Esta dissertação trata do desenvolvimento do processo produtivo da construção civil na produção de habitação no Brasil no período da Nova República. Busca compreender historicamente como se deu o processo de acumulação no setor a partir do avanço das forças produtivas e do conflito entre capital e trabalho. A indústria da construção civil é analisada a partir das singularidades de seu processo produtivo, materializado nos canteiros de obra e caracterizado pela variabilidade e flexibilidade de suas condicionantes. O percurso desta pesquisa perpassa o problema da produção de habitação e sua relação com a indústria da construção civil, suas diferentes estratégias de acumulação, formas de industrialização e de organização do trabalho. Diante da explosão da produção do setor nos anos 2000, busca entender a dinâmica produtiva nos atuais canteiros de obra através do estudo de três empresas construtoras. A análise das condições de produção atuais à luz de sua evolução histórica acaba por pontuar contradições, possibilidades e limites contidos na dinâmica cíclica de desenvolvimento da indústria da construção. / This dissertation outlines the development of the civil construction process in housing production in Brazil throughout the New Republic. It seeks to understand, historically, how the accumulation process in the sector has occurred in view of the advance of productive forces and the conflict between capital and work. The civil construction industry has been examined taking into consideration the particularities of the productive process, materialised in the work sites and characterised by the variety and flexibility of its constraints. This research comprises of the issue of housing production and its relation with the civil construction industry, its diverse accumulation strategies, as well as ways of industrialisation and of work organisation. Bearing in mind the explosion of the production in the sector in the 2000\'s years, it seeks to understand the production dynamics in the existing construction work sites through the study of three main construction companies. The study of the current conditions of the production in the light of its historical evolution results in pointing out contradictions, possibilities and limits contained in the cyclic dynamics of the development of the construction industry.

Esta dissertação trata do desenvolvimento do processo produtivo da construção civil na produção de habitação no Brasil no período da Nova República. Busca compreender historicamente como se deu o processo de acumulação no setor a partir do avanço das forças produtivas e do conflito entre capital e trabalho. A indústria da construção civil é analisada a partir das singularidades de seu processo produtivo, materializado nos canteiros de obra e caracterizado pela variabilidade e flexibilidade de suas condicionantes. O percurso desta pesquisa perpassa o problema da produção de habitação e sua relação com a indústria da construção civil, suas diferentes estratégias de acumulação, formas de industrialização e de organização do trabalho. Diante da explosão da produção do setor nos anos 2000, busca entender a dinâmica produtiva nos atuais canteiros de obra através do estudo de três empresas construtoras. A análise das condições de produção atuais à luz de sua evolução histórica acaba por pontuar contradições, possibilidades e limites contidos na dinâmica cíclica de desenvolvimento da indústria da construção. / This dissertation outlines the development of the civil construction process in housing production in Brazil throughout the New Republic. It seeks to understand, historically, how the accumulation process in the sector has occurred in view of the advance of productive forces and the conflict between capital and work. The civil construction industry has been examined taking into consideration the particularities of the productive process, materialised in the work sites and characterised by the variety and flexibility of its constraints. This research comprises of the issue of housing production and its relation with the civil construction industry, its diverse accumulation strategies, as well as ways of industrialisation and of work organisation. Bearing in mind the explosion of the production in the sector in the 2000\'s years, it seeks to understand the production dynamics in the existing construction work sites through the study of three main construction companies. The study of the current conditions of the production in the light of its historical evolution results in pointing out contradictions, possibilities and limits contained in the cyclic dynamics of the development of the construction industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Cristiano Candido Silva.pdf: 1971241 bytes, checksum: a2dc5426ef9d9d0dc2d8362217ba4f83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28 / The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the technological development process which took place at Novartis Bioci?ncias S.A., at its Pharmochemical Plant in Resende-RJ. Following the corporative strategy, the plant went through a huge technological structure build-up process and started to play a key role in the Global Supply chain as Resende facility took over the production of four intermediate steps of the company s main pharmaceutical ingredient, exporting two of these steps. This is an atypical situation in the current Brazilian pharmaceutical scenery, as importation is really remarkable in this sector. A study case was established on this situation and the field research method was based on guided interviews with professionals of the Finance, Engineering and Production areas who actively took part in the development process. Among the observed difficulties regarding innovative activities, the ones related to infrastructure, specialized service and labor qualification stood out. The low standard level of Brazilian international marketing as well as the low investment towards research and development in the pharmaceutical area show how important Novartis initiative is. Not only because of the social and economical benefits observed, such as production volume increase, creation of new jobs and increase of quality standards, but also due to the chance of technological background development of the national industry. At last, it is also important to mention the fundamental participation of public authorities who made the country a lot more attractive to investments at the described level, resulting in changes in the direct foreign investment policy. / O objetivo geral nesta disserta??o consiste em investigar o processo de capacita??o tecnol?gica ocorrido na empresa Novartis Bioci?ncia S.A., em seu estabelecimento de Produ??o Farmoqu?mica localizado na cidade de Resende, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Atrav?s da estrat?gia corporativa, a planta sofreu um amplo processo de reestrutura??o tecnol?gica, tornando-se uma planta chave no abastecimento da cadeia produtiva do grupo em n?vel global, assumindo a produ??o e exporta??o de etapas do principal f?rmaco da companhia. Por tratar-se de uma situa??o at?pica ao que ocorre com as grandes empresas transnacionais do ramo farmac?utico instaladas no Brasil, sendo o mercado nacional fortemente marcado pelo alto n?vel de importa??o de produtos farmac?uticos e farmoqu?micos, foi elaborado um estudo de caso. A metodologia da pesquisa de campo baseou-se em entrevistas estruturadas com profissionais dos Departamentos de Produ??o, Engenharia e Finan?as, que participaram ativamente do processo. Entre os obst?culos observados em atividades inovativas, destacaram-se aqueles ligados ? desqualifica??o da infra-estrutura de servi?os especializados e m?o-de-obra de opera??o. O baixo padr?o de especializa??o do com?rcio exterior brasileiro, aliado ao baixo n?vel de investimentos direcionados para inova??es do setor farmac?utico no pa?s justificam a import?ncia deste tipo de investimento, primeiro, pelos benef?cios sociais e econ?micos observados atrav?s da atividade de exporta??o (aumento significativo da produ??o anual, n?mero de empregados, padr?o de qualidade e competitividade, entre outros) e, segundo, pela oportunidade de absor??o de knowhow em novos processos para o setor industrial brasileiro. Finalmente, constatou-se a fundamental import?ncia da atua??o da administra??o p?blica em tornar o pa?s atraente para projetos deste porte, causando mudan?as qualitativas no papel do investimento estrangeiro direto.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Digitalisering och automatisering har en allt mernärvarande roll i samhället, med stor påverkan på olika yrken, där den mänskliga närvaron ersätts. Redovisningsbranschen har på senare tid varit starkt influerad av den tekniska utvecklingen. Redovisningskonsultens yrkesroll påverkas och tidigare studier indikerar att rollen främst kommer vara rådgivande istället för administrativ i framtiden. Hur påverkasredovisningskonsultens professionella identitet av denna utveckling? Syfte: Studiens syfte är att förstå hur digitaliseringen påverkat redovisningskonsultensprofessionella identitet och hur de ser på en framtid påverkad av digitaliseringen. För att kartlägga och analysera hur den professionella identiteten förändrats läggs särskilt fokus på de tre central aspekter som utgör en professionell identitet; specialiserad kunskap, socialkompetens och kognitiv förmåga. Studien ska även bidra till en förståelse för hur redovisningskonsulterna spår yrkesrollens framtid. Teori och metod: Studien utgår från att digitalisering innebär en automatisering av arbetsflödet, där rutinmässiga arbetsuppgifter automatiseras. Studiens resultatet har jämfört smed teorier för huruvida digitaliseringen använts av redovisningskonsulterna, i syfte att uppnåkunskap om hur långt branschen kommit i den tekniska utvecklingen. Vidare harprofessionsteorin använts, där professions begreppet beskriver hur en profession uppnås genom sex olika steg. Den professionella identiteten i serviceyrken påverkas av externa förändringar. Teori kring den professionella identiteten utgår ifrån tre centrala aspekter hosredovisningskonsulterna; specialiserad kunskap, sociala kompetens och kognitiv förmåga. Studien har utförts genom en kvalitativ metod där empiriskt datamaterial samlats in genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer, med sju verksamma redovisningskonsulter. Urvalet representerar totalt sex olika redovisningsbyråer. Datamaterialet har därefter analyserats utifrån ovanstående teorier. Studiens resultat: Resultatet av studien visar att digitaliseringen påverkat redovisningskonsultens arbetsuppgifter och arbetssätt, då flera arbetsmoment digitaliserats. Utvecklingen har medfört ett tryck på en bredare kunskapsbas samt att redovisningskonsulten numera bör besitta en hög grad av social kompetens. Dessa faktorer är delar av den kognitiva förmågan som även influerats av den tekniska utvecklingen. Sammanfattningsvis harredovisningskonsulternas professionella identitet påverkats av den tekniska utvecklingen och spås göra det även i framtiden. / Background: The development of digitalization and automation has had a large presence in our society, with great effects on different professions, resulting in the human presence being replaced. In recent years the management accounting businesses has been strongly influenced by the digitalization. Studies have indicated that most of the administrative tasks will become more consulatory, changing the management accountant’s role. How does digitalization affect the management accountant’s professional identity? Problem: In order to understand the effects of digitalization on the management accountant’s professional identity, we designed our issue based on theories. The purpose of this study is to map and analyze how the professional identity has changed, focusing on the three crucial aspects that constitutes the professional identity; specialized knowledge resource, interaction know-how and cognitive understanding. The study also analyzes the management accountant’s views of the future of the industry and compares it with the theories regarding the impact of digitalization on their profession. Method and Theory: In this study, we defined digitalization as an automation of workflow, where routine tasks are being automated. By this definition, this study will analyse how the digitalization is used by the management accountants, the purpose is to gain knowledge in how far the industry has come in the technical development. Furthermore, the theory of profession has been used, defined and described by six steps on how to achieve a profession. The professional identity within service work is influenced by external changes. The theory behind the professional identity is constituted by three aspects concerning management accountants. This study is constructed by a qualitative method, where the empirical data has been gathered through semi structured interviews with seven operating management accountants. The range represents a total of six accounting offices. Results of study: The digitalization has influenced the management accountants tasks and how they perform them. The development of the digitalization also brought a need for the management accountants to possess a wider range of knowledge and to be very socially competent. These factors are part of what composes the cognitive understanding and have been affected by the technical development. The result of the study indicates that the technical development has had an impact on the management accountant’s professional identity and will continue to do so in the future. (This paper is written in Swedish)

The main research questions for this local study of Tarkett AB, a floor manufacturer, are based on the central characteristics of the third industrial revolution: globalization, technological development, and organizational change. As a background to the local development and change towards the end of the twentieth century, I have chosen to emphasize, on the one hand, the increasing need of the industry for internationalization, rationalization, and productivity development after fordism and the demise of the regulated “real wages capitalism” in the middle of the 1970s, and, on the other, the work rights offensive of the labor movement in the 1970s and its continued struggle for economic and industrial authority. The method to analyze the essential traits of the organizational change process has aimed to construe a field of organizational change whose ideal types are based on taylorism, toyotism, flexible specialization, just-in-time, and lean production. Methods used to analyze change from the perspective of social structuration are also related to the theories of dynamic contradictory class locations, local hegemony, and gender. Apart from traditional source material and interviews, the study builds on the results from a study group consisting of a number of factory workers from Tarkett. Technological change and development (IT) of the work process on the factory floor has been analyzed as technological rationalization, quality development, work environment improvement, and as issues of gender relations and class positions at the work place. As regards the management process, leadership and control, centralization and decentralization concepts are vital. In matters concerning working conditions, including salaries, working hours, and job profiles (qualifications required for employment) are central. The management process was subject to changes that entailed deviations from the principles of traditional tayloristic management philosophy. Instead a participant change strategy implemented decentralized leadership functions in the shape of management by objectives via autonomous groups according to principles of ”responsible autonomy”. The investigation shows that computer-aided centralized control functions, competence improvement, and intensified ideological control worked together to change the management process. Decentralization of responsibility, the integration of white-collar like duties, the general competence development, and the higher demands on job qualifications, combined to render workers’ class locations more contradictory. This, together with ideological control and change, contributed to consolidate local hegemony.

Kring en kärna av kompetens inom mekanisk verkstadsindustri har det ständigt tillverkats nya produkter vid AB Hägglund &amp; Söner med säte i Örnsköldsvik. Möbler, busskarosserier, flygplan, gruvlok, elektriska motorer, svetsmaskiner, fartygskranar och hydrauliska motorer är bara några exempel. Utvecklingen av nya produkter har skett i nära samarbete med kunder med vilka man haft långvariga affärsutbyten. Inom företaget har intresset och entusiasmen för nya produkter och konstruktioner varit en ständig drivkraft till ökad kunskap. Redan tidigt utvecklades en kultur och tradition av att gärna och med stor arbetsinsats ge sig in på svåra men utmanande och spännande projekt kring nya produkter. I denna empiriska del behandlas företagets omvandling under en period av sextio år. Med utgångspunkt från produkterna söker författaren beskriva förändring såväl i intern resursomvandling som externt i interaktion med kunder och leverantörer. Boken utgör den empiriska delen av "Ett industriföretags omvandling". / <p>Utgör jämte förf:s: "Ett industriföretags omvandling" diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk</p>

Laisvas asmenų judėjimas Europos Sąjungoje suteikia galimybę laisvai pasirinkti darbo bei gyvenimo vietą. Naujosioms Europos Sąjungos narėms, tai reiškia emigracijos augimą. Šis procesas turi neigiamos įtakos šalies ekonomikai, ypač, kai išvyksta kvalifikuoti darbuotojai. Šio darbo objektas Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Slovėnijos politikos sprendimai, susiję su „protų nutekėjimu“. Šiame darbe buvo iškeltas tikslas išanalizuoti Lietuvos, Latvijos bei Slovėnijos situaciją „protų nutekėjimo“ kontekste bei palyginti jų vykdomą politiką šiuo klausimu. Tikslui pasiekti buvo keliami uždaviniai: apžvelgti intelekto migraciją bei jos problemas, išanalizuoti Lietuvos „protų nutekėjimo“ priežastis bei pasekmes, Palyginti Latvijos ir Slovėnijos situaciją „protų nutekėjimo“ klausimu, išanalizavus Lietuvos, Latvijos bei Slovėnijos valstybių vykdomą politiką aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų migracijos mažinimui, pateikti rekomendacijas. Darbe buvo iškelta hipotezė: aiškios politinės programos, nukreiptos į „protų cirkuliaciją“, mažina „protų nutekėjimą“ bei sudaro sąlygas mokslo ir technologijų vystimuisi. Išanalizavus vykdomas politikas „protų nutekėjimo“ klausimu, yra pateikiamos pagrindinės išvados ir rekomendacijos: 1. Lietuvos ir Latvijos mokslinių tyrimų finansavimas yra ne investicinio, o remiamojo pobūdžio, nepakankamas tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas, vakarų Europoje nepakankamai pristatomas Lietuvos mokslo potencialas. Slovėnijoje mokslinių tyrimų finansavimas yra investicinio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Having no borders in the European Union, gives the opportunity to choose the place of work and life. For the new members of EU, it means the increased emigration. This process has negative effects on the economics of the country especially talking about qualified workers. The object of this work is political decisions of Lithuania, Latvia and Slovenia which are related with “brain drain”. The aim of the work is to analyze the situation of Lithuania, Latvia and Slovenia in the content of “brain drain” and compare their political decisions. To reach this aim there were the following goals for this work: to observe the emigration of skilled labour, to analyze the reasons and consequences of Lithuania’s “brain drain” and to give recommendations after comparison of Lithuania, Latvia and Slovenia’s policies of reducing “brain drain”. The hypothesis of this work was: clear political programs directed towards “brain circulation” reduces “brain drain” provides conditions for the development of science and technologies. After analysis of the pursued politics of “brain drain” there are given some findings and recommendations: 1. Lithuania and Latvia’s scientific research is non investment character but supportive, too weak international collaboration, Lithuania’s research is not presented in the west well enough. In Slovenia science is based on business investment which stimulates competitiveness and development of economics. 2. Lithuania, and Latvia’s MTTP human resources are not... [to full text]

Kring en kärna av kompetens inom mekanisk verkstadsindustri har det ständigt tillverkats nya produkter vid AB Hägglund &amp; Söner med säte i Örnsköldsvik. Möbler, busskarosserier, flygplan, gruvlok, elektriska motorer, svetsmaskiner, fartygskranar och hydrauliska motorer är bara några exempel. Utvecklingen av nya produkter har skett i nära samarbete med kunder med vilka man haft långvariga affärsutbyten. Inom företaget har intresset och entusiasmen för nya produkter och konstruktioner varit en ständig drivkraft till ökad kunskap. Redan tidigt utvecklades en kultur och tradition av att gärna och med stor arbetsinsats ge sig in på svåra men utmanande och spännande projekt kring nya produkter. I denna empiriska del behandlas företagets omvandling under en period av sextio år. Med utgångspunkt från produkterna söker författaren beskriva förändring såväl i intern resursomvandling som externt i interaktion med kunder och leverantörer. Boken utgör den empiriska delen av "Ett industriföretags omvandling".

No description available.

Στην παρούσα μελέτη αξιολογήθηκε η προσπάθεια των αναπτυσσόμενων χωρών του συνόλου BRIC, στην πορεία μετάβασής τους προς τις «Οικονομίες της Γνώσης». Πρόκειται για τέσσερις από τις μεγαλύτερες οικονομίες του πλανήτη, που στο μέλλον αναμένεται να διαδραματίσουν κρίσιμο ρόλο στις παγκόσμια οικονομική σκηνή. Οι αγορές όλων τους είναι υπερμεγέθεις, με την μεγαλύτερη από αυτές την Κίνα, να απαριθμεί 1,3 δισεκατομμύρια ανθρώπους και να έχει γεωγραφικά διαμερίσματα με πληθυσμό μεγαλύτερο ακόμα και από τις μεγαλύτερες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες. Η αξιολόγηση των χωρών έγινε στην βάση των τεσσάρων πυλώνων των «Οικονομιών της Γνώσης»: i) Πληθυσμός με υψηλό μορφωτικό επίπεδο και ικανότητες, που θα αξιοποιήσει παραγωγικά και θα εξελίξει τη Γνώση, ii) αποτελεσματικό σύστημα καινοτομιών, που θα αποτελέσει την υποδομή για τον σχηματισμό ενός δικτύου φορέων Ε&Α, iii) υποδομή δυναμικής πληροφόρησης, που θα διευκολύνει αποτελεσματικά την ενημέρωση και διάδοση της Γνώσης και iv) οικονομικό και οργανωσιακό καθεστώς, που θα παρέχει τα απαραίτητα κίνητρα για τη δημιουργία, ανάπτυξη και αποτελεσματική χρήση της Γνώσης. Μέσα από την μεταξύ τους σύγκριση συναντήσαμε σημαντικές διαφορές σε πολλά από τα στοιχεία που απαρτίζουν τον κάθε πυλώνα. Κάθε μία, όμως, από τις χώρες BRIC κατόρθωσε να παρουσιάσει σημεία σημαντικής προόδου. Αποδείχτηκε, πως μολονότι αξιοποιούνται διαφορετικά μέσα και δοκιμάζονται εναλλακτικές προσεγγίσεις, ο δρόμος για την ανάπτυξη των αναδυόμενων οικονομιών BRIC είναι κοινός. Αυτός της Οικονομίας της Γνώσης. Ολοκληρώνοντας την ανάλυση, διαπιστώνεται ότι πολλά από τα συμπεράσματα της μελέτης θα μπορούσαν να έχουν γενικότερη εφαρμογή, πλαισιώνοντας έναν μεγαλύτερο αριθμό αναπτυσσόμενων ή ακόμα και ανεπτυγμένων χωρών. Με την κατάλληλη προσαρμογή στις κοινωνικές, θεσμικές και οικονομικές συνθήκες της κάθε χώρας, τα συμπεράσματα αυτά θα μπορούσαν να αποτελέσουν τον δεκάλογο της επιτυχούς μετάβασης μιας χώρας σε μία Οικονομία που βασίζεται στη Γνώση / This study evaluated the efforts of the "BRIC" developing economies, in their transition towards a "knowledge-based economy". The evaluation was based on the four pillars of the "knowledge-based economy»: i) Population with higher education and skills for the creation and development of knowledge, ii) an effective innovation system and an efficient R&D network, iii) a dynamic information infrastructure that will facilitate information and knowledge dissemination effectively and iv) an economic and organizational regime, which will provide the necessary incentives for the creation, development and effective use of knowledge. Through the comparison between them, significant differences emerge in many of the elements that comprise each pillar. However, each one of the BRIC countries has shown signs of significant progress. Despite all differences in their approaches, we have seen that the road to development runs through a knowledge-based economy. Many of the conclusions of this study could have broader applications to a larger number of developing or even developed countries. With the proper adaptation to social, institutional and economic conditions of each country, these findings could form the decalogue of a country's successful transition to knowledge-based economy.