Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2001.

Diss. Linköping : Univ.

I denna uppsats analyseras det hur genus representeras och framställs i de tre svenskproducerade filmerna Call Girl (Mikael Marcimain, 2012), Monica Z (Per Fly, 2013) och Svinalängorna (Pernilla August, 2010). Filmerna kommer från en självständig katalog som visar upp en mångfald av filmer och tv-serier som gjorts inom det senaste decenniet där samtliga präglats av ett historiskt återblickande av det svenska 1960-och 1970-talet. Den historiska perioden var en omvälvande tid för kvinnorörelsen som ledde till stora förändringar som vidare har påverkat vår samtid. Studiens övergripande syfte undersöker hur historieförmedlingen och representationen av genus framställs i filmerna. Med stöd av det teoretiska ramverket förs resonemang fram om att kvinnorepresentationen uppvisar ett individualiserat porträtt av kvinnor, som på grund av deras samhällsposition söker förebilder och stöd i deras yttre och inre genusrelationer. Intersektionalitet används som perspektiv för att påvisa hur samverkande maktordningar förekommer i representationen. I den historiska porträtteringen ges ett kritiskt granskande av kvinnornas levnadsvillkor tillsammans med budskap som menar till att stärka och stödja kvinnor. Filmerna kan ses som samtida källor då det historiska återblickandet består av föreställningar och värderingar som återfinns i vår samtid.

Material artefacts to be used during sex is today commonly known as “sex toys”. This thesis has aimed to understand the discursive practices preceding this late-modern conceptualization, and what the previous historical conceptualizations testified to in terms of sexual morality and constructions of sexuality. The focus has been on a Swedish expert-led discursive context, spanning from the late seventies to the mid-nineties. Despite a general idea of Swedish sexual progressiveness, the results show that the discourse around these objects were all but welcoming. The Swedish Association for Sexuality Education (RFSU) considered the selling of “sexual technical aids” as a difficult topic. Good sexuality was to share an emotional loving connection. Thus, it should not overemphasize sex and the body, which sex aids did by being used for sexual functioning or corporeal sensations. I have shown how a discussion of sex aid-use by men with certain physical disabilities dealt with this problem, by providing a context of enabling sexual activity within a romantic union between the men and their partners. Thus, erective aids were especially in focus. I argue that this shows a somatification of male sexuality, which has previously been discussed as taking place in Sweden after the introduction of pharmaceutical erective pills in the late 1990s. Parallel to this, I show a development of heralding female use of “sex toys” in the early 1990s media. Whereas male masturbation with sexual objects were still ridden with an idea of social inadequacy, women were increasingly championed to consume to masturbate. I argue that the developments of how to conceptualize sex aids in Sweden indicate a larger discursive change regarding sexuality. Not only were men and women increasingly considered as beings with separate sexualities, and thus given separate sex aid-markets to court this – but acceptable sexual expression overall broadened. Good sexuality in the Swedish 1990s had begun to embrace the bodily sensations felt during sex, as well as accept sex itself as an independent aim, and in consequence sex aids – or “sex toys” – as a more acceptable means to this end.

Bakgrund Värdeinvesteringar bygger på att handla lågt prissatta tillgångar i förhållande till värde. Många har under åren formulerat olika strategier för att identifiera underprissatta tillgångar. Särskilt populärt är strategier baserade på att handla bolag med låga nyckeltal såsom P/B- och P/E-tal. Dessa strategier visade i flertalet studier förmågan att generera riskjusterad överavkastning på 80- och 90-talet. Just dessa strategier har dock visat upp sämre resultat i senare studier gjorda på 2000-talet. På den svenska marknaden har riskjusterad överavkastning mellan åren 1980-2010 uppvisats. Det har dock förblivit obesvarat hur resultatet hade blivit på den svenska marknaden efter 2010. Syfte Syftet med studien är att analysera i vilken utsträckning en värdeinvesteringsstrategi baserad på P/B-, respektive P/E-talet, genererar riskjusterad överavkastning.   Metod Studien har antagit en kvantitativ strategi med en deduktiv ansats. Genom en tidsserieundersökning har portföljer skapats och analyserats utifrån främst avkastning och risk. I studien avser riskjusterad överavkastning sådan avkastning för portföljen som överstiger vad som kan förväntas enligt CAPM. Parvisa t-test har genomförts för att avgöra resultatens statistiska signifikans. Bolagen som ingår i studien har varit sådana noterade på Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap mellan 2010-06-30, till och med 2020-06-30.    Slutsats Samtliga portföljer genererade en riskjusterad överavkastning och, med utdelningar inkluderade, en sharpekvot som översteg ett. Strategin baserad på P/B-talet genererade högre riskjusterad överavkastning än strategin baserad på P/E-talet. / Background The fundamental aspect in value investing is to buy assets for a lower market price, than its fundamental value. Over the years a lot of investors have tried to create strategies in order to identify undervalued companies. Particularly popular is value investing strategies based on buying stocks with low P/E and P/B ratios. These strategies have, according to several studies, managed to gain risk adjusted excess returns during the 1980s and 1990s. But during the 2000s, studies have shown inferior results on the American market. On the Swedish market, studies have shown that excess return was possible during the period 1980-2010, but it is still unanswered how the strategy would have performed during the period 2010-2020.    Purpose The purpose is to analyze to what extent a value investing strategy, based on the P/E and P/B ratio, respectively, generates risk adjusted excess return.  Methodology The study is based on a quantitative strategy with a deductive approach. Through a timeseries analysis, portfolios have been created in order to analyze return and risk. Risk adjusted excess returns is in this study, is defined as all returns who exceeds expected return from the CAPM model. Paired T-test have been used to determine the results statistical significance. The assets included in the sample is companies listed on Stockholm Large Cap index between 2010-06-30 and 2020-06-30.    Conclusions All constructed portfolios gained risk adjusted excess return during the period and, with dividends included, a Sharpe ratio higher than one. The strategy based on the P/B ratio outperformed the strategy based on the P/E ratio.

In this thesis, I argue that the modern view on tattooing as a new trend and its former association with antisocial people is an old trope, in many ways constructed by the newspapers.  Tattooing is a practice with a long and multifaceted history. From Ötzi the iceman to the presumed tattoo-boom or tattoo-renaissance in the late twentieth century, it has waxed and waned in popularity but never fully got out of sight. The inhabitants of Sweden's capital city Stockholm are said to be the world's most tattooed people.  The Swedish word for tattoo: tatuering, was introduced in 1799 in an article about natives in the South Pacific. For about half a century, the newspapers mostly wrote about tattooing as a native practice in faraway countries. But, as far back as 1869, the Swedish newspapers started to report on a more western-centered tattoo interest. Approximately 30 years later, it was also reported as a trend attracting new target groups such as women and nobility in America and Britain. Since then, Swedish newspapers have repeatedly described tattooing alternatively as a new trend reaching out to new target groups, a practice on the brink of extinction, a danger to the health, or a stigmatizing mark. The tattooed person has been depicted as odd, self-destructive, an outcast, or incapable of making their own decisions. Authorities such as medics, scholars, social workers, and journalists have taken a right to interpret, discuss and judge the choices of other people. From researching Swedish Newspapers from 1799 to 1999, I conclude that the modern reports on tattooing as a trend, a danger, or a sign of deviance is a narrative with a long history. The view of tattooed people as odd, strange, and victims of self-destructive behavior is a discourse with an equally long tradition. Further, I argue that the tattooed person, when interviewed or depicted to this day, is constructed by old conceptions and stereotypes. The result is that people with an interest in tattooing internalizes prejudices as a self-image. This image is either promoted and self-encouraged, or the object of denial, and a wish to be seen as a whole person, not a stereotype or cliché.

No description available.

This two-year master thesis in Library and information science, explores how femininity is created within the librarian profession year 1900-1930 in Sweden. By using three Swedish female librarians as case studies I study how female librarians responded to norms for women within the profession. I also ask if the librarians were able to break these norms or if the standards for women formed how the librarian profession was shaped.The thesis has a queer theoretical framework and uses hermeneutic methodology together with Judith But-lers performativity theory and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivaks deconstruktivism. Queer theory and hermeneutic methodology can be used on historical sources to gain new perspectives and still be aware of the ideals and norms that existed within the historical period. I use “woman” and “femininity” as socially constructed gender categories that changes according to the context they are created within and in relation to.My main source material consists of articles and letters written by the librarians together with a rich materi-al of women’s rights history and Swedish public library history. By using the female librarians own words I try to get a first-hand perspective, described by the women who worked and lived as librarians during the first dec-ades of the 20th century. They worked in an important and ground-breaking time for public libraries and wom-en´s self-sufficiency.My thesis shows that the female librarians used different pronouns and adjectives to describe their profes-sion depending on which context they spoke or published their texts. Greta Linder, Hildur Lundberg and Maria Larsen used different strategies to survive within the profession. In some cases, it was important to emphasize the category “woman”, but in many cases their professional identity as librarians was of greater significance. As self-sufficient and unmarried librarians, they could create other possibilities than within the limited space that existed for married women.

In this thesis the main features of Harrison C. White’s general sociology are studied. Since the 1960s White has played a crucial role in the development of the social network approach. He is well known for both the fecundity of the analytical tools he has developed over the years and for the original contributions he has made to several sub­fields of the discipline. White has also developed an unconventional and highly individual approach to social reality that, as the end-result of a sustained synthesizing effort, has grown out of a long and persistent endeavor. Yet, more than a decade after its publication, this general theoretical approach still remains largely unexplored. The main argument of this study is that White’s approach represents one of the mast persistent, elaborated and systematic efforts to enrich the analytical rigorous of the social network approach by adding the substantive theoretical insights that have been elaborated mainly within the symbolic interactionist perspective and the tradition of phenomenological sociology. In this study, first the premises of White’s approach are examined. It is demonstrated how White uses social networks as an analytical tool in order to obtain causal explanations of social phenomena. It is also shown how White re- conceptualizes the notions of social relationship and embeddedness. Furthermore, it is also discussed how White, on the basis of these conceptual innovations, develops a novel image of modern social contexts. This study proceeds by presenting the set of new basic concepts that are derived from this image, seeking to locate these concepts within the larger and more familiar context of theoretical sociology. It is also demonstrated in this study that White’s particular image of modern social contexts leads him to pose new questions and to develop new modes of analysis to answer them. White’s view of modem societies radically alters the very nature and state of the question of social order as well as the premises of its answer. As White dismisses the conventional formulations of the problem of social order, he considers the issue to be a question of identifying the small enclaves of regularity within the social landscape that is dynamic, indeterminate and shifting. In more concrete terms, it becomes a question of identifying the limited, local and stable patterns or configurations of relationships that prove sustainable and thus observable, despite all the dynamics of embeddedness and connectivity. Finally, the basic theoretical features of White’s model of production markets are presented and discussed. Production markets is a topic to which White has devoted a great deal of interest. Ever since the mid-1970s he has produced a long series of work with the ambition of developing a sociological account of these markets. This account represents the most extensive application of White’s general sociology, where he fleshes out his abstract ideas and arguments and where one finds a concrete case of his account of the emergence of social structures and local orders out of network ties and flows. The main conclusion of this study is that, despite all its shortcomings, the general sociological perspective that White has developed is an important contribution. It provides sociology with a new foundation and shows the direction towards which the discipline should be moving. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2003</p> / digitalisering@umu

Denna rapport handlar om fosterbarnsvård under perioden 1926–1935, då många barn bodde i fosterhem i Sverige. Vid studiens startpunkt hade en ny lag om samhällets barnavård införts där det ingick bestämmelser om kontroll över fosterbarnens vård. Vem som helst fick inte ta hand om fosterbarn, därför skulle fosterhems och fosterföräldrars lämplighet utredas och barnens vård i hemmen kontrolleras. I rapporten ges en inblick i hur lämplighetsfrågan och fosterhemstillsynen hanterades i en lokal praktik vid barnavårdsnämnden i Växjö. Ann-Sofie Bergman är socionom och fil. mag. i historia. Detta är hennes licentiatavhandling i socialt arbete. / This study is about foster family care in Sweden during a period at the beginning of the twentieth century, when many children were placed in foster homes. Because of the law regulating society’s children care (lag om samhällets barnavård) which came into force in 1926, children’s welfare boards (barnavårdsnämnder) were raised in the municipalities of Sweden. These boards got the responsibility for the supervising of foster care and for placing children with suitable foster parents. Then what was meant by foster parents being suitable? In this study the children’s welfare boards documented suitability tests of foster parents and foster homes are being analysed in a local context. It’s primarily language and argumentation which are being focused upon in this analysis. The local study has been located to Växjö during the period of 1926 to 1935. The result of the study shows that the foster children often were placed in foster homes in the local surroundings. The children’s welfare board preferred to place children with married couples who were living in the countryside without children of their own. Furthermore it was considered necessary that there was a woman in the foster home who took care of the children and the home. The foster parents’ care of the children was inspected by the board. How the foster parents took care of the children was essential, and the material conditions were important in this context, but also feelings and the relationship between the children and the adults. Problems in the foster homes which drew the attention of the board could be lack of good enough material conditions, illness or unsuitable lodgers. But the opinions about what was proper or improper could differ – children, parents and foster parents sometimes thought differently about this than the board did. When deciding upon this issue there could be negotiations or disputes taking place between the involved. Conclusively, this study has pointed out the significance of economy at the suitability tests carried out on the foster homes. If the foster parents did not receive any economic compensation for the foster child, the demands on the suitability of a foster home could be lower.