporary society’s view on the qualities a good mother and father would have. Also if the testimonies had an impact on the decision of the courts. In Strängnäs the Municipal Court, Rådhusrätten, first ruled in favor for the mother and then granted both parents the custody of one child each, a boy and a girl, based on the children’s gender. Both parents appealed to a higher court, Svea hovrätt, which ruled in favor of the mother based on the children’s age and well-being.

This essay will try to examine the breakthrough of symphonic game music by following my hypothesis of the actual breakthrough in late 90s through early 2000s. The method of the essay is a hermeneutic approach which will find different interpretations that in the later part of the essay will lead to an analysis and discussion. This approach is a way for later scholars to examine the subject further. A central part of the essay is to define the term symphonic game music which never before in broader terms have been defined, though the terms dynamic music and orchestral music has been used by scholars such as Collins. Central figures i write about are Nobuo Uematsu and Winifred Phillips, whose contributions to the field of game music are extraordinary, and they also bring forth their own theories. I write more about theories, among others Karen Collins and Koji Kondo, to broaden the discussions. The delimitations in this essay are very important to narrow the types of games studied, and they are for the most part video games and computer games. In the actual examination i refer to among others the scholars Donnelly, Phillips and Collins to map the time of breakthrough and how it actually happened. The games I examine in more detail are Final Fantasy and The Elder Scrolls because I argue in my hypothesis that these two game series are important for the actual breakthrough. Tables and notes from Final Fantasy are used to clarify the subject studied. In the end of the essay I conclude with different perspectives and evaluation of the subject.

Statistics and public reports indicate that stock investment has developed to a popular and growing investment trend among individuals, where the underlying motivational factor is the possibility to generate a return on the investment, and therefore make money. A recurrent and controversial question in the financial context is how the individual investor should proceed to generate a return higher than the market. Although scientific research claims the market to be efficient, situations occur where individual performers manage to surpass the market, which is explained by deviations from the market’s efficiency. The deviations are known as market anomalies, and from the beginning of time several key ratio-anomalies have existed and disappeared. Despite their disappearance, some of these key ratios continue demonstrating the ability of forecasting returns. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to use these key ratios to investigate the semi-strong form of market efficiency on the Swedish stock market during the period of 2013-2019. The execution will be done using key ratio-constructed stock portfolios based on the P/E-ratio, the B/M-ratio, and a combination of these. The portfolios will be compared both among themselves and towards a benchmark index with the intention to analyze if a significant return can be determined. According to the results, portfolios based on the P/E-ratio as well as the combination of the P/E-ratio and the B/M-ratio, can be used in portfolio construction to generate significantly risk-adjusted return on the Swedish stock market. This implicate that, during this investigation period, the Swedish stock market is not completely efficient according to the semi-strong form of market efficiency.

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På grund av bristande erfarenheter inom byggtekniken gällande fukt har många skolor byggda under 1970-talet fuktproblem idag. I uppdrag av Vöfab ska tre olika fuktskadade objekt som har renoverats jämföras med varandra. Objekten består av tre skolor i Växjö som är byggda under 1970-talet. Objektens fuktskador och åtgärder ska undersökas. Detta görs för att analysera om samma typ av åtgärder vidtagits samt om samma typ av fuktproblem uppkommit i alla tre objekten. I studien ska det med hjälp av det teoretiska ramverket även undersökas om ytterligare fuktproblem kan uppkomma i framtiden trots renoveringarna.

This study deals with the relationship between communications networks and economic structure in medium-sized Swedish towns 1850-1970. Medium-sized towns have been defined as those which were ranked 4th-20th in terms of population at two points in time: in the year 1900, when industry had established a foothold and the most important railways had been built, and in the year 1970, at the end of the period studied. This means that the group studied comprises 22 towns. The communications networks which are examined are shipping, railways and roads. The economic structure is studied at various levels from economic sectors to sub-branches.Two measures have been constructed for the purpose of establishing the positions of the towns in the communications networks: accessibility and nodality. The former is calculated on the basis of distance from other towns and their populations. The latter is computed via quantification of the towns' access to the links of the respective networks and an assessment of the quality of these.Statistical relation analyses of correlation and regression type have been the principal method of analysis, which has been supplemented, however, by information culled from urban monographs and other studies.The study shows that there is a relationship between communications networks, primarily the railways, and the transformation of the towns' economic structures during the first half of the period studied. The predominant alignment of this relationship appears to be that the structural transformation precedes the expansion of the railways. Among the various economic sectors, the relationship between industry and the railways is the clearest. The relationship changes direction with the passage of time and can be divided into four phases:1.1850s - 1870s. The towns with strongest population and industrial growth attract railways to themselves and are themselves most active in expanding the railways. A weak correlation between accessibility of towns in the shipping network and industry dwindles away when the railways begin to expand.2.1870s - 1900. The relationship between industry and railways is two-way.3. 1900-1950.The building of the most important railways is completed. Industry continues to adapt to accessibility within the railway network.4.After 1950. The medium-sized towns begin to be deindustrialised as the service sector undergoes vigorous growth. The correlation between industry and railways weakens.On the other hand a supplementary study of conditions at regional level shows that railway expansion preceded structural change. In the rural parts of Sweden the railways were an important driving force behind urbanisation and industrialisation, and they created a special type of new population centre -"station villages", as they were called - which came to function as industrial focal points in the countryside. Many of these station villages rose to the status of towns later on.At lower levels of the economic structure the relationships between economic activities and communications networks are not statistically guaranteed as a rule. This is interpreted to mean that at first it was only large aggregates such as population density and total industry that were capable of influencing railway expansion. In similar fashion the railways later became a factor exercising influence primarily at the macro level, while at the micro level they formed only a base on which a number of other location factors were collected and evaluated before the individual firms reached their decisions. / digitalisering@umu

The purpose of the present dissertation is to examine the placing of the housing question on the agenda of social policy, the implications of housing for society, and the possibilities for simple shelter to be transformed into real family homes. The debate emphasizing the dwelling as the smallest social component and the home as the most important place for the raising of citizens has been studied. The dissertation consists of four essays, each of which can be seen as a separate study yet at the same time as interrelated due to the overall theme of the dissertation, housing and the home. The period under investigation is 1889-1929 and the place is Stockholm. The first section deals with philanthropic building activities, described through four representative examples: Föreningen för Välgörenhetens Ordnande, Stockholms Arbetarehem, Govenii Minne and Ella Heckscher's home for tubercular female workers. This section opens with two introductory chapters treating the philanthropic attitude toward housing and the relation of the family to the housing question, respectively. The theme of the second section is the significance of aesthetics for the home. This section also opens with two introductory chapters, whereof the first describes the aesthetic ideals of the epoch and the second presents the so-called "aesthetic educators". A number of pamphlets written about the home are discussed, as well as a selection from the home exhibitions of the day. In a closing chapter, the entrance of the architects into the housing-question arena is presented. The third study deals with politics in the broad sense of the term. The interest of social reformers for the housing question is traced by examining organizations like Studenter och Arbetare and Centralförbundet för Socialt Arbete. The second chapter deals with the contributions of academics to the housing question. The social democratic women belonging to the Stockholm's Women's Club are heard from, and the engagement of women in this question is further delineated through studying periodicals like Morgonbris and Tidevarvet. In the closing chapter, the establishment and treatment of the housing question within the municipal council of Stockholm is discussed. The fourth and final section treats the HSB. First, the origins of the HSB in 1923 via the tenant's movement and guild socialism are discussed. Thereafter the organization and membership of the HSB is described. A brief biography of Sven Wallander, the leading figure of the HSB is provided, followed by a chapter on the periodical Vår Bostad. The final two chapters discuss the materialized ideas themselves: the buildings built by the HSB and the homes which were set up in them, stimulated by the actual physical buildings and discussions about the right way of living in them. The story of the home has solid empirical grounding. This study has been conducted from different perspectives in order that a more nuanced knowledge might be acquired. Vision and practice have proven to be so closely interwoven that it is not always possible to distinguish between them. / digitalisering@umu

The present dissertation focuses on the appointment of clergy in the rural areas of Swedish province of Hälsingland during the period 1650-1800. The aim has been to analyse the practical process of clergy appointments as well as to discuss the development of the political culture of the said period in the way that it was reflected through the actions of the actors involved. The discussion concentrates on two aspects of the political culture, firstly on what kind of influence the parishes had in regard to the clergy appointments, secondly what the actions of the various actors in this context tell us about the local political culture. The study shows that the parishes did indeed assert their rights in connection with the clergy appointments. It is also shown that the parishes exerted a certain influence in terms of which clergyman to promote, but that this influence seems to have been limited to conditions dictated by the authorities. The clergy election reforms effected in the 1730's brought a significant change to the local political culture. Whereas the earlier legislation assumed that decisions were made unanimously, the elective reforms of the 1730's inaugurated the majority principle as election method, with the result that each voting parish member was now regarded as an independent actor. The investigation of the practice of clergy appointment in Hälsingland shows that the opinions reflected in the unanimous parish demands raised prior to the 1730's reforms primarily belonged to the most leading actors of the community. However, through the formalising of the decision-making procedure, the reforms made way for a broader participation in that process. All farm owners were entitled to vote in the clergy elections, which means that also women farm owners - primarily widows - had the right to vote. Nevertheless, as shown in the present study, the political culture was not as gender neutral as the legislation, seeing that, relatively speaking, the widows voted through proxies to a considerably larger extent than did the men. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2003</p> / digitalisering@umu

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