<p>This essay focuses on how women and the woman emancipation are described in high school history textbooks from the years 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000, using the theories history consciousness and gender. Two textbooks are analyzed from each period. There are several gender theories, in this essay it is Yvonne Hirdman’s theory concerning woman- and gender history that is used. This means that the woman emancipation and women’s history are analyzed from the perspectives invisible, add, and-, how- and gender history. Concerning the theory history consciousness Jeisman’s four definitions are used. The woman’s role and the woman emancipation are also examined from the variables work, education and the woman’s role at home.</p><p>During analyzing the text books it became clear that the presence of a history consciousness and gender perspective gradually became higher the newer the textbook was which means there were big differences in the books from year 1970 to year 2000.</p>

This essay focuses on how women and the woman emancipation are described in high school history textbooks from the years 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000, using the theories history consciousness and gender. Two textbooks are analyzed from each period. There are several gender theories, in this essay it is Yvonne Hirdman’s theory concerning woman- and gender history that is used. This means that the woman emancipation and women’s history are analyzed from the perspectives invisible, add, and-, how- and gender history. Concerning the theory history consciousness Jeisman’s four definitions are used. The woman’s role and the woman emancipation are also examined from the variables work, education and the woman’s role at home. During analyzing the text books it became clear that the presence of a history consciousness and gender perspective gradually became higher the newer the textbook was which means there were big differences in the books from year 1970 to year 2000.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kamila da Silva Raimundo Boico.pdf: 14535403 bytes, checksum: 20bfdcb71386fb8a5cfaeaf0ae9ce692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-06 / This study discusses the approach to categories and concepts related to Geomorphology in four teaching books written for high school students. We present not only the definitions for the subject studied in these works, but also take into account the images, figures, diagrams and maps presented, whose function is to aid in the explanation of the processes that occur inside the earth and on its surface, which in turn come to influence the forms of terrestrial relief. For the production of this analysis, we used respected works that deal with the dynamics studied by Geomorphology, as in the case of the Dictionary of Geology and Geomorphology, by Guerra (1987) and Understanding the Earth, compiled by Teixeira (2001). We also used an interview with Professor Gil Sodero de Toledo, who told us a little about the lectures that he gave in the University of Sao Paulo, and his reports were important to this research, given that he commented on the professors of Geography, on the participation that he had in formulating the Curriculum Guidelines of the State of Sao Paulo in 1986, on teaching books, amongst other subjects that involve the theme of this work / O presente trabalho discute a abordagem das categorias e conceitos que possuem relações com a Geomorfologia em quatro livros didáticos destinados a alunos do Ensino Médio. Apresentamos não só as definições sobre o tema observadas nessas obras, mas também levamos em conta as imagens, figuras, esquemas e mapas apresentados, cuja função é auxiliar a explicação dos processos ocorridos no interior e na superfície terrestre, que por sua vez virão a influenciar as formas de relevo. Para a elaboração dessa análise, utilizamos obras consagradas que tratam das dinâmicas estudadas pela Geomorfologia, como é o caso do Dicionário geológico e geomorfológico, de Guerra (1987) e de Decifrando a Terra, organizada por Teixeira (2001). Contamos também com a entrevista do professor Gil Sodero de Toledo, que nos contou um pouco das aulas que ministrava na Universidade de São Paulo, e seus relatos foram de sua importância para esta pesquisa, já que comentou sobre os professores de Geografia, sobre a participação que teve na Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo em 1986, sobre os livros didáticos, entre outros assuntos que envolvem o tema deste trabalho

<p>This survey is a text analysis of 4 teaching books during a ten years period in Social studies from a multicultural and intercultural perspective. Taking as a starting point that society and the school in today’s Sweden are multicultural and in need of more intercultural teaching I explore teaching books in social science to se how they relate to Sweden as a multicultural society and their way of relating to intercultural teachings and compare them. The questions asked are: How do the different books describe the multicultural society in Sweden? What kind of intercultural tools are found in the books? And are there any similarities or differences among these books? The theories used as a starting point are reformulated by the author after theories of Von Wright and Lahdenperä to fit in to the context of a text analysis of teaching books and the method used is a content analysis with its purpose of describing how the books are constructed. I have found that two older books from ten years ago are not describing Sweden as a multicultural society and are not including people with different origin as a natural part of the society. I have also found that there are not much intercultural tools used for increasing the reader’s intercultural understanding. In two older books from 1994 there is a tendency to stereotype people with different origins in and to not describe them as participant members of society. The newer books from 2004 and 2005 are more describing Sweden as a multicultural society both directly and indirectly and they are including people with different origins to be a participant part of the society. It is also reflected that there is always a risk for stereotyping different groups in society by discussing problems but that there are different ways considered to avoid that. The books from today are both using more intercultural tools to increase the reader’s intercultural understanding in different ways.</p>

<p>The teaching book is a very important device in schools and its potential impact can be considerable. This essay analyses how gender is established in one of the most common teaching books in upper secondary school,</p><p><em>Blueprint A. The study aims to find out if the teaching book is stereotypical concerning the issue of gender equality. The analysis is made with Halliday’s Functional Grammar Theory as theoretical approach and is compared to the guidelines of the Curriculum and the Educational Act. To fulfil the aim of this essay, three texts are analysed from a gender perspective. If the verbs are dynamic/stative, and if the subjects function as agents or not are the factors used to establish if there is a difference between how females and males are represented in the texts. The hypothesis is based on a previous study on the same teaching book but regarding another edition and course (Odén 2005). It is hypothesised that there are differences in how men and women are presented in the texts and that women are described as more stative while men are described in more dynamic terms. The conclusion of this essay is that females are established as more stative than males and therefore it can be argued that the teaching book does not satisfy the goals of the Curriculum or the Educational Act. </em></p>

This survey is a text analysis of 4 teaching books during a ten years period in Social studies from a multicultural and intercultural perspective. Taking as a starting point that society and the school in today’s Sweden are multicultural and in need of more intercultural teaching I explore teaching books in social science to se how they relate to Sweden as a multicultural society and their way of relating to intercultural teachings and compare them. The questions asked are: How do the different books describe the multicultural society in Sweden? What kind of intercultural tools are found in the books? And are there any similarities or differences among these books? The theories used as a starting point are reformulated by the author after theories of Von Wright and Lahdenperä to fit in to the context of a text analysis of teaching books and the method used is a content analysis with its purpose of describing how the books are constructed. I have found that two older books from ten years ago are not describing Sweden as a multicultural society and are not including people with different origin as a natural part of the society. I have also found that there are not much intercultural tools used for increasing the reader’s intercultural understanding. In two older books from 1994 there is a tendency to stereotype people with different origins in and to not describe them as participant members of society. The newer books from 2004 and 2005 are more describing Sweden as a multicultural society both directly and indirectly and they are including people with different origins to be a participant part of the society. It is also reflected that there is always a risk for stereotyping different groups in society by discussing problems but that there are different ways considered to avoid that. The books from today are both using more intercultural tools to increase the reader’s intercultural understanding in different ways.

The teaching book is a very important device in schools and its potential impact can be considerable. This essay analyses how gender is established in one of the most common teaching books in upper secondary school, Blueprint A. The study aims to find out if the teaching book is stereotypical concerning the issue of gender equality. The analysis is made with Halliday’s Functional Grammar Theory as theoretical approach and is compared to the guidelines of the Curriculum and the Educational Act. To fulfil the aim of this essay, three texts are analysed from a gender perspective. If the verbs are dynamic/stative, and if the subjects function as agents or not are the factors used to establish if there is a difference between how females and males are represented in the texts. The hypothesis is based on a previous study on the same teaching book but regarding another edition and course (Odén 2005). It is hypothesised that there are differences in how men and women are presented in the texts and that women are described as more stative while men are described in more dynamic terms. The conclusion of this essay is that females are established as more stative than males and therefore it can be argued that the teaching book does not satisfy the goals of the Curriculum or the Educational Act.

Quelle place ont la culture et la littérature dans les méthodes actuelles d’enseignement-apprentissage des langues étrangères ? Comment transmettre ces compétences en accord avec les manuels de FLE en Espagne et remotiver ainsi les apprenants envers la langue française? Voici les questions principales auxquelles nous essaierons de répondre tout au long de ce travail. Tout d’abord, nous réfléchirons à propos de diverses problématiques constatées dans le domaine de la didactique du FLE dans notre pays.Cela sera suivi d’une réflexion sur les caractéristiques qui font de la littérature –particulièrement la littérature de l’intime– une source très riche pour enseigner la culture étrangère dans toutes ses dimensions, en établissant parallèlement des liens avec la culture maternelle de l’apprenant. Ensuite, à partir de l’analyse de plusieurs textes autobiographiques d’un corpus d’ouvrages de M. Proust, R. Queneau, G. Perec et A.Ernaux, nous proposerons une méthodologie didactique pour enseigner le FLE à partir de textes autobiographiques. Enfin, nous présenterons des propositions pratiques, sur la base de certains textes de ce corpus, qui ont été essayées dans plusieurs contextes éducatifs en Espagne. / This work fits into the broader study of languages and cultural didactics. This is the result of one Action-Research project of 6 years having taken place in several school contexts in Spain. Our main aim is to answer to the following questions: What place is offered to culture and literature by foreign languages teaching and learning methodologies for today? How could these skills be transmitted according to Spanish methods to teaching French as a foreign language? First of all the notion of culture will be considered as well as some of the several problems caused by it in the field of FFL in Spain.Secondly, we will analyse some of the reasons which make Personal literature a very rich source to teach culture in all its dimensions and in parallel with mother culture thought a corpus of M. Proust, R.Queneau, G. Perec and A. Ernaux. To finish, a few ideas so as to work around some texts of these authors will be given.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research regarding the learning of genetics is an important theme within the area of of Biology teaching, because it involves the discussion about forms of apprenticeship and difficulties in understanding and relating abstract concepts that proceed from different areas. Due to the necessity of investigating the main difficulties of the students in relation to the learning of genetics, this work had as objective to develop a teaching model which might facilitate genetics' learning and the demonstration of the correlation between genotype and phenotype, besides the analysis of the auxiliary resources present in teaching books. The research utilized qualitative and quantitative approaches using as collection instrument a questionnaire for the general characterization of the group and the comparison of pre and post-tests applied. Seventy three students, enrolled in the second year of high school in a public school of Santa Maria, RS, took part in the research. The tests were elaborated with questions that encompassed contents related to genetics. The teaching model was used in the period between the application of the pre and post tests. The analysis of the pre-test showed that the main questions were related to the identification of the chromosome structure, genes and DNA; relations between genotype and phenotype; the identification of genealogies and calculation of probabilities, concepts and karyotype. After the use of the teaching model it could be observed that it was efficient for the learning of issues as chromosome structures, genotype-phenotype interaction and karyotype, confirming that that the use of different models and practices of teaching are important tools for the consolidation of learning. The analysis of the teaching books showed that pictures were the resource present more often, while resources like cartoons and indication of sites were present in only one of the seven books. Therefore, the analysis of teaching books is important, because they are a source of learning and of conceiving for the students, and they must have teaching resources, like the indication of sites and didactic models to aid in learning. / A pesquisa com relação à aprendizagem de genética é importante tema dentro da área de ensino de biologia, pois envolve a discussão sobre formas de aprendizado e dificuldades em compreender e relacionar conceitos abstratos e oriundos de diferentes áreas. Devido à necessidade de investigação sobre as principais dificuldades dos alunos com relação à aprendizagem de genética, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo didático que facilitasse a aprendizagem de genética e a demonstração da correlação entre genótipo e fenótipo além da análise dos recursos auxiliares presentes nos livros didáticos. A pesquisa utilizou as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando como instrumento de coleta um questionário para a caracterização geral do grupo e a comparação das questões do pré e pós-teste utilizados. Participaram da pesquisa 73 alunos matriculados no segundo ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública de Santa Maria, RS. Os testes foram formulados com questões que englobavam conteúdos relacionados à genética. No período entre a aplicação dos testes foi utilizado o modelo didático. A análise do pré-teste mostrou que as principais dúvidas estavam relacionadas à identificação da estrutura cromossômica, genes e DNA; relações entre genótipo e fenótipo; identificação de genealogias e cálculos de probabilidade, conceitos e cariótipo. Após o uso do modelo didático observou-se que o mesmo foi eficiente com relação aos grupos relacionados às estruturas cromossômicas, interação genótipo e fenótipo e cariótipo, confirmando que o uso de modelos e práticas diferenciais de ensino são ferramentas importantes para a consolidação do aprendizado. A análise dos livros didáticos mostrou que o recurso presente com mais frequência foram as figuras, sendo que recursos como charges e indicação de sites esteve presente em apenas um dos sete livros. Assim, é importante a análise dos livros didáticos, pois os mesmos são fonte de aprendizagem e de concepções para os estudantes e devem apresentar recursos pedagógicos, como a indicação de sites e modelos didáticos para auxiliar na aprendizagem.

[pt] Este trabalho disserta sobre o ensino dos números irracionais no Ensino Fundamental – Anos Finais, com o objetivo de discutir as dificuldades que os alunos apresentam em entender a ideia de um número irracional e as formas pelas quais o conteúdo lhes é apresentado. Inicialmente, apresentaremos um breve histórico sobre a origem dos números e os principais sistemas de numeração, realizando uma contextualização histórica dos números irracionais. Falaremos do ensino destes, destacando a abordagem que alguns livros fazem deste conteúdo. Apresentaremos uma pesquisa realizada no Google Forms, com 90 professores que trabalham no Ensino Fundamental, a fim de conhecer as formas pelas quais eles ensinam os números irracionais aos seus alunos. Concluindo o trabalho, demonstraremos formas de trabalhar os números irracionais usando o GeoGebra, calculadora e jogos matemáticos. / [en] This paper discusses the teaching process of the irrational numbers in the Elementary Education – Final Years with the objective of reflecting on the difficulties students have in understanding the idea of an irrational number, and the ways by which the content is presented to students. Initially, we introduce a brief history of the origin of numbers and the main numbering systems, making a historical contextualization of the irrational numbers. By talking about the teaching of the irrational numbers, we highlight the ways by which some books present this content. We present a survey conducted on Google Forms, with 90 teachers who work in the Elementary School, in order to know the ways they teach the irrational numbers to their students. Concluding, we propose ways to work with the irrational numbers using the GeoGebra, calculator and mathematical games.